Anesthesia Questions of the Day

1

Which causes of hypoxemia will NOT improve with increasing FiO2?

1

Carotid bodies located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery respond primarily to which parameter as a mechanism for chemical control of ventilation?

1

A 55-year-old man with colon cancer undergoes an open colectomy under general anesthesia. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of a 1oC decrease in core temperature during the first hour of anesthesia?

1

A 33-year-old critically ill woman develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by a non-fermenting gram-negative rod. For how long should she be maintained on appropriate antibiotics?

1

The sensory nerves that innervate the anterior abdominal wall are located in a fascial plane between which muscle layers?

1

A femoral nerve block is MOST appropriate for which of the following surgical procedures:

1

You are providing the anesthetic for a 55-year-old man with end stage renal disease undergoing a parathyroidectomy. After surgery is completed, he is extubated but quickly develops acute airway obstruction necessitating reintubation. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for his airway compromise?

1

You are caring for a 40-year-old woman undergoing a thyroidectomy for Graves’ thyroid disease. In the recovery room, she develops sinus tachycardia to 135 beats per minute, a temperature increase from 36.6°C preoperatively to 38.9°C, and you note that she is difficult to arouse and has twitching movements. Which of the following is the BEST initial intervention?

1

The definition of functional residual capacity (FRC) is:

1

General anesthesia decreases functional residual capacity by what percentage?

1

The effect of hypercarbia on oxygenation is BEST explained by which of the following:

1

Physiologic effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) include an:

1

Which of the following BEST explains the shorter duration of action of single bolus of alfentanil relative to an equipotent bolus of fentanyl?

1

The postretrobulbar block apnea syndrome:

1

Which of the following is LEAST likely to exacerbate pulmonary hypertension?

1

The arteria radicularis magna, or artery of Adamkiewicz, most commonly arises from:

1

A 76-year-old man is scheduled for a hemicolectomy. His past medical history is significant for third degree heart block treated with a permanent pacemaker. Problems with electrocautery use in this patient can be minimized by:

1

Which of the following is the MOST likely result of a new ulnar neuropathy in a patient?

1

The most severe transfusion reactions are due to:

1

You observe a regional wall motion abnormality in area indicated by the arrow. What coronary artery MOST likely supplies this part of the heart?

1

At what point in the cardiac cycle is left ventricular volume at its lowest?

1

At what point in the cardiac cycle is left ventricular volume at its lowest?

1

Intracranial hypertension is defined as a sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) above:

1

What are the three terminal branches of the posterior tibial nerve?

1

Cholinesterase inhibitors that freely cross the blood-brain barrier include:

1

The perception of an ordinarily non-noxious stimulus as pain is referred to as:

1

A 72-year-old man with an acoustic neuroma is undergoing a craniotomy in the sitting position. The patient acutely develops hypotension and tachycardia. The ETCO2 is 12 mmHg and an ABG reveals a PaCO2 of 43 mmHg. Which of the following represent the most likely cause of the PaCO2 to ETCO2 gradient?

1

A 74-year-old woman undergoing an exploratory laparotomy and has blood pressure 60/40 mmHg and heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Based on the intraoperative TEE below (which shows severe aortic insufficiency), what would be the MOST appropriate drug to treat her hypotension?

1

Ninety percent of congenital diaphragmatic hernias occur:

1

You are performing a transversus abdominis plane block. What is the inferior border of the Triangle of Petit?

1

When performing a landmark-based thoracic paravertebral block, which transverse process is contacted when the needle is inserted at the level of the T5 spinous process?

1

Pathophysiologic factors affecting the anesthetic management of patients with hypothyroidism include:

1

Airway obstruction caused by the tongue falling posteriorly against the wall of the pharynx is secondary to relaxation of the:

1

What bony surface landmarks are used for classical posterior approach to sciatic nerve blockade?

1

A 70-year-old woman develops paraplegia after the repair of an open descending thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

1

The most frequent manifestation of sickle cell disease is:

1

The effects of barbiturates on ischemic areas of the brain include:

1

A left ventricular pressure-volume loop is displayed below. Which cardiac valvular disease is MOST likely characterized by the red pressure-volume loop?

1

What is MOST sensitive marker or symptom for detecting a pheochromocytoma?

1

Which of the following syndromes is NOT associated with a pheochromocytoma?

1

Which of the following syndromes is NOT associated with a pheochromocytoma?

1

Venous irritation associated with the injection of diazepam and lorazepam is secondary to:

1

A left ventricular pressure-volume loop is displayed below. Which cardiac valvular disease is MOST likely characterized by the red pressure-volume loop?

1

Which of the following is MOST likely a complication of using EMLA cream for topical analgesia?

1

Correct statements regarding cerebral metabolism include:

1

Portal hypertension is defined as sustained portal vein pressure greater than:

1

What is the maximum cuff pressure in a tracheostomy cuff?

1

What is the phenomenon that MOST likely causes the sciatic nerve to appear severed in this image?

1

In the graph of cerebral blood flow below, PaO2 would best be represented by curve:

1

A 33-year-old man with a pheochromocytoma presents for operative resection. Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of pretreatment with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (metyrosine)?

1

In patients with a history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, intraoperative management should include:

1

A 74-year-old woman undergoing an exploratory laparotomy and has blood pressure 60/40 mmHg and heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Based on the intraoperative TEE that shows severe aortic insufficiency, what would be the MOST appropriate drug to treat her hypotension?

1

What mode of mechanical ventilation is MOST characterized by constant pressure throughout inspiration, allowing both controlled breaths and assisted breaths (with pressure support), as well as a set tidal volume?

