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UT lvl 2 ASNT questions

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NDE Technician Non Destructive Testing Quiz on UT lvl 2 ASNT questions, created by Eugene Cawley on 17/12/2018.
Eugene Cawley
Quiz by Eugene Cawley, updated more than 1 year ago
Eugene Cawley
Created by Eugene Cawley about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Generally, the best ultrasonic testing method for detecting discontinuities oriented along the fusion zone in a welded plate is:
Answer
  • An angle-beam contact method using surface waves.
  • A contact test using a straight longitudinal wave.
  • An immersion test using surface waves.
  • An angle-beam method using shear waves.

Question 2

Question
An ultrasonic testing instrument that displays pulses representing the magnitude of reflected ultrasound as a function of time or depth of metal is said to contain:
Answer
  • A continuous wave display.
  • An A-scan presentation.
  • A B-scan presentation.
  • A C-scan presentation.

Question 3

Question
At a water-to-steel interface the angle of incidence in water is 7 degrees. The principal mode of vibration that exists in the steel is:
Answer
  • Longitudinal
  • Shear
  • Both A and B
  • Surface

Question 4

Question
In a liquid medium, the only mode of vibration that exists is:In a liquid medium, the only mode of vibration that exists is:
Answer
  • Longitudinal
  • Shear
  • Both A and B
  • Surface

Question 5

Question
In an ultrasonic instrument, the number of pulses produced by an instrument in a given period of time is known as the:
Answer
  • Pulse length of the instrument.
  • Pulse recovery time.
  • Frequency.
  • Pulse repetition rate.

Question 6

Question
In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that coordinates the action and timing of other components is called a:
Answer
  • Display unit or CRT.
  • Receiver.
  • Marker circuit or range marker circuit.
  • Synchronizer, clock, or timer.

Question 7

Question
In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the voltage that activates the search unit is called:
Answer
  • An amplifier
  • A receiver
  • Pulser
  • A synchronizer

Question 8

Question
In a basic-pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces the time base line is called a:
Answer
  • Sweep circuit
  • Receiver
  • Pulser
  • Synchronizer

Question 9

Question
In a basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instrument, the component that produces visible signals on the CRT which are used to measure distance is called a:
Answer
  • Sweep circuit
  • Marker circuit
  • Receiver circuit
  • Synchronizer

Question 10

Question
Most basic pulse-echo ultrasonic instruments use:
Answer
  • Automatic read-out equipment.
  • An A-scan presentation.
  • A B-scan presentation.
  • A C-scan presentation.

Question 11

Question
The cathode ray tube screen will display a plan view of the part outline and defects when using:
Answer
  • Automatic read-out equipment.
  • An A-scan presentation.
  • A B-scan presentation.
  • A C-scan presentation.

Question 12

Question
The incident angles at which 90 degrees refraction of longitudinal and shear waves occurs are called:
Answer
  • The normal angles of incidence.
  • The critical angles.
  • The angles of maximum reflection.
  • None of the above.

Question 13

Question
Compression waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation are called:
Answer
  • Longitudinal waves
  • Shear waves
  • Lamb waves
  • Rayleigh waves

Question 14

Question
Which of the following modes of vibration are quickly damped out when testing by the immersion method?
Answer
  • Longitudinal waves
  • Shear waves
  • Transverse waves
  • Surface waves

Question 15

Question
The motion of particles in a shear wave is:
Answer
  • Parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic beam.
  • Transverse to the direction of beam propagation.
  • Limited to the material surface and elliptical in motion.
  • Polarized in a plane at 45 degrees to the direction of beam propagation.

Question 16

Question
In contact testing, shear waves can be induced in the test material by:
Answer
  • Placing a X-cut crystal directly on the surface of the materials and coupling through a film of oil.
  • Using two transducers on opposite sides of the test specimen.
  • Placing a spherical acoustic lens on the face of the transducer
  • Using a transducer mounted on a plastic wedge so that sound enters the part at an angle.

Question 17

Question
As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal:
Answer
  • Decreases.
  • Remains unchanged.
  • Increases.
  • Varies uniformly through each wavelength.

