6.1 Key Term Review

The [blank_start]__________[blank_end] is an animal that was driven nearly extinct when its grazing area in the Great Plains was disrupted by the arrival of railroads after the Civil War. Native Americans were quite dependent on these animals and were negatively impacted by the decrease in the population.

[blank_start]Andrew Carnegie[blank_end] was the Steel King who wrote [blank_start]"The Gospel of Wealth"[blank_end] - a text asserting that the rich were responsible for using their wealth to improve the community for the 'less fortunate'.

The [blank_start]___________________________[blank_end] was a union formed by [blank_start]__________________[blank_end]to create "closed shops" to support workers' rights.

The millionaires during this time period were not only known as [blank_start]Captains of Industry[blank_end] because they improved production and the overall economy of the US, but they were also known as [blank_start]Robber Barons[blank_end] because they seemed to hold on to such extreme amounts of wealth at the expense of the laborers.

The Democratic Party was largely represented in the [blank_start]South[blank_end] and [blank_start]tended to support states' rights[blank_end].

[blank_start]The Grange[blank_end] wanted to unite farmers who practiced [blank_start]commercial agriculture[blank_end] and eventually developed into the [blank_start]Farmers' Alliance[blank_end] - which aimed to use political power to work against corporate power. These sentiments eventually helped form the [blank_start]Populist Party[blank_end] - which worked to use political power to create laws in favor of farmers. In particular, they wanted to [blank_start]"free silver"[blank_end] in order to create more currency for general use.

The rich during this time period were accused of [blank_start]conspicuous consumption[blank_end] or enjoying [blank_start]grotesque luxury[blank_end].

The [blank_start]Knights of Labor[blank_end] was a union that was blamed for the [blank_start]Haymarket Square Bombing[blank_end], associated with anarchy and eventually fell apart.

[blank_start]Henry Ford[blank_end] is an example of someone who contributed to [blank_start]mass production[blank_end].

The [blank_start]Homestead Act[blank_end] allowed people to claim land and support themselves out west.

[blank_start]Horatio Alger[blank_end] was a writer whose stories showcased "rags to riches" stories that helped develop the [blank_start]American Dream[blank_end] (the idea that anybody can be successful if they work hard enough). These ideas defended the existence of millionaires in the US by defending [blank_start]Social Darwinism[blank_end] - the idea that the most fit people are the ones who make the most money.

Andrew Carnegie was known for using [blank_start]vertical integration[blank_end] (controlling all parts of the production process and eliminating the "middle man") to make his business successful, while [blank_start]John Rockefeller[blank_end] (owner of Standard Oil) was known for using [blank_start]horizontal integration[blank_end] (taking over smaller companies to control prices). In general, some of these millionaires used [blank_start]trusts[blank_end] to monopolize markets/eliminate competition.

[blank_start]J.P. Morgan[blank_end] is associated with making money through banking.

[blank_start]Jacob Riis[blank_end] and [blank_start]Upton Sinclair[blank_end] were both [blank_start]muckrakers[blank_end] who used their writing to point out issues of the times. [blank_start]Yellow journalism[blank_end] is when someone exaggerates a story in their writing to generate fear.

[blank_start]Mark Twain[blank_end] was the author who gave the Gilded Age it's name and practiced [blank_start]Social Realism[blank_end] (down-to-earth depictions of working class life) in his writing.

The [blank_start]transcontinental railroad[blank_end] allowed multiple people and goods to move across the country efficiently and was therefore one of the first forms of [blank_start]mass transportation[blank_end]. It also supported [blank_start]mining[blank_end] by moving people back and forth. The [blank_start]Pullman Strike[blank_end] is an example of employees in this industry unionizing and fighting for better working conditions.

The [blank_start]Interstate Commerce Act[blank_end] is an example of government action to address economic issues by limiting the freedoms of the railroad companies. The [blank_start]Sherman Anti-Trust Act[blank_end] was an attempt by the government to eliminate monopolies, but it worked against unions such as the [blank_start]National Labor Union[blank_end].

The [blank_start]"Passing of the Frontier"[blank_end] is the idea that the West had been discovered and there was nowhere left to expand.

The [blank_start]Republican Party[blank_end] during this time period was associated with the North.

The [blank_start]Social Gospel[blank_end] is what was preached by ministers of the Church at this time to convince rich Christians to help the less fortunate.