Control of ❌ muscle can be a reflex movement, a precise ❌ movement, or an ❌ movement. These all occur via a final ❌ pathway, through a motor neuron. A motor neuron can never cause an ❌ action.
Choose the correct statements about reflexes
A reflex movement is typically organised within the spinal cord.
Reflex movement pathways have an interneuron in the brain.
A reflex movement is a predictable, reproducible automatic response to a particular stimulus.
Stretch reflexes and withdrawal reflexes are common examples of reflexes.
The major difference in the relay of neurons between the stretch and withdrawal reflex is that in the withdrawal reflex, a neuron in the CNS travels from the spinal cord interneuron to the brain to provide conscious sensory information.
The sensory information delivered during a withdrawal reflex reaches the brain at the same time as the response is concluding.
Choose the incorrect statement about the corticospinal(pyramidal) tract.
It carries efferent information.
It crosses over in the medulla.
There is always an interneuron.
It controls precise movement, e.g. in the hands and feet
Choose the incorrect statement.
The basal ganglia permit action potentials to be propagated from the motor cortex.
The cerebellum can modify the motor program by comparing sensory feedback to expected feedback.
The cerebellum maintains posture.
The procedural memory is a development of memory of motor programs/automatic movements.
The basal ganglia assure the movement is coordinated guided by sensory feedback.
Choose the incorrect statement about the basal ganglia.
They act as a reward centre.
They are involved in addictive behaviours.
They release the hormone/neurotransmitter dopamine.
They only perform excitatory functions.
In Parkinson's Disease, the basal nuclei do not receive ❌ and so they cannot ❌ the inhibitory functions which allow a movement to be ❌.