Question 18

Question
Which of the following is not an advantage of contact ultrasonic search units(probes) adapted with lucite shoes?
Answer
  • Eliminates most of the crystal wear.
  • Permits adaptation to curved surfaces.
  • Decreases sensitivity.
  • Allows ultrasound to enter a part's surface at oblique angles.

Question 19

Question
In which medium listed below would the velocity of sound be lowest?
Answer
  • Air
  • Water
  • Aluminum
  • Stainless Steel

Question 20

Question
A longitudinal ultrasonic wave is transmitted from water into steel at an angle of 5 degrees from the normal. In such a case the refracted angle of the transverse wave is:
Answer
  • Less than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.
  • Equal to the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.
  • Greater than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave.
  • Not present at all.

Question 21

Question
The velocity of longitudinal waves will be highest in:
Answer
  • Water
  • Air
  • Aluminum
  • Stainless Steel

Question 22

Question
In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in which of the following modes of vibration?
Answer
  • Longitudinal
  • Shear
  • Surfave
  • Sound velocity is identical in all modes, in a given material.

Question 23

Question
The acoustic impedance is:
Answer
  • Used to calculate the angle of reflection
  • The product of the density of the material and the velocity of sound in the material.
  • Found by Snell's law
  • Used to determine resonance values

Question 24

Question
Thin sheet may be inspected with the ultrasonic wave directed normal to the surface by observing:
Answer
  • The amplitude of the front surface reflection.
  • The multiple reflection pattern.
  • All front surface reflections
  • None of the above.

Question 25

Question
A diagram in which the entire circuit stage or sections are shown by geometric figures and the path of the signal or energy by lines and/or arrows is called a:
Answer
  • Schematic diagram
  • Blueprint
  • Block diagram
  • None of the above

Question 26

Question
A hole produced during the solidification of metal due to escaping gases is called:
Answer
  • A burst
  • A cold shut
  • A flaking
  • a blow hole

Question 27

Question
A discontinuity that occurs during the casting of molten metal which may be caused by the splashing, surging, interrupted pouring, or the meeting of two streams of metal coming from different directions is called:
Answer
  • A burst
  • A cold shut
  • Flaking
  • A blow hole

Question 28

Question
The ratio between the wave speed in one material and the wave speed in a second material is called:
Answer
  • The acoustic impedance of the interface
  • Young's modulus
  • Poisson's ratio
  • The index of refraction.

Question 29

Question
The expansion and contraction of a magnetic material under the influence of a changing magnetic field is referred to as:
Answer
  • Piezoelectricity
  • Refraction.
  • Magnetostriction
  • Rarefaction

Question 30

Question
The ratio of stress to strain in a material within the elastic limit is called:
Answer
  • Young's modulus
  • The Modulus of elasticity
  • Both A and B
  • The index of refraction

Question 31

Question
A point, line, or surface of a vibrating body marked by absolute or relative freedom from vibratory motion is referred to as:
Answer
  • A node
  • An antinode
  • Rarefaction
  • Compression

Question 32

Question
A quartz crystal cut so that its major faces are parallel to the Z and Y axes and perpendicular to the X axis is called:
Answer
  • A Y-cut crystal
  • A X-cut crystal
  • A Z-cut crystal
  • A ZY-cut crystal

Question 33

Question
The equation describing wavelength in terms of velocity and frequency is:
Answer
  • Wavelength = Velocity x Frequency
  • Wavelength = Z (Frequency x Velocity
  • Wavelength = Velocity / Frequency
  • Wavelength=Frequency + Velocity

Question 34

Question
Which of the following can occur when an ultrasonic beam reaches the interface of two dissimilar materials?
Answer
  • Reflection
  • Refraction
  • Mode conversion
  • All of the above

Question 35

Question
Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is:
Answer
  • Lithium sulfate
  • Quartz
  • Barium titanate
  • Silver oxide

Question 36

Question
Of thepiezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound receiver is:
Answer
  • Lithium sulfate
  • Quartz
  • Barium titanate
  • Silver oxide.

