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Audrey Anderson
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PSY1011 Exam

Question 1 of 60

1

The "aha!" experience is known as ________.

Select one of the following:

  • latent learning

  • insight learning

  • cognitive restructuting

  • S-O-R learning

Explanation

Question 2 of 60

1

Which of the following statements regarding conditioned taste aversions is true?

Select one of the following:

  • The delay between the CS and UCS in a conditioned tasted aversion can be as long as six or even eight hours.

  • Conditioned taste aversions tend to be remarkably general, where an entire type of food will be found distasteful even after only one specific food causes an illness.

  • Conditioned taste aversions can be induced in human beings, but not in lower animals.

  • Repeated pairings between the CS and UCS are needed in order to establish a conditioned taste aversion.

Explanation

Question 3 of 60

1

The research into the usefulness of considering an individual's learning style has found which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • The visual learning style is most predictive of academic success.

  • People who have kinesthetic learning styles are less likely to do well in a classroom than people with visual or auditory learning styles.

  • Certain teaching approaches tend to be the most effective irrespective of individual learning styles.

  • People who have a read/write learning style tend to have higher "analytic intelligence", which in turn predicts more academic success at the college level.

Explanation

Question 4 of 60

1

Studies of latent learning emphasise the importance of ________ on learning.

Select one of the following:

  • experience

  • reinforcement

  • punishment

  • cognitive processes

Explanation

Question 5 of 60

1

You wake up at 3.00 am craving a glass of water. You get out of bed and walk to the kitchen but you do not turn on the light. Your ability to successfully navigate the house in the dark is due to the presence of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • insight learning

  • vicarious learning

  • a cognitive map

  • sleep learning

Explanation

Question 6 of 60

1

Which type of neuron becomes active when we engage in observational learning?

Select one of the following:

  • mirror neuron

  • receiving neuron

  • motor neuron

  • sensory neuron

Explanation

Question 7 of 60

1

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

Select one of the following:

  • Seligman

  • Bandura

  • Tolman

  • Kohler

Explanation

Question 8 of 60

1

Which of the following terms refers to the fact that animals and human beings may be evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli that threaten their survival?

Select one of the following:

  • preparedness

  • construct survival

  • emotional aversions

  • instinctive drift

Explanation

Question 9 of 60

1

What does SALTT stand for?

Select one of the following:

  • Symbiotic Approach to Learning Tactile Techniques

  • Suggestive Accelerative Learning and Teaching Techniques

  • Supplemental Administrative Learning and Teaching Tools

  • Shared Authority for Learning Times Tables

Explanation

Question 10 of 60

1

Sarah has recently learned that the sun does not go up and down each day, but that it is the Earth that moves. The fact that Sarah visualises the Earth moving up and down next to the sun each day (rather than orbiting the sun on its axis) demonstrates which Piagetian developmental task?

Select one of the following:

  • conservation

  • accomodation

  • assimilation

  • equilibriation

Explanation

Question 11 of 60

1

Julie is expected to cut the lawn weekly. Her parents only give her money once in a while after she cuts the lawn. Julie is being conditioned using a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Select one of the following:

  • partial

  • variable ratio

  • fixed ratio

  • continuous

Explanation

Question 12 of 60

1

In S-O-R learning, what does the "O" stand for?

Select one of the following:

  • observation

  • organism

  • obfuscation

  • operant

Explanation

Question 13 of 60

1

________ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs.

Select one of the following:

  • John Watson

  • Albert Bandura

  • Ivan Pavlov

  • B. F. Skinner

Explanation

Question 14 of 60

1

Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS—UCS linkage was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • generalisation

  • operant conditioning

  • higher-order conditioning

  • neoclassical conditioning

Explanation

Question 15 of 60

1

A reinforcer is a consequence that ________ a behaviour, while a punisher is a consequence that ________ a behaviour.

Select one of the following:

  • strengthens; weakens

  • inhibits; motivates

  • weakens; strengthens

  • motivates; stimulates

Explanation

Question 16 of 60

1

An animal trainer is trying to teach a lion to perform tricks for circus. First the lion is given food if he sits quietly on a chair. Next the lion is given food if he raises one paw. Finally the lion is given even more food if he gives the trainer a "high-five". In this example, the lion is being trained by ________.

