Top-down Schemes:

Large scale - often part of national planning aims
Led by governments and government agencies; construction and engineering TNCs
Funded by the government via multilateral aid or bilateral aid
Tend to meet national needs in terms of energy or water supply, or transport and profit
High technology
Project types include electricity, transport, industry and infrastructure
Good for industry, urban dwellers and TNCs
Bad for the environment and rural people
E.g. Three Gorges Dam

Bottom-up Schemes:

Small scale - based in one community or area
Led by the community and NGOs - often partnership arrangements
Funded by local people and NGOs - donations or earned income recycled into the community
Tends to meet basic needs of food, health, education and water with small improvements on income
Project types include food production, water supply, small scale renewable energy
Good for local people and the environment
E.g. Rainwater harvesting Uganda

	Created by Caitlyn Grayston over 7 years ago

A-Level Geography (A Level Bridging The Development Gap) Note on Bridging the Development Gap, created by Caitlyn Grayston on 31/05/2017.