Question 37

Question
The most commonly used method of producing shear waves in a test part when inspecting by the immersion method is:
Answer
  • By transmitting longitudinal waves into a part in a direction perpendicular to its front surface.
  • By using two crystals vibrating at different frequencies.
  • By using a Y-cut quartz crystal.
  • By angulating the search tube to the proper angle.

Question 38

Question
Beam divergence is a function of the dimensions of the crystal and the wavelength of the beam transmitted through a medium, and it:
Answer
  • increases if the frequency or crystal diameter is decreased.
  • decreases if the frequency or crystal diameter is decreased.
  • increases if the frequency is increased and crystal diameter decreased.
  • decreases if the frequency is increased and crystal diameter is decreased.

Question 39

Question
The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is:
Answer
  • directly proportional to velocity and frequency.
  • directly proportional to velocity and inversely proportional to frequency.
  • inversely proportional to velocity and directly proportional to frequency.
  • equal to the product of the velocity and frequency.

Question 40

Question
The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is primarily a function of:
Answer
  • the length of the applied voltage pulse.
  • the amplifying characteristics of the pulse amplifier in the instrument.
  • the thickness of the crystal.
  • none of the above.

Question 41

Question
Acoustic velocities are primarily described by:
Answer
  • density
  • elasticity
  • both A and B
  • acoustic impedance

Question 42

Question
Inspection of castings is often impractical because of:
Answer
  • extremely small grain structure.
  • coarse grain structure.
  • uniform flow lines.
  • uniform velocity of sound.

Question 43

Question
Lamb waves may be used to inspect:
Answer
  • forgings
  • bar stock
  • ingots
  • thin sheet

Question 44

Question
The resolving power of a search unit is directly proportional to its:
Answer
  • diameter
  • band width
  • pulse repetition
  • none of the above

Question 45

Question
In the basic pulse-echo instrument, the synchronizer, clock or timer circuit will determine the instrument's:
Answer
  • pulse length
  • gain
  • pulse repetition rate
  • sweep length

Question 46

Question
The primary requirement of a paintbrush transducer is that:
Answer
  • all crystals be mounted equidistant from each other.
  • the intensity of the beam pattern not vary greatly over the entire length of the transducer
  • the fundamental frequency of the crystals not vary more than .01%.
  • the overall length not exceed 3 inches.

Question 47

Question
Heat conduction, viscous friction, elastic hysteresis, and scattering are four different mechanisms which lead to:
Answer
  • attenuation
  • refraction
  • beam spreading
  • saturation.

Question 48

Question
Since the velocity of sound in aluminum is approximately 245,000 in/sec, how long does it take for sound to travel through 1 inch of aluminum?
Answer
  • 1/8 second
  • 4 microseconds
  • 4 milliseconds
  • 1/4 X 100000 seconds

Question 49

Question
When testing a part with a rough surface, it is generally advisable to use:
Answer
  • a lower frequency search unit and a more viscous couplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface.
  • a higher frequency search unit and a more viscous couplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface.
  • a higher frequency search unit and a less viscous couplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface.
  • a lower frequency search unit and a less viscous couplant than is used on parts with a smooth surface.

Question 50

Question
Reflection indications from a weld area being inspected by the angle-beam technique may represent:
Answer
  • Porosity
  • Cracks
  • Weld bead
  • All three of the above

Question 51

Question
In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal line formed by the uniform and repeated movement of an electron beam across the fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube is called:
Answer
  • A square wave pattern.
  • A sweep line.
  • A marker pattern.
  • None of the above.

Question 52

Question
Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest amount of attenuation losses?
Answer
  • 1.0 megahertz.
  • 2.25 megahertz.
  • 5 megahertz.
  • 10 megahertz.

Question 53

Question
In general, which waves will travel around gradual curves with little or no reflection from the curve?
Answer
  • Transverse waves.
  • Surface waves.
  • Shear waves.
  • Longitudinal waves.

