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Chapter 9 - Development of Language and Communication Skills

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Psychology (Child Development) Quiz on Chapter 9 - Development of Language and Communication Skills, created by Naomi Nakasone on 19/03/2018.
Naomi Nakasone
Quiz by Naomi Nakasone, updated more than 1 year ago
Naomi Nakasone
Created by Naomi Nakasone over 6 years ago
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Question 1

Question
[blank_start]__________[blank_end] is the sound system of a language and the rules for combining these sounds to produce meaningful units of speech
Answer
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • pragmatics
  • semantics
  • syntax

Question 2

Question
[blank_start]______[blank_end] is composed of the rules governing the formation of meaningful words from sounds
Answer
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • pragmatics
  • semantics
  • syntax

Question 3

Question
[blank_start]________[blank_end] is the expressed meaning of words and sentences
Answer
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • pragmatics
  • semantics
  • syntax

Question 4

Question
[blank_start]_________[blank_end] is the structure of a language; the rules specifying how words and grammatical markers are to be combined to produce meaningful sentences
Answer
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • pragmatics
  • semantics
  • syntax

Question 5

Question
[blank_start]______[blank_end] include principles that underlie the effective and approptiate use of language to social contexts
Answer
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • pragmatics
  • semantics
  • syntax

Question 6

Question
A young child's tendency to use relatively specific words to a broad set of objects, actions or events is called a(n) [blank_start]_________[blank_end]
Answer
  • overextension
  • underextension

Question 7

Question
The notion that young children make inferences about the meaning of words by analyzing the way words are used insentences and inferring whether they refer to objects, actions, or attributes is called [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Answer
  • object scope constraint
  • mutual exclusivity constraint
  • lexical contrast constraint
  • syntactical bootstrapping

Question 8

Question
The [blank_start]_______[blank_end] is the single-word utterance that represents an entire sentence's worth of meaning.
Answer
  • coo
  • holophrase
  • babble

Question 9

Question
Tamina is preoccupied with pointing at things and asking what they are. She is a toddler who experiences
Answer
  • the naming explosion
  • prelinguistic vocables
  • an overactive language acquisition device
  • metalinguistic awareness

Question 10

Question
The fact that coos sound the same whether or not the young infant can hear suggests that coos
Answer
  • convey self-generated meanings for adult listeners
  • develop with maturation of the brain and vocal organs
  • are a relection of the parents' recasts and extensions
  • arise from the infant's mutual exclusivity constraint

Question 11

Question
The unfant uses imperatice gestures to get others to
Answer
  • notice the infant's ideas
  • expand pidgin into vocables
  • fulfill the infant's requests
  • initiate communication via telegraphic speech

Question 12

Question
The first word of a first child usually vastly differs from those of their younger siblings. This illustrates the concept of
Answer
  • the sensitive-period hypothesis
  • the birth order hypothesis
  • the sex-difference hypothesis
  • the critical period hypothesis

Question 13

Question
During the last phase of question asking, the child is able to ask adultlike questions such as:
Answer
  • "What is Mommy reading?"
  • "Where Mommy?"
  • "Mommy here?"
  • "Where Mommy go?"

Question 14

Question
Cross-cultural studies on passives show that children whose language has many passive constructions
Answer
  • get bored with passives, so actives are preferred
  • use many passives in their own uttered sentences
  • have family pets that show humanlike fluencies
  • become "cognitively chokes" on sentences' meanings

Question 15

Question
Level of _________ is a strong predictor of the child's reading skill in grade school
Answer
  • holophrase pidginization
  • overextended underextension
  • interest in a well-balanced diet
  • phonological awareness

Question 16

Question
Conversing with siblings promotes effective communication because
Answer
  • telegraphic speech is highly accurate in its content
  • creoles debelop more from children than from adults
  • kids in large groups shout at one another
  • noticing siblings' conprehension errors makes the speaker aware of the need to express indeas clearly

Question 17

Question
Overregularization refers to the young child's tendency to use relatively specific words to refer to a broader set of objects, actions, or events than adults do (such as using the word "car" to refer to all motor vehicles).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Transformational grammar refers to rules of syntax that allow one to transform declarative statements into questions, negatives, imperatives, and other kinds of sentences.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
A psycholinguistic studies _______. She is interested in how children learn the meanings of bound morphemes, free morphemes, and sentences.
Answer
  • phonology
  • morphology
  • semantics
  • syntax

Question 20

Question
Expansions and recasts are examples of
Answer
  • pragmatics
  • linguistic universals
  • child-directed speech
  • a language acquisition device

Question 21

Question
Nativists believe in all of the following except:
Answer
  • child-directed speech
  • a language acquisition device
  • linguistic universal
  • a sensitive period

Question 22

Question
A scientist who believes that children who are biologically prepared to acquire language, who have conversations with adults who use child-directed speech, with a nervous system that gradually matures and predisposes them to develop similar language skils at about the same age is known as a(n)
Answer
  • learning theorist
  • nativist
  • interactionist
  • sensitive period theorist

Question 23

Question
Infants begin cooing by age ___ month(s) and start to babble by age ___ months.
Answer
  • 1; 2-3
  • 2; 3-4
  • 2; 4-6
  • 4; 6-7

Question 24

Question
Development during the __________ allows infants to discriminate speechlike sounds and become sensitive to a wider variety of phonemes than adults are.
Answer
  • sensitive period
  • phonemic period
  • holophrase period
  • prelinguistic period

Question 25

Question
Which of the following is not one of the processing constraints that help toddlers figure out word meanings?
Answer
  • object shape constraint
  • mutual constraint
  • lexical constraint
  • syntactical bootstrapping

Question 26

Question
During middle childhood and adolescence, children learn more about
Answer
  • morphological knowledge
  • grammatical morphemes
  • transformational grammar
  • referential communication skills

Question 27

Question
Rob has learned grammatical morphemes, such as -s for plurals and -ed for past tense. Occasionally he makes errors such as saying, "foots" and "broked." These errors are known as:
Answer
  • overregularizations
  • recasts
  • expansions
  • morphological extensions

Question 28

Question
Recent research on bilingual education has found that two-way bilingual education programs
Answer
  • improve the chid's language skills in both languages
  • improve language in the child's primary language but do not help the child acquire the secondary language
  • improve the child's secondary language but do not help the child acquire his or her primary language
  • do not help the chld learn either language very well
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