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Embryology Midterm

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Relevant questions from the oldies. May not be all inclusive, just what I found. If you see any problems or anything please e-mail me at katelynmaria02@gmail.com and I will try to make corrections.
katelynmaria02
Quiz by katelynmaria02, updated more than 1 year ago
katelynmaria02
Created by katelynmaria02 about 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Fertilization typically occurs in the:
Answer
  • ovary
  • uterus
  • ampulla of the oviduct
  • isthmus of the oviduct
  • vagina

Question 2

Question
The zona pellucida:
Answer
  • is located between the oocyte and granulosa cells
  • hardens to provide a block to polyspermy
  • prevents premature (ectopic) implantation
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Question 3

Question
Where in the developing embryo is the mesoderm layer absent so that there is no separation bewteen the ectoderm and endoderm layers? 1. oral plate 2. cardiac plate 3. cecal plate 4. lateral plate
Answer
  • 1 & 2
  • 1 &3
  • 2 & 3
  • 2&4
  • 1,2,&3

Question 4

Question
Within the trunk of the developing embryo, paraxial mesoderm breaks up into:
Answer
  • thin layers called the intermediate mesoderm
  • thick layers called the lateral plate
  • somitomeres consisting of somitomere components
  • somites consisting of sclerotome, dermatome, and myotome components

Question 5

Question
During development Meckel's cartilage is known to become a portion of the:
Answer
  • chondrocranium
  • neurocranium
  • mandible
  • maxilla

Question 6

Question
The first branchial arch gives rise to:
Answer
  • muscles of mastication
  • part of the tongue
  • nasal septum
  • muscles of facial expression
  • a & b

Question 7

Question
At the beginning of the blastocyst stage there is:
Answer
  • development of a fluid filled cavity called the amnion
  • formation of an inner cell mass which becomes the trophoblast
  • formation of an outer cell mass which becomes the embryoblast
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Question 8

Question
At the earliest stage of development the primitive stomadeum is bounded by the (May/ may not be relevant for this exam):
Answer
  • maxillary and mandibular prominences
  • the frontonasal prominence and mandibular prominence
  • the frontonasal prominence and cardiac bulge
  • the median nasal prominences and mandibular process
  • the maxillary and median nasal prominences and mandibular process

Question 9

Question
The muscle of the gut wall is embryonically derived from:
Answer
  • sclerotome
  • myotome
  • dermatome
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • lateral plate mesoderm

Question 10

Question
The mesodermal layer of the embryo:
Answer
  • arose from ectodermal cells of the epiblast
  • forms blood vessels and most of the heart
  • forms cartilage and bone
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Question 11

Question
During development the amnion and yolk sac are in temporary communication. This opening is:
Answer
  • allantois canal
  • neurenteric canal
  • Caso's canal
  • umbilicus
  • reichert's membrane

Question 12

Question
Neural crest cells can form or become all of the following except:
Answer
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • myelin
  • neurons
  • olfactory sensory cells

Question 13

Question
Secretions of epithelial cells of the oviduct:
Answer
  • provide nutritional material for the conceptus
  • together with cilia establish an outward flow that inhibits bacterial migration toward the peritoneal cavity
  • produce a current that helps orient spermatozoa
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Question 14

Question
Progression from the 2-cell stage to the morula is called:
Answer
  • implantation
  • neurulation
  • cleavage
  • gastrulation
  • insemination

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the notochord?
Answer
  • arises from a notochordal process which at first is a hollow tubular structure
  • is formed during gastrulation
  • arises from the primitive pit
  • divides the developing embryo into cephalic and caudal halves
  • lies along the long axis of the embryo

Question 16

Question
THe muscles of mastication arise from mesenchyme of the _________ branchial arch.
Answer
  • first
  • second
  • third
  • fourth-sixth

Question 17

Question
In the following list of events or stages, which of event would be third: Morula, Fertilization, Graffian follicle, Hatching, Implantation?
Answer
  • morula
  • fertilization
  • graafian follicle
  • hatching
  • implantation

Question 18

Question
Which of the following is a false statement?
Answer
  • the zona pellucida is a matrix layer between the follicular epithelium and oocyte
  • a function of zona pellucida is to prevent premature implantation
  • zona pellucida encircles the morula
  • zona pellucida is surrounded by granulosa cells
  • zona pellucida is removed immediately following fertilization

Question 19

Question
Transport of the ovum is facilitated by:
Answer
  • the activity of cilia in the uterine tube
  • peristalic contractions of the muscularis of the uterine tube
  • the presence of active flagella in cells of the corona radiata
  • all of the above
  • a & b