Question 54

Question
To evaluate and accurately locate discontinuities after scanning a part with a paintbrush transducer, it is generally necessary to use a:
Answer
  • Search unit with a smaller crystal.
  • Scrubber.
  • Grid map.
  • Crystal collimator.

Question 55

Question
As the impedance ratio of two dissimilar materials increases, the percentage of sound coupled through an interface of such materials:
Answer
  • Decreases.
  • Increases.
  • Is not changed.
  • May increase or decrease.

Question 56

Question
Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin materials because of:
Answer
  • The rapid attenuation of low frequency sound.
  • Incompatible wavelengths.
  • Poor near-surface resolution.
  • None of the above will actually limit such a test.

Question 57

Question
When using two separate search units (one a transmitter, the other a receiver), the most efficient combination would be:
Answer
  • A quartz transmitter and a barium titanate receiver.
  • A barium titanate transmitter and a lithium sulfate receiver.
  • A lithium sulfate transmitter and a barium titanate receiver.
  • A barium titanate transmitter and a quartz receiver.

Question 58

Question
In immersion testing, the accessory equipment to which the search cable and the search unit are attached is called a:
Answer
  • Crystal collimator.
  • Scrubber.
  • Jet-stream unit
  • Search tube or scanning tube.

Question 59

Question
In general, discontinuities in wrought products tend to be oriented:
Answer
  • Randomly.
  • In the direction of grain flow.
  • At right angles to the entry surface.
  • At right angles to the grain flow.

Question 60

Question
In immersion testing irrelevant or false indications caused by contoured surfaces are likely to result in a:
Answer
  • Broad-based indication.
  • Peaked indication.
  • "Hashy" signal.
  • Narrow-based indication.

Question 61

Question
In contact testing, defects near the entry surface cannot always be detected because of:
Answer
  • The far-field effect.
  • Attenuation.
  • The dead zone.
  • Refraction.

Question 62

Question
In cases where the diameter of tubing being inspected is smaller than the diameter of the transducer, what can be used to confine the sound beam to the proper range of angles?
Answer
  • A scrubber.
  • A collimator.
  • An angle plane angulator.
  • A jet-stream unit.

Question 63

Question
The maximum scanning speed possible is primarily determined by:
Answer
  • The frequency of the searchunit.
  • Viscous drag problems.
  • The pulse repetition rate of the test instrument.
  • The persistency of the CRT screen.

Question 64

Question
Surface waves are reduced to an energy level of approximately 1/25 of the original power at a depth of:
Answer
  • One inch.
  • Four inches.
  • One wavelength.
  • Four wavelengths.

Question 65

Question
To prevent the appearance of the second front surface indication before the first back reflection when inspecting aluminum by the immersion method (water is used as a couplant), it is necessary to have a minimum of at least one inch of water for every:
Answer
  • Two inches of aluminum.
  • Four inches of aluminum.
  • Six inches of aluminum.
  • Eight inches of aluminum.

Question 66

Question
Increasing the length of the pulse used to activate the search unit will:
Answer
  • Increase the strength of the ultrasound but decrease the resolving power of the instrument.
  • Increase the resolving power of the instrument.
  • Have no effect on the test.
  • Decrease the penetration of the sound wave.

Question 67

Question
Of the following sound wave modes, which one has multiple or varying wave velocities?
Answer
  • Longitudinal waves
  • Shear waves
  • Transverse waves
  • Lamb waves

Question 68

Question
Which of the following would be considered application(s) of ultrasonic techniques?
Answer
  • Determination of a material's elastic modulus
  • Study of a material's metallurgical structure
  • Measurement of a material's thickness
  • All of the above.

Question 69

Question
The only significant sound wave mode that will travel through a liquid is:
Answer
  • Shear
  • Longitudinal
  • Surface
  • Rayleigh

Question 70

Question
The acoustic impedance of a material is used to:
Answer
  • Determine the angle of refraction at an interface.
  • Determine the attenuation within the material.
  • Find the amounts of sound energy reflected and refracted through an interface.
  • Determine the beam spread within the material.

