Adolescence Pathology

What is the parts of the axilla?

The axilla is the area below the [blank_start]glenohumeral[blank_end] joint.

Which of these go through the axilla?

According to the degree of arm [blank_start]abduction[blank_end], the size of the axilla differs.

When the arm is most fully abducted, the axilla is the smallest.

Which of these are exit passages for structures within the axilla?

3 structures pass through the axilla. The [blank_start]cephalic[blank_end] [blank_start]vein[blank_end] goes into the axilla. The [blank_start]medial[blank_end] [blank_start]pectoral[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] and the [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] [blank_start]pectoral[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] exit out of the axilla.

When the structures within the apex (nerves and blood vessels) become compressed, this is known as the [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] [blank_start]outlet[blank_end] [blank_start]syndrome[blank_end].

How might thoracic outlet syndrome present?

What are possible causes for thoracic outlet syndrome?

If there is breast cancer, the lymph would drain into the [blank_start]axillary[blank_end] [blank_start]nodes[blank_end]. This is why if there is breast cancer, we remove them as soon as possible. This is known as [blank_start]axillary[blank_end] [blank_start]clearance[blank_end]. A risk of this procedure is hurting the [blank_start]thoracic[blank_end] nerve, which would mainfest via a [blank_start]winged[blank_end] [blank_start]scapula[blank_end].

Growth hormone is released in a pulsatile fashion.

Which of these experience an increased release of growth hormone?

Somatostatin is almost like an anti-growth hormone.

Increased levels of Insulin-like growth factors in the blood will lead to a reduction in growth hormone.

Hypothalamus: [blank_start]Growth[blank_end] [blank_start]Hormone[blank_end] [blank_start]Regulating[blank_end] [blank_start]Hormone[blank_end] [blank_start]Anterior[blank_end] [blank_start]Pituitary[blank_end]: Growth Hormone This is why one potential cause for growth hormone deficiency may be a [blank_start]pituitary[blank_end] [blank_start]tumor[blank_end] or just general [blank_start]damage[blank_end] to the gland.

Which of these are characteristic of growth hormone deficiency?

The main treatment for growth hormone deficiency is giving [blank_start]periodic[blank_end] growth hormone [blank_start]injections[blank_end].

Growth hormone treatment should be the entire lifetime, not just the course of adolescence.