Question 20

Question
Meiosis is completed prior to ovulation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
The syncytiotrophoblast is derived from the outer cell mass while the cytotrophoblast is derived from cells of the inner cell mass.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Alveolar bone is formed from:
Answer
  • mesenchyme derived from somites
  • epithelium from the oral ectoderm
  • mesenchyme from the primitive streak
  • mesenchyme from notochord
  • none of the above

Question 23

Question
The folding of the embryo causes:
Answer
  • endoderm to be on the inside of the embryo
  • ectoderm to be on the inside of endoderm
  • endoderm to be on the outside of the mesoderm
  • mesoderm to be on the outside of the ectoderm

Question 24

Question
From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived?
Answer
  • epiblast
  • hypoblast
  • endoderm
  • neuroectoderm

Question 25

Question
Hatching occurs:
Answer
  • during implantation
  • in the ampulla of the oviduct
  • prior to blastocyst formation
  • during the morula stage
  • none of the above

Question 26

Question
Which of the following statements concerning prenatal development is correct?
Answer
  • most congenital malformations occur during the last prenatal week
  • maturation of existing structures occurs during the second to eighth week
  • initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week
  • the fetus is the structure present during embryonic period

Question 27

Question
The oral plate consists of:
Answer
  • embryonic endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
  • a circular area anterior to the notochord in which the endoderm is fused to the embryonic mesoderm
  • the cloacal membrane and the overlying amnion
  • endoderm of the roof of the yolk sac and embryonic ectoderm
  • the cardiogenic mesoderm and the neuroectoderm

Question 28

Question
The first brachial arch gives rise to:
Answer
  • muscles of mastication
  • maxillary teeth
  • mandibular teeth
  • malleus
  • all of the above

Question 29

Question
Somites form from:
Answer
  • ectomesenchyme
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • lateral plate mesoderm
  • paraxial mesoderm

Question 30

Question
Which of the following cells have migrated from the neuroectoderm and are the basis for future bone of the maxilla and mandible?
Answer
  • sclerotome
  • trophoblast
  • mesodermal
  • neural crest
  • endodermal

Question 31

Question
Embryologically the muscular wall of the gut arose from the:
Answer
  • endoderm
  • parietal lateral plate mesoderm
  • visceral lateral plate mesoderm
  • somatic myotome
  • intermediate mesoderm

Question 32

Question
The cells of the _______ will form the embryo proper.
Answer
  • inner cell mass
  • cyrotrophoblast
  • outer cell mass
  • syntiotrophoblast

Question 33

Question
At the beginning of the third week of development a thickening of ectoderm overlying the notochord indicates the start of:
Answer
  • cleavage
  • gastrulation
  • primitive streak stage
  • neurulation
  • somite formation

Question 34

Question
Prior to the formation of the primitive streak the amnion and blastocystic cavity (yolk sac) communicate via the neuroenteric canal.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Regarding the early embryo, which of the following is False?
Answer
  • the epiblast faces the amniotic cavity
  • the embryonic shield consists of 2 layers prior to the formation of the primitive streak
  • following gastrulation mesoderm fills all the space between the ectoderm and endoderm
  • the hypoblast cells are primitive endoderm

Question 36

Question
Which of the following is Incorrect regarding the notochord?
Answer
  • it arises from a notochordal process which at first is a hollow tubular structure
  • it is formed during gastrulation
  • arises from the primitive node
  • it extends from the primitive pit in a caudal direction
  • divides the developing embryo into right and left halves

Question 37

Question
Conceptus includes: 1. extraembryonic structures derived from the zygote 2. embryonic structures derived from the zygote 3. chorion 4. syncytiotrophoblast
Answer
  • 1
  • 1, 2, & 3
  • 1 & 3
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Question 38

Question
Down syndrome is known for:
Answer
  • trisomy of chromosome number 20
  • production of a monosomy situation
  • facial enlargement and lengthened palate
  • fissured tongue and delayed tooth eruption

Question 39

Question
Which of the following supports the primitive embryo and is directly derived from ectoderm alone?
Answer
  • notochord
  • prochordal plate
  • secondary yolk sac
  • cardiac plate

Question 40

Question
Which of the following syndromes occurs due to failure of neural crest cells to migrate?
Answer
  • Downs syndrome
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
  • Asperger syndrome
  • Treacher Collins syndrome

Question 41

Question
The face develops in the human between:
Answer
  • 6 and 10 days
  • 10 and 22 days
  • 12 and 22 days
  • 24 and 38 days

Question 42

Question
Primitive oral cavity is called?
Answer
  • primitive choana
  • buccopharingeal membrane
  • stomatodeum
  • foregut
  • none of these

Question 43

Question
Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA are called:
Answer
  • growth factors
  • transcription factors
  • receptors
  • messengers
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