Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

What artery supplies the inner retina, outer retina, ONH?

When cones are disrupted, what will be affected? - [blank_start]see high detail[blank_end] - [blank_start]central vision[blank_end] - [blank_start]colour vision[blank_end]

If Rods are affected - [blank_start]can't see in low light levels (at night[blank_end])

If Macular function is affected - [blank_start]reduced VA[blank_end] - [blank_start]colour problems[blank_end] - [blank_start]distortion (swelling)[blank_end]

What questions should you ask someone who complains of a 'loss of vision' - [blank_start]When did you first notice?[blank_end] - [blank_start]Is it constant or intermittent?[blank_end] - [blank_start]Whole vision or just parts of it?[blank_end] - [blank_start]Was the onset sudden or gradual?[blank_end] - [blank_start]Are there any associated symptoms?[blank_end]

Is this a CRA occlusion?

Features of a CRA are: - [blank_start]Pale white retina[blank_end] - [blank_start]can't see all the blood vessels[blank_end] - [blank_start]oedema[blank_end] - [blank_start]painless[blank_end] - [blank_start]cherry red spot at the macula[blank_end] - [blank_start]pupil doesn't constrict (RAPD)[blank_end]

What is this? - CRA occlusion [blank_start]with cilioretinal artery sparing[blank_end] What has caused the occlusion? - [blank_start]emboli in Superior and inferior blood ve[blank_end]ssels

What is this? - [blank_start]Branch retinal artery occlusion[blank_end]

What is not a RAO type?

What are the signs and symptoms of CRAO

What are the signs and symptoms of BRAO?

The causes of RAO are [blank_start]embolism and vaso-obliteration[blank_end]

Emboli can come from

[blank_start]Cholestrol[blank_end] and [blank_start]Fibrinoplatelet[blank_end] are 2 causes of atheromatous plaques

If you see a yellow dot in a blood vessel, what should you do?

Cholesterol Emboli - how many? - [blank_start]multiple[blank_end] - appearance? - [blank_start]bright refractile crystals[blank_end] - location? - [blank_start]arteriolar bifurcations[blank_end] - affect? - [blank_start]frequently asymptomatic[blank_end]

Calcific Emboli - how many? - [blank_start]single[blank_end] - appearance? - [blank_start]white[blank_end] - location? - [blank_start]close to disc[blank_end] - affect? - [blank_start]can cause permanent obstruction[blank_end]

Fibrinoplatelet emboli How many - [blank_start]mutiple[blank_end] appearance - [blank_start]dull grey particles[blank_end] effect - result in amaurosis fugax, [blank_start]occasionally permanent obstruction[blank_end] , [blank_start]transient loss of vision[blank_end]

What are the management for CRAO?

What are the treatment for carotid disease - [blank_start]Antiplatelet therapy[blank_end] - [blank_start]Anticoagulants[blank_end] - [blank_start]Carotid Endarterectomy[blank_end]

Rubeosis Iridis is sign of ischemia and can cause glaucoma. Also only 10% get them

Why would you still refer even if the occlusion is over 48 hours?

What are the signs of an old CRAO? - [blank_start]RAPD[blank_end] - [blank_start]Arterioles thread like and thin[blank_end] - [blank_start]Optic atrophy[blank_end]

GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (temporal arteritis) - who gets it? [blank_start]Elderly over 60[blank_end] symptoms? [blank_start]flu like[blank_end], [blank_start]HA[blank_end], [blank_start]fever[blank_end], [blank_start]weight loss[blank_end], [blank_start]general malaise[blank_end], [blank_start]depression[blank_end], [blank_start]pain on chewing[blank_end] (jaw claudication), [blank_start]tender scalp[blank_end], management - [blank_start]emergency referral[blank_end], [blank_start]anti inflammatory drugs[blank_end]