Question 71

Question
Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. Which of the following represents a mode?
Answer
  • Longitudinal wave
  • Shear wave
  • Surface wave
  • All of the above

Question 72

Question
When angle beam contact testing a test piece, increasing the incident angle until the second critical angle is reached results in:
Answer
  • Total reflection of a surface wave.
  • 45 degree refraction of the shear wave
  • Production of a surface wave
  • None of the above

Question 73

Question
The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of:
Answer
  • Reflection
  • Magnification
  • Refraction
  • Diffraction

Question 74

Question
The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related. The thinner the crystal:
Answer
  • The lower the frequency
  • The higher the frequency
  • There is no appreciable effect
  • None of the above

Question 75

Question
The random distribution of crystallographic direction in alloys with large crystalline structure is a factor in determining:
Answer
  • Acoustic noise levels
  • Selection of test frequency
  • Scattering of sound
  • All of the above

Question 76

Question
The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in sound pressure occur is mostly affected by:
Answer
  • The frequency of the transducer
  • The diameter of the transducer
  • Scattering of sound
  • Both A and B

Question 77

Question
The differences in signals received from identical reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by:
Answer
  • Material attenuation.
  • Beam divergence.
  • Near field effects.
  • All of the above.

Question 78

Question
It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the transducer to produce indications of fluctuating amplitude as the search unit is moved laterally if testing is being performed in the:
Answer
  • Fraunhofer zone.
  • Near field.
  • Snell field.
  • Shadow zone.

Question 79

Question
In immersion testing, the near field effects of a transducer may be eliminated by:
Answer
  • Increasing transducer frequency.
  • Use of larger diameter transducer.
  • Using an appropriate water path.
  • Use of a focused transducer.

Question 80

Question
Which of the following may result in a long narrow rod if the beam divergence results in a reflection from a side of the test piece before the sound wave reaches the back surface?
Answer
  • Multiple indications before the first back reflection.
  • Indications from multiple surface reflection.
  • Conversion from the longitudinal mode to shear mode.
  • Loss of front surface indications.

Question 81

Question
Where does beam divergence occur?
Answer
  • Near field.
  • Far field.
  • At the crystal.
  • None of the above.

Question 82

Question
As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal:
Answer
  • Decreases
  • Remains unchanged
  • Increases
  • Varies uniformly through each wavelength

Question 83

Question
As the radius of curvature of a curved lens is increased, the focal length of the lens will:
Answer
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Remain the same
  • Be indeterminate unless the frequency is known

Question 84

Question
When examining materials for planar flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what testing method is most often used?
Answer
  • Angle beam
  • Through-transmission
  • Straight beam
  • Dual crystal

Question 85

Question
Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects located:
Answer
  • One wavelength below the surface
  • Six wavelengths below the surface
  • Close to or on the surface
  • Three wavelengths below the surface

Question 86

Question
The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping is most effective in locating a discontinuity is:
Answer
  • Shear wave
  • Longitudinal wave
  • Surface wave
  • Compressional wave

Question 87

Question
Lamb waves can be used to detect:
Answer
  • Laminar-type defects near the surface of a thin material
  • Lack of fusion in the center of a thick weldment
  • Internal voids in diffusion bonds
  • Thickness changes in heavy plate material

Question 88

Question
The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for aluminum or steel is approximately:
Answer
  • 1:4
  • 1:2
  • 1:8
  • 1:3

Question 89

Question
Which of the following scanning methods could be classified as an immersion type test?
Answer
  • Tank in which the search unit and test piece are immersed
  • Squirter bubbler method in which the sound is transmitted in a column of flowing water
  • Scanning with a wheel-type search unit with the transducer inside a liquid filled tire
  • All of the above

Question 90

Question
In an immersion test of a piece of steel or aluminum, the water distance appears on the display as a fairly wide space between the initial pulse and the front surface reflection because of:
Answer
  • Reduced velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen.
  • Increased velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen.
  • Temperature of the water.
  • All of the above.

