NM1 Exam 2

Question 1 of 53

1

What angle should the ankle be at in initial contact?

Select one of the following:

0-Degrees
30-Degrees
45-Degrees
90-Degrees

Explanation

Question 2 of 53

1

If an unexpected obstacle popped up out of the floor what type of postural control would a patient use?

Select one of the following:

Adaptive
Anticipatory
Intrinsic
Extrinsic

Explanation

Question 3 of 53

1

Which strategy occurs in response to a small perturbation on a firm support surface?

Select one of the following:

Ankle Strategy
Hip Strategy
Stepping Strategy

Explanation

Question 4 of 53

1

Which order do the muscles fire in an ankle strategy?

Select one of the following:

Distal to Proximal
Proximal to Distal

Explanation

Question 5 of 53

1

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the ANKLE strategy used in response to a FORWARD-induced sway (aka forward-sway, anterior sway, made to move forward)?

Select one of the following:

Gastrocnemius -> Hamstrings -> Paraspinals
Paraspinals -> Hamstrings -> Gastroncnemius
Gastrocnemius -> Quadriceps - > Paraspinals
Paraspinals -> Quadriceps -> Gastroncnemius
Gastrocnemius -> Quadriceps - > Abdominals
Abdominals -> Quadriceps -> Gastroncnemius
Gastrocnemius -> Hamstrings -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Hamstrings -> Gastroncnemius

Explanation

Question 6 of 53

1

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the ANKLE strategy used in response to a BACKWARD-induced sway (aka backward-sway, posterior-sway, made to move backward)?

Select one of the following:

Tibialis Anterior -> Quadriceps -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Quadriceps -> Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Anterior -> Hamstrings -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Hamstrings -> Tibialis Anterior
Gastrocnemius -> Quadriceps -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Quadriceps -> Gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius -> Hamstrings -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Hamstrings -> Gastrocnemius

Explanation

Question 7 of 53

1

Which strategy occurs in response to larger or faster perturbations, or when the support surface is compliant (i.e. soft), or very narrow (i.e. a balance beam).

Select one of the following:

Ankle Strategy
Hip Strategy
Stepping Strategy

Explanation

Question 8 of 53

1

Which direction do the muscles fire in a hip strategy?

Select one of the following:

proximal to distal
distal to proximal

Explanation

Question 9 of 53

1

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the HIP strategy used in response to a BACKWARD-induced sway (aka backward-sway, posterior-sway, made to move backward)?

Select one of the following:

Paraspinals -> Hamstrings
Hamstrings -> Paraspinals
Paraspinals -> Quadriceps
Quadriceps -> Paraspinals
Paraspinals -> Gluteals
Gluteals -> Quadriceps
Hamstrings -> Gluteals

Explanation

Question 10 of 53

1

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the HIP strategy used in response to a FORWARD-induced sway (aka forward-sway, anterior sway, made to move forward)?

Select one of the following:

Abdominals -> Quadriceps
Quadriceps -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Hamstrings
Hamstrings -> Abdominals

Explanation

Question 11 of 53

1

Which postural strategy utilizes UE movements

Select one of the following:

Ankle Strategy
Hip Strategy
Stepping Strategy
All of the Above
None of the Above

Explanation

Question 12 of 53

1

If the necessary musculature for a given strategy is significantly weak (weak ankle or trunk musculature), a stepping strategy may be employed instead.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 53

1

If someone were standing on a foam-pad and they were pushed forward what muscles would they recruit to prevent LOB? Which strategy is this?

Select one or more of the following:

Abdominals -> Quadriceps
Hip Strategy
Ankle Strategy
Quadriceps -> Abdominals
Stepping Strategy
Gastrocnemius -> Hamstrings -> Paraspinals
Paraspinals -> Hamstrings -> Gastrocnemius
Paraspinals -> Hamstrings
Tibialis Anterior -> Quadriceps -> Abdominals

Explanation

Question 14 of 53

1

If you were to nudge a patient on his sternum in a posterior direction on a firm surface what postural strategy do you think he might use? What muscles would be activated (in order of activation) to prevent a LOB?