Select one of the following:

  • negative reinforcement

  • shaping

  • punishment

  • generalisation

Explanation

Question 17 of 60

1

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behaviour is called ________.

Select one of the following:

  • discovery learning

  • effective based learning

  • operant conditioning

  • classical conditioning

Explanation

Question 18 of 60

1

Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats, but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence, Albert may learn to fear the rats. In this example, white rats would be the

Select one of the following:

  • CR

  • UCR

  • UCS

  • CS

Explanation

Question 19 of 60

1

Which of the following is true concerning intermittent schedules of reinforcement?

Select one of the following:

  • All combinations of intermittent schedules yield similar rates of responding.

  • Interval schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to ratio schedules.

  • Ratio schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to interval schedules.

  • Fixed schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to variable schedules.

Explanation

Question 20 of 60

1

Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?

Select one of the following:

  • The conditioned response is a reflex.

  • The conditioned response is an instinctual behaviour.

  • The conditioned response is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.

  • The conditioned response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus.

Explanation

Question 21 of 60

1

What method of personality assessment is considered the most controversial in psychology today?

Select one of the following:

  • Structured personality tests

  • Projective tests

  • Polygraph tests

  • Graphology

Explanation

Question 22 of 60

1

One concern with the use of structured personality tests, like the MMPI, is that certain questions do not appear to be relevant to the psychological dimensions they supposedly measure. A psychologist would say such questions have a low degree of ________.

Select one of the following:

  • face validity

  • internal consistency reliability

  • content validity

  • inter-rater reliability

Explanation

Question 23 of 60

1

According to your textbook, criminal profilers are

Select one of the following:

  • no more accurate and insightful than college students with no training in criminology.

  • more accurate and insightful than college students, but not any more accurate than clinical psychologists in their judgements.

  • much more accurate and insightful than college students with no training in criminology.

  • less accurate and insightful than both college students and clinical psychologists in their judgements.

Explanation

Question 24 of 60

1

The Luscher Colour Test, a popular projective test, is

Select one of the following:

  • not useful at all for assessing personalities.

  • actually harmful to those who take it.

  • useful for predicting future behaviours.

  • useful for predicting personality traits.

Explanation

Question 25 of 60

1

Tests consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret are called ________.

Select one of the following:

  • structured personality tests

  • face validity

  • projective tests

  • Rorschach tests

Explanation

Question 26 of 60

1

The ________ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.

Select one of the following:

  • TAT

  • NEO

  • Rorschach

  • MMPI

Explanation

Question 27 of 60

1

Many people believe in the validity of activities like palmistry, tarot card reading, and astrology. The evidence to support the usefulness of these activities as anything other than entertainment is virtually non-existent. This reminds you to consider which principle of critical thinking the next time you are at a carnival with a mind reader or a fortune teller?

Select one of the following:

  • replicability

  • extraordinary claims

  • falsifiability

  • ruling out rival hypotheses

Explanation

Question 28 of 60

1

When Kate read her horoscope for the day, she was amazed to find that it described her very well. She is probably a victim of

Select one of the following:

  • self-actualisation.

  • social desirability bias.

  • mental set bias.

  • the P.T. Barnum effect.

Explanation

Question 29 of 60

1

Quentin is suffering from a disorder that causes him to have problems recognising everyday objects. The other day he was looking at a wine glass and couldn't come up with its name. He said to his wife, "I want one of those things that you hold the wine in", but try as he did, he could not find the word "glass". This demonstrates a form of visual ________.

Select one of the following:

  • aphasia

  • ataxia

  • apraxia

  • agnosia

Explanation

Question 30 of 60

1

According to the opponent process theory of colour vision, the correct pairings of opposite colours are ________.