Question 91

Question
What law can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a metal for both longitudinal and shear waves?
Answer
  • Poisson's Ratio Law
  • Snell's Law
  • Fresnel's Field Law
  • Charles' Law

Question 92

Question
At an interface between two different materials, an impedance difference results in:
Answer
  • Reflection of the entire incident energy at the interface
  • Absorption of sound
  • Division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes
  • None of the above

Question 93

Question
When using focused transducers, non-symmetry in a propagated sound beam may be caused by:
Answer
  • Backing material variations
  • Lens centering or misalignment
  • Porosity in lenses
  • All of the above

Question 94

Question
Ultrasonic wheel units may be used for which of the following types of examination?
Answer
  • Straight or longitudinal examination
  • Angle-beam or shear wave examination
  • Surface wave or Rayleigh wave
  • All of the above

Question 95

Question
During straight beam testing, test specimens with non-parallel front and back surfaces can cause:
Answer
  • Partial or total loss of back reflection
  • No loss in back reflection
  • A widened (broad) back reflection indication
  • A focused (narrow) back reflection indication

Question 96

Question
In the immersion technique, the distance between the face of the transducer and the test surface (water path) is usually adjusted so that the time required to send the sound beam through the water.
Answer
  • Is equal to the time required for the sound to travel through the piece.
  • Is greater than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece.
  • Is less than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece.
  • None of the above.

Question 97

Question
In a B-scan display, the length of a screen indication from a discontinuity is related to:
Answer
  • A discontinuity's thickness as measured parallel to the ultrasonic beam.
  • The discontinuity's length in the direction of the transducer travel.
  • Both A and B
  • None of the above

Question 98

Question
Which circuit triggers the pulser and sweep circuits in an A-scan display?
Answer
  • Receiver-amplifier
  • Power supply
  • Clock
  • Damping

Question 99

Question
On an A-scan display, the "dead zone," refers to:
Answer
  • The distance contained within the near field.
  • The area outside the beam spread.
  • The distance covered by the front surface pulse width and recovery time.
  • The area between the near field and the far field.

Question 100

Question
On an A-scan display, what represents the intensity of a reflected beam?
Answer
  • Echo pulse width
  • Horizontal screen location
  • Signal brightness
  • Signal amplitude

Question 101

Question
Of the following scan types, which one can be used to produce a recording of flaw areas superimposed over a plan view of the test piece?
Answer
  • A-scan
  • B-scan
  • C-scan
  • D-scan

Question 102

Question
In immersion testing in a small tank, a manually operated manipulator is used to:
Answer
  • Set the proper water path
  • Set the proper transducer angle
  • Set the proper index function
  • Both A and B

Question 103

Question
A 45 degrees shear angle beam transducer produces a wave in the metal which is polarized:
Answer
  • Perpendicular to the direction of propagation and parallel to the entry surface.
  • In the direction of propagation and at 45 degrees to the normal to the entry surface.
  • Perpendicular to the entry surface.
  • Perpendicular to the direction of propagation and at 45 degree to the entry surface.

Question 104

Question
In straight (normal) beam contact testing, a reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude could indicate:
Answer
  • Inadequate coupling.
  • A flaw which is not normal to the beam.
  • A near surface defect that cannot be resolved from the main bang (initial pulse).
  • All of the above

Question 105

Question
In an automatic scanning immersion unit, the bridge or carriage serves to:
Answer
  • Support the manipulator and scanner tube and to move it about transversely and longitudinally.
  • Control the angular and transverse positioning of the scanner tube.
  • Control the vertical and angular positioning of the scanner tube.
  • Raise and lower the transducer.

Question 106

Question
When adjusting the flaw locating rule for a shear wave weld inspection, the zero point on the rule must coincide with the:
Answer
  • Sound beam exit point of the wedge
  • Point directly over the flaw
  • Wheel search unit
  • Circular scanner

Question 107

Question
A special scanning device with the transducer mounted in a tire- like container filled with couplant is commonly called;
Answer
  • A rotating scanner
  • An axial scanner
  • A wheel search unit
  • A circular scanner

Question 108

Question
Which best describes a typical display of a crack whose major surface is perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam?
Answer
  • A broad indication
  • A sharp indication
  • The indication will not show due to improper orientation
  • A