Select one or more of the following:

Ankle Strategy - Posterior Sway
Tibialis Anterior -> Quadriceps -> Abdominals
Abdominals -> Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius -> Hamstrings -> Paraspinals
Paraspinals -> Hamstrings
Abdominals -> Quadriceps -> Tibialis Anterior
Quadriceps -> Abdominals
Paraspinals -> Hamstrings -> Gastrocnemius

Explanation

Question 15 of 53

1

If you were to ask a patient to stand on a piece of foam what sensory system(s) would be providing inaccurate information for postural control? What system(s) would be providing accurate information?

Select one or more of the following:

Inaccurate: Somatosensory
Accurate: Vestibular
Inaccurate: Vestibular
Inaccurate: Visual
Accurate: Visual
Accurate: Somatosensory

Explanation

Question 16 of 53

1

Which test(s) would you use to test somatosensation, vision, and the vestibular system?

Select one or more of the following:

Sensory Organization Test (SOT)
Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB)
Berg Balance Test
Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG)

Explanation

Question 17 of 53

1

Which system do young children typically rely upon for balance?

Select one of the following:

Vision
somatosensation
vestibular

Explanation

Question 18 of 53

1

Which of the following conditions is most likely to have scaling difficulties with the postural synergies?

Select one of the following:

Parkinson's Disease
Lesion of Cerebellum
Traumatic Brain Injury
Stroke
Multiple Sclerosis

Explanation

Question 19 of 53

1

Which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate coactivation of the postural synergies?

Select one of the following:

Parkinson's Disease
Lesion of Cerebellum
Multiple Sclerosis
Stroke
Traumatic Brain Injury

Explanation

Question 20 of 53

1

Which of the following tests assess anticipatory postural control?

Select one or more of the following:

TUG
Berg Balance
Romberg
Functional Reach Test
Dynamic Balance Test
Timed 10-meter Walk Test
6-min Walk Test
Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)
Box and Block Test
Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT)

Explanation

Question 21 of 53

1

If an individual has an inferior shoulder subluxation, what is the position of the humerus, humeral head, and scapula?

Select one or more of the following:

Humeral Head is below the inferior lip of the glenoid fossa
Humerus is in internal rotation
Scapula is depressed and downwardly rotated, with the inferior angle of the scapula winging
Scapula is depressed and upwardly rotated, with the inferior angle of the scapula winging
Humeral Head is behind the posterior lip of the glenoid fossa
Humeral Head is in front of the anterior lip of the glenoid fossa

Explanation

Question 22 of 53

1

Select the Intrinsic Causes of Shoulder Subluxation.

Select one or more of the following:

Trunk – Joint Malalignment
Imbalance of Muscle Activation
Weakness
Tone Abnormalities
Soft Tissue Extensibility
Positioning
Handling
Assistive Devices

Explanation

Question 23 of 53

1

Which of the following are in agreement with Fitts' Law?

Select one or more of the following:

Assuming a static distance, if target size decreases, the time to reach it increases.
Assuming a static distance, if target size increases, the time to reach it increases.
Assuming a static target size, if distance increases, the time to reach it increases.
Assuming a static target size, if distance decreases, the time to reach it increases.
Movement time is a function of the distance to the target and the accuracy needed to hit the target.
There is a positive correlation between movement precision, movement distance, and movement time.
There is a negative correlation between movement precision, movement distance, and movement time.

Explanation

Question 24 of 53

1

What are the 2 requirements for a successful grasp?

Select one or more of the following:

Hand must be adapted to the shape, size, and use of the object.
Finger movements must be timed so that they close around the object at the appropriate moment.
Subject must be strong enough to lift the object.
Subject must be able to see the object in order to grasp it successfully.