Select one of the following:

  • black versus white, red versus green, and blue versus yellow

  • greyscales, blue versus red, and green versus yellow

  • black versus gray and white versus coloured

  • blue versus green and red versus yellow

Explanation

Question 31 of 60

1

Brightness refers to the intensity of light. The corresponding term when discussing sound is

Select one of the following:

  • hue

  • pitch

  • loudness

  • timbre

Explanation

Question 32 of 60

1

The bony, spiral-shaped sense organ used for hearing is the

Select one of the following:

  • pinna

  • basilar membrane

  • timbre

  • cochlea

Explanation

Question 33 of 60

1

The part of the ear we see is called the

Select one of the following:

  • pinna

  • ossicle

  • tympanic membrane

  • cochlea

Explanation

Question 34 of 60

1

One theory of pitch perception is the ________ theory, which suggests that the rate at which neurons in the ear fire produces different pitches. This theory is particularly effective at explaining humans' perception of lower pitches.

Select one of the following:

  • place

  • opponent-process

  • frequency

  • volley

Explanation

Question 35 of 60

1

A whistle that gives a sound so high that it can only be heard by dogs, but not humans, exploits which aspect of the auditory system?

Select one of the following:

  • decibels

  • timbre

  • pitch

  • loudness

Explanation

Question 36 of 60

1

Pete has played lead guitar in a rock band for years. He would often turn the volume on his guitar up loud and spend a great deal of time in front of the speakers during the shows. His resulting hearing loss over the past few years is most likely the result of

Select one of the following:

  • noise-induced hearing loss

  • nerve deafness

  • tinnitus

  • conductive deafness

Explanation

Question 37 of 60

1

The complexity or quality of sound that makes instruments, voices, and other sources of sound unique is called

Select one of the following:

  • acuity

  • audition

  • wavelength

  • timbre

Explanation

Question 38 of 60

1

Research exploring infantile temperament has found that there are generally three different temperaments. They are

Select one of the following:

  • secure, insecure, and disorganised.

  • anxious, responsive, and relaxed.

  • easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up.

  • sensorimotor, preoperational, and operational.

Explanation

Question 39 of 60

1

According to Kohlberg, behaviour motivated by the avoidance of punishment and the gaining of rewards represents ________ morality.

Select one of the following:

  • formal conventional

  • conventional

  • preconventional

  • postconventional

Explanation

Question 40 of 60

1

Young Jamal is asked whether it is right for a police officer to give a speeding ticket to a man who is driving his daughter to the hospital after a serious injury that left her with several broken bones. Which of the following answers would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral reasoning in Jamal?

Select one of the following:

  • "Speeding is breaking the rules, and when you break the rules, you deserve to be punished."

  • "Everyone speeds and he has a good reason, so he shouldn't get a ticket."

  • "He broke the rules. He should get a ticket, but should have to pay less than someone who was speeding for no good reason."

  • "The man was trying to get his daughter to help, and he wasn't hurting anyone. As long as he doesn't normally speed, he should be let off with a warning."

Explanation

Question 41 of 60

1

Sixteen-year old Brenda's parents are political conservatives, while she identifies more with liberal political views. When asked her political orientation, Brenda seems uncertain and does not respond. Brenda is dealing with the ________ crisis.

Select one of the following:

  • industry versus inferiority

  • identity versus role confusion

  • ego integrity versus despair

  • autonomy versus shame and doubt

Explanation

Question 42 of 60

1

Bertram is a surly child who can't bear to be alone, yet he has few friends because he has little self-control. Even the children he prefers to be with, who are much younger than he is, get frustrated with his impulsiveness. His parents are probably of the ________ type.

Select one of the following:

  • authoritarian

  • permissive

  • authoritative

  • uninvolved

Explanation

Question 43 of 60

1

An individual's ability to handle their given roles in society is called their ________ age, and it may be a better indicator of that person's readiness to retire from work then chronological age.

Select one of the following:

  • social

  • biological

  • functional

  • psychological

Explanation

Question 44 of 60

1

Which one of the following children would most likely be described as "independent"?

