Define enthalpy change of hydrogenation

What is the value for the enthalpy change of hydrogenation of cyclohexane?

What is the expected value for enthalpy of hydrogenation of the kekule structure for benzene?

What is the value for the experimental enthalpy of hydrogenation for benzene?

Explain the difference in the theoretical and experimental values for enthalpy of hydrogenation of benzene

Why doesn't benzene undergo addition reactions easily?

Give the equation and observations for when benzene completely combusts

What are aromatic compounds?

What reactions does benzene undergo?

How does a halogen carrier work?

Write down the mechanism for the reaction between propanoyl chloride and benzene (including formation of electrophile). What is this reaction called?

How would you form nitrobenzene from benzene?

What is the catalyst used in a nitration reaction?

At what temperature does a mononitration reaction take place?

Why is phenol more reactive than benzene?

What is the organic product of the reaction between phenol and bromine water? Give the observations

Describe how you would synthesise aspirin from salicyclic acid

What is an amine?

What are aliphatic compounds?

Give the mechanism for the formation of ethylamine from 1-chloroethane

Why is a mixture of primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quanternary ammonium salts formed when a primary halogenoalkane is reacted with ammonia?

What are the two ways you can form a primary amine from a nitrile?

How would you form an aromatic amine?

Give the equation for the reduction of a nitrobenzene to form phenylamine

How are primary aliphatic amines stronger bases than ammonia?

Why are aromatic amines weak bases?

Give the equation for the neutralisation of butylamine. Name the product

How does solubility of amines change as you increase the carbon chain length?

Give the colour change when a small amount of butylamine is added to copper sulfate solution followed by an excess and explain why this change occurs.

Give the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and butylamine. Name the product

What further reaction occurs after ethanoyl chloride and butylamine react?

What are the observations for when ethanoyl chloride is added to conc. aqueous solution of an amine?

What is the functional group for an amide?

Why do amides behave differently from amines?

What is an N-substituted amide?

How are primary amides formed?

How are N-substituted amides formed?

What is condensation polymerisation?

What monomers react together to form polyamides?

Give the equation for the formation polyamides

Give the equation to show how amino acid monomers form protein chains

How are amino acids hydrolysed?

How are polyesters formed? Give the equation and label the ester link

Give the general structure of an amino acid

What is a zwitterion?

Under what conditions does an amino acid exist as a zwitterion?

How does the structure of amino acids change as pH increases?

What type of amino acid is naturally occurring?

What amino acid is not chiral?

How are grignard reagents formed?

Give the equation and conditions for the reaction between grignard reagent and carbon dioxide

How are alcohols formed from grignard reagents?

What reactions do alkanes tend to undergo?

What reactions do alkenes tend to undergo?

What reactions do aromatic compounds tend to undergo?

What reactions do alcohols tend to undergo?

What reactions do halogenoalkanes tend to undergo?

What reactions do amines tend to undergo?

What reactions do nitriles tend to undergo?

What reactions do aldehydes tend to undergo?

What reactions do ketones tend to undergo?

What reactions do carboxylic acids tend to undergo?

What reactions do esters tend to undergo?

What reactions do acyl chlorides tend to undergo?

How would you form a halogenoalkane from and alkane?

How would you form a halogenoalkane from an alkene?

How would you form an alkene from a halogenoalkane?

How would you form an alkane from an alkene?

How would you form a dihalogenoalkane from an alkene?

How would you form a diol from an alkene?

How would you form an alcohol from an alkene?

How would you form an alkene from an alcohol?

How would you form an ester from an alcohol?

How would you form an alcohol from an ester?

How would you form a bromoalkane from an alcohol?

How would you form a chloroalkane from an alcohol?

How would you form an alcohol from a halogenoalkane?

How would you form a primary amine from a halogenoalkane?

How would you form a nitrile from a halogenoalkane?

How would you form a carboxylic acid from a halogenoalkane?

How would you form an iodoalkane from an alcohol?

How would you make an aldehyde or ketone from an alcohol?

How would you form an alcohol from an aldehyde/ketone?

How would you form a hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde/ketone?

How would you form a carboxylic acid from an alcohol?

How would you form a carboxylic acid from a ketone?

How would you form an alcohol from a carboxylic acid?

How would you form a primary amine from a nitrile?

How would you form a carboxylic acid from a nitrile?

How would you form an ester from a carboxylic acid?

How would you form a carboxylic acid from an ester?

How would you form an ester from an acyl chloride?

How would you form a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride?

How would you form an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid?

How would you form a primary amide from an acyl chloride?

How would you form an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride?

How would you form nitrobenzene from benzene?

How would you form phenylamine from nitrobenzene?

How would you form alkyl benzene from benzene?

How would you form a halobenzene from benzene?

How would you form phenylketone from benzene?

How would you form a bromophenol from a phenol?