Explanation

Question 25 of 53

1

Moving the arm into shoulder flexion or abduction without proper scapulohumeral rhythm, may cause which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Shoulder Subluxation
Shoulder Impingement

Explanation

Question 26 of 53

1

Without proper scapulohumeral rhythm, which of the following motions are likely to cause shoulder impingement?

Select one or more of the following:

Shoulder Flexion
Shoulder AB-Duction
Shoulder Extension
Shoulder AD-Duction
Shoulder Internal Rotation
Shoulder External Rotation

Explanation

Question 27 of 53

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Action Research Arm, Box and Block, Wolf Motor Function ) Test - Assesses upper limb functioning using observational methods
( Box and Block, Wolf Motor Function, Action Research Arm ) Test - Assesses unilateral gross manual dexterity
( Wolf Motor Function, Action Research Arm, Box and Block ) Test - Quantitative measure of upper extremity motor ability through timed and functional tasks.

Explanation

Question 28 of 53

1

What neurological diagnosis do you think is likely to have motor adaptation problems?

Select one of the following:

Stroke
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson's Disease
Traumatic Brain Injury
Lesion of the Cerebellum

Explanation

Question 29 of 53

1

Hypermetric scaling is likely to result from which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Lesion of the Cerebellum
Traumatic Brain Injury
Parkinson's Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Stroke

Explanation

Question 30 of 53

1

What neurologic condition will result in delayed initiation of reaching tasks?

Select one of the following:

Parkinson's Disease
Traumatic Brain Injury
Lesion of the Cerebellum
Multiple Sclerosis
Stroke

Explanation

Question 31 of 53

1

In a reach-and-grasp task, which of the following elements is most important for the accuracy of the movement?

Select one of the following:

Visual Feedback
Proprioceptive Feedback
Somatosensory Feedback
Speed of Movement
Distance to Object

Explanation

Question 32 of 53

1

Which of the following may cause shoulder pain?

Select one or more of the following:

Loss of scapulohumeral rhythm
Inadequate external rotation of the humerus during flexion and abduction leading to impingement
Lack of the downward gliding movement of the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa resulting in impingement
Inferior Shoulder Subluxation

Explanation

Question 33 of 53

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Progression, Stability, Adaptation ): Rhythmic patterns of muscle activation advance the body in the desired direction. Also includes the ability to initiate, terminate and guide movement in a desired direction.
( Stability, Adaptation, Progression ): The ability to maintain upright posture against gravity and against perturbations (expected and unexpected) during gait.
( Adaptation, Progression, Stability ): The ability to alter the gait pattern to meet the demands of the environment (negotiating obstacles, uneven terrain, and altering speed and direction).

Explanation

Question 34 of 53

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Step Length, Stride Length, Step Width ) - The distance from initial contact of one foot to initial contact of the other foot.
( Stride Length, Step Width, Step Length ) - The distance covered from initial contact of one foot to the following initial contact by the same foot.
( Step Width, Step Length, Stride Length ) - Horizontal distance between the middle heel of one foot and the middle heel of the opposite foot
( Cadence, Gait Velocity ) - The number of steps per unit of time (112.5 per minute or 1.9 steps/second)
( Gait Velocity, Cadence ) - The average horizontal speed of the body.

Explanation

Question 35 of 53

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Temporal Cortex, Parietal Lobe, Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia, Motor Cortex, Cerebellum ) - ID what an object is
( Parietal Lobe, Cerebellum, Temporal Cortex, Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia, Motor Cortex ) - ID where an object is
( Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia, Motor Cortex, Cerebellum, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Cortex ) - Modify and Refine Movement
( Motor Cortex, Temporal Cortex, Cerebellum, Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia, Parietal Lobe ) - Activates motor pathways according to movement plan
( Cerebellum, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Cortex, Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia, Motor Cortex ) - Error Detection/Correction during movement

Explanation

Question 36 of 53

1

While moving both arms towards targets of identical size and distance, one arm had to mover over a hurdle, but the other did not. Movement time increased for both arms. Why?

Select one of the following:

Temporal Assimilation
Spatial Assimilation
Bimanual Timing

Explanation

Question 37 of 53

1

While moving both arms towards targets of identical size and distance, one arm had to move over a hurdle, but the other did not. The movement trajectory increased for the arm moving over the hurdle, but so did the trajectory for the other arm. Why?

Select one of the following:

Bimanual Timing
Spatial Assimilation
Temporal Assimilation

Explanation

Question 38 of 53

1

Limbs like to time movement together, either in-phase or out-of-phase. Why?

Select one of the following:

Bimanual Timing
Spatial Assimilation
Temporal Assimilation

Explanation

Question 39 of 53

1

According the Sensory Organization test (SOT/ CTSIB) which of the following conditions isolates the vestibular system:

Select one of the following:

Standing, platform fixed, eyes blindfolded
Standing, platform fixed, visual box surrounding subject is fixed, eyes open
Standing, platform tilts, eyes blindfolded
Standing, platform tilts, visual box surrounding subject is fixed, eyes open

Explanation

Question 40 of 53

1

You are standing in soft sand with your feet together when your friend unexpectedly pushes you forward? To prevent a loss of balance you respond with the following muscle activation pattern (in order of recruitment):

Select one of the following:

Abdominals, quadriceps
Abdominals, quadriceps, tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius, hamstrings, paraspinals
Hamstrings, paraspinals

Explanation

Question 41 of 53

1

Individuals with co-activation of the postural synergies most likely have a lesion in which area of the central nervous system:

Select one of the following:

Basal Ganglia
Cerebellum
Dorsal Columns
Internal Capsule

Explanation

Question 42 of 53

1

You are standing in the dark on a pillow, in order to maintain postural stability your CNS is primarily relying on your:

Select one of the following:

Limbic system
Somatosensory system
Vestibular system
Visual system

Explanation

Question 43 of 53

1

You are walking through the forest when you unexpectedly trip on a tree root requiring you to employ a postural strategy to prevent you from falling down? This is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Feedback control
Feedforward control
Self-initiated control

Explanation

Question 44 of 53

1

While walking with your patient, she encounters a freshly mopped floor? Prior to stepping onto the wet surface, she slows her walking and begins taking short, shuffling steps? Which of the following best describes your observations?

Select one of the following:

Her hip flexors are fatigued and her step length is therefore reduced
She is using adaptive, feed-back strategies to modify her gait
She is using anticipatory strategies to modify her gait
She is using her central pattern generator to adapt her walking to the environment

Explanation

Question 45 of 53

1

A Trendelenberg gait pattern is the _gait pattern due to .

Select one of the following:

Compensatory; hip adductor tightness
Compensatory; hip extensor tightness
Resultant; hip abductor weakness
Resultant; hip flexor weakness

Explanation

Question 46 of 53

1

Which of the following best explains why the pelvis rotates forward during gait?

Select one of the following:

To minimize medial-lateral displacement
To minimize the knee extension at initial contact
To minimize vertical displacement and energy expenditure
To prevent knee buckling and minimize the required ankle DF at initial contact

Explanation

Question 47 of 53

1

During stance, individuals with hip extensor weakness compensate by:

Select one of the following:

Circumducting the leg during the swing phase
Leaning their trunk forward (anteriorly)
Using a posterior trunk lean to minimize muscle activation
Vaulting to minimize use of the involved leg

Explanation

Question 48 of 53

1

Which muscle group controls the knee from the end of the loading response to midstance (i.e. from 15 degrees of flexion to 0 degrees of flexion)?

Select one of the following:

Co-contraction of knee flexors/ extensors
Concentric knee extensors
Eccentric knee extensors
Eccentric knee flexors

Explanation

Question 49 of 53

1

Which of the following is the correct order of events for a normal reach and grasp?

Select one of the following:

Eye movement to locate object, head turning, arm transport, hand pre-shaping, grasp
Eye movement to locate object, head turning, hand pre-shaping during arm transport, grasp
Head turning to locate object, eye movement & vision to identify what and where, hand pre-shaping, arm transport, grasp
Head turning, eye movement & vision to identify what and where, hand pre-shaping during arm transport, grasp

Explanation

Question 50 of 53

1

Your patient's right arm is weaker than her left arm. During bimanual tasks you observe that the right arm is able to move faster (more like the left arm) than when the arm is moved individually? This is known as:

Select one of the following:

Movement assimilation
Spatial assimilation
Temporal assimilation
Trajectory assimilation

Explanation

Question 51 of 53

1

During examination of UE control, you observe your patient reach for an object. The patient exhibits slow movement and movement decomposition to reach the object. When asked to reach quickly, the patient over-shoots the object. Strength testing reveals good to normal UE strength. Sensation is intact. Where is this lesion?

Select one of the following:

Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Corticospinal tracts
Peripheral nerve

Explanation

Question 52 of 53

1

Which of the following is true regarding shoulder subluxation?

Select one of the following:

Pain is one of the first symptoms of a subluxed shoulder
Shoulder subluxation can be caused by weakness and abnormalities of tone
After stroke, shoulder subluxation can be caused by a tear in the labrum
Shoulder subluxation is rare and takes months to develop

Explanation

Question 53 of 53

1

Which of the following is true regarding examination and treatment of shoulder dysfunction?

Select one of the following:

An inferior subluxation is measured in centimeters to objectively document the amount of subluxation
It is important to examine trunk posture in persons with shoulder dysfunction
Patients with subluxation should immobilize their shoulder to prevent further dysfunction
Slings should not be used when gait training with persons with shoulder dysfunction

	Created by Ben Williams over 7 years ago

USA - NM1 Quiz on NM1 Exam 2, created by Ben Williams on 12/07/2017.

Question 1 of 53

What angle should the ankle be at in initial contact?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 53

If an unexpected obstacle popped up out of the floor what type of postural control would a patient use?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 53

Which strategy occurs in response to a small perturbation on a firm support surface?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 53

Which order do the muscles fire in an ankle strategy?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 53

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the ANKLE strategy used in response to a FORWARD-induced sway (aka forward-sway, anterior sway, made to move forward)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 53

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the ANKLE strategy used in response to a BACKWARD-induced sway (aka backward-sway, posterior-sway, made to move backward)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 53

Which strategy occurs in response to larger or faster perturbations, or when the support surface is compliant (i.e. soft), or very narrow (i.e. a balance beam).

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 53

Which direction do the muscles fire in a hip strategy?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 53

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the HIP strategy used in response to a BACKWARD-induced sway (aka backward-sway, posterior-sway, made to move backward)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 53

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the HIP strategy used in response to a FORWARD-induced sway (aka forward-sway, anterior sway, made to move forward)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 53

Which postural strategy utilizes UE movements

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 53

If the necessary musculature for a given strategy is significantly weak (weak ankle or trunk musculature), a stepping strategy may be employed instead.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 53

If someone were standing on a foam-pad and they were pushed forward what muscles would they recruit to prevent LOB? Which strategy is this?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 53

If you were to nudge a patient on his sternum in a posterior direction on a firm surface what postural strategy do you think he might use? What muscles would be activated (in order of activation) to prevent a LOB?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 53

If you were to ask a patient to stand on a piece of foam what sensory system(s) would be providing inaccurate information for postural control? What system(s) would be providing accurate information?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 53

Which test(s) would you use to test somatosensation, vision, and the vestibular system?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 53

Which system do young children typically rely upon for balance?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 53

Which of the following conditions is most likely to have scaling difficulties with the postural synergies?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 53

Which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate coactivation of the postural synergies?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 53

Which of the following tests assess anticipatory postural control?