Select one of the following:

  • Jeremiah, who has a disorganised attachment to his mother

  • James, who has an insecure-avoidant attachment to his mother

  • Jerome, who has a secure attachment to his mother

  • Jesse, who has an insecure-anxious attachment to his mother

Explanation

Question 45 of 60

1

Which of the following is not one of the dimensions of the Big Five?

Select one of the following:

  • extraversion

  • sociability

  • openness to experience

  • conscientiousness

Explanation

Question 46 of 60

1

Jayne is a 26-month-old toddler. She is most likely in the ________ stage.

Select one of the following:

  • anal

  • genital

  • oral

  • phallic

Explanation

Question 47 of 60

1

Most of the neo-Freudians agreed with Freud's ideas on

Select one of the following:

  • the unconscious influences on behaviour.

  • our inborn, basic destructive impulses.

  • the important roles of sexuality and aggression in personality development.

  • the importance of later adult experiences influencing personality development.

Explanation

Question 48 of 60

1

According to the humanists, a core motive in human personality development was

Select one of the following:

  • resolving internal motivational conflict.

  • self-actualisation

  • conditional acceptance.

  • achieving desired behavioural contingencies.

Explanation

Question 49 of 60

1

Justin is working on his psychology assignment for class when he gets a phone call inviting him to a party. His decision to finish the assignment before going to the party reflects the functioning of the ________.

Select one of the following:

  • conscious

  • id

  • superego

  • ego

Explanation

Question 50 of 60

1

The role of reciprocal determinism was highlighted by the ________.

Select one of the following:

  • social learning theorists

  • trait theorists

  • behaviourists

  • humanists

Explanation

Question 51 of 60

1

A ________ is a specialised cell responsible for converting external stimuli into neural activity for a specific sensory system.

Select one of the following:

  • selective attention

  • sense receptor

  • cell sensor

  • sensory adaptation

Explanation

Question 52 of 60

1

Jordan and her friends are in the front row for a rock concert. During the concert, the lead singer moves all around the stage but Jordan continues to perceive him as the same height even though the image received in her eye and brain constantly changes. This illustrates which type of perceptual constancy?

Select one of the following:

  • Location constancy

  • Size constancy

  • Shape constancy

  • Colour constancy

Explanation

Question 53 of 60

1

Which of the following is the best example of the signal-to-noise ratio?

Select one of the following:

  • Bobby is shouting at the neighbour's dog that is digging up his yard.

  • Robyn has to shout over the boisterous crowd at the football game to be heard

  • While listening to the television, Kate is also reading her textbook.

  • Lisa has to listen very carefully to hear her friend talking in the car.

Explanation

Question 54 of 60

1

Jan can see objects well up close, but they appear blurry from afar. She is probably

Select one of the following:

  • farsighted

  • developing a cataract

  • colour blind

  • nearsighted

Explanation

Question 55 of 60

1

A blind spot is a part of the visual field we can't see, where the ________ connects to the ________.

Select one of the following:

  • optic nerve; sclera

  • cornea; iris

  • optic nerve; retina

  • retina; pupil

Explanation

Question 56 of 60

1

When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ________.

Select one of the following:

  • divergence

  • interposition

  • convergence

  • binocular disparity

Explanation

Question 57 of 60

1

As the number of people talking in a room increases, the stimulus intensity needed to detect a change in the number of people talking becomes

Select one of the following:

  • same

  • finer

  • greater

  • smaller

Explanation

Question 58 of 60

1

The white part of the eye is the

Select one of the following:

  • sclera

  • retina

  • fovea

  • pupil

Explanation

Question 59 of 60

1

Stanton is taking chemistry with Ms Neville and has heard many negative stories about her class from his friends. The fact that his beliefs about Ms Neville affect his interpretation of his interactions with her during the school year is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • top-down processing

  • subliminal processing.

  • parallel processing.

  • bottom-up processing.

Explanation

Question 60 of 60

1

Functionalism seeks to explain

Select one of the following:

  • The building blocks of psychological experience

  • What people are thinking as they complete various tasks

  • The evolutionary advantages certain behaviours can provide

  • How physical advantages further evolution

Explanation

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