1

In patients receiving vecuronium, the greatest augmentation of neuromuscular blockade is seen with the use of:

1

What mode of mechanical ventilation is MOST characterized by a requirement for the operator to set the percentage of required minute ventilation to be supported? The ventilator then automatically determines the respiratory rate and tidal volume required to provide the minimum minute ventilation should the patient not achieve that on his or her own.

1

Maternal mortality associated with amniotic fluid embolization is:

1

A 10-year-old obese boy is in the recovery room after undergoing a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. The majority of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages are MOST likely to occur within what time period following surgery?

1

Dextran 40 has been shown to improve microcirculation by:

1

The highest level of protein binding is seen with:

1

A 2-year-old, 11 kg boy is scheduled for cleft lip repair. You successfully intubate the patient with a 4.5 endotracheal tube and confirm bilateral breath sounds. Which change in patient positioning from the supine position would be MOST likely to increase the likelihood of endobronchial intubation?

1

What does 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) contain?

1

The highest rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetic is seen with

1

Absolute contraindications to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) include:

1

Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities occurs MOST commonly with hydrochlorothiazide and is paired with the BEST choice for treatment?

1

In the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine receptor binding sites are found on the:

1

A 65-year-old woman with rheumatic mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, and pulmonary hypertension has undergone combined mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair surgery. She has low systemic vascular resistance with arterial blood pressure 80/40 mmHg after separation from bypass but her pulmonary arterial blood pressure continues to be elevated at 60/30 mmHg. She is receiving milrinone and epinephrine by infusion. Which of the following medications would provide the MOST favorable conditions to increase systemic blood pressure but not worsen pulmonary hypertension?

1

Oxygen 100 mL/min is bubbled through a vaporizer containing an anesthetic with a vapor pressure of 253 mmHg. This mixture is added to a fresh gas flow of 5 L/min. The delivered anesthetic concentration is:

1

In the fetus, the percentage of cardiac output directed to the placenta is approximately:

1

Which of the following drugs is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery?

1

You are anesthetizing a 60-year-old woman for coronary artery bypass surgery. After completion of the surgery, her left ventricular function is hyperdynamic on TEE, her cardiac output is increased to 6 liters/minute but her blood pressure is 85/50 mmHg. Due to her left ventricular hypertrophy you want to increase her blood pressure to maintain end organ perfusion. Which of the following agents would be the BEST choice at this time to achieve these goals?

1

A fresh E-cylinder of oxygen:

1

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of a new neurologic deficit following a carotid endarterectomy?

1

The elimination half-life of intravenously administered oxytocin in the parturient is approximately:

1

A 40-year-old woman has undergone mitral valve surgery for mitral regurgitation. She has been given vasopressin by infusion for systemic hypotension. Which of the following is the CORRECT mechanism of action by which vasopressin improves systemic blood pressure?

1

Pathophysiologic factors affecting the anesthetic management of patients with hypothyroidism include:

1

When performing a landmark-based thoracic paravertebral block, which transverse process is contacted when the needle is inserted at the level of the T5 spinous process?

1

During hip replacement surgery, cardiopulmonary changes associated with the application of acrylic bone cement include: (Select 3)

1

All of the following changes in pulmonary physiology occur with aging EXCEPT:

1

A healthy 28-year-old male fell 8 feet from a ladder and suffered a small calcaneal fracture. An incision from the heel to the midfoot is planned. The anesthetic plan calls for an ankle block. Blocking which nerve is MOST important for this surgery?

1

The formation of active metabolites has NOT been associated with the use of:

1

Which of the following comorbidities MOST increase the risk of central postoperative apnea in a preterm infant?

1

A 75-year-old man with coronary artery disease and ejection fraction of 25% has just undergone CABG surgery and is receiving milrinone and epinephrine to improve left ventricular function. Milrinone acts by which of the following mechanisms?

1

The rate of seroconversion after exposure of mucous membranes to HIV-infected blood is approximately:

1

A 70-year-old woman is started on maintenance therapy with amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. She develops cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation and fatigue. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for her symptoms?

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Anesthesia Questions of the Day

Which causes of hypoxemia will NOT improve with increasing FiO2?

Carotid bodies located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery respond primarily to which parameter as a mechanism for chemical control of ventilation?

A 55-year-old man with colon cancer undergoes an open colectomy under general anesthesia. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of a 1oC decrease in core temperature during the first hour of anesthesia?

A 33-year-old critically ill woman develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by a non-fermenting gram-negative rod. For how long should she be maintained on appropriate antibiotics?

The sensory nerves that innervate the anterior abdominal wall are located in a fascial plane between which muscle layers?

A femoral nerve block is MOST appropriate for which of the following surgical procedures:

The definition of functional residual capacity (FRC) is:

General anesthesia decreases functional residual capacity by what percentage?

The effect of hypercarbia on oxygenation is BEST explained by which of the following:

Physiologic effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) include an:

Which of the following BEST explains the shorter duration of action of single bolus of alfentanil relative to an equipotent bolus of fentanyl?

The postretrobulbar block apnea syndrome:

Which of the following is LEAST likely to exacerbate pulmonary hypertension?

The arteria radicularis magna, or artery of Adamkiewicz, most commonly arises from:

A 76-year-old man is scheduled for a hemicolectomy. His past medical history is significant for third degree heart block treated with a permanent pacemaker. Problems with electrocautery use in this patient can be minimized by:

Which of the following is the MOST likely result of a new ulnar neuropathy in a patient?

The most severe transfusion reactions are due to:

You observe a regional wall motion abnormality in area indicated by the arrow. What coronary artery MOST likely supplies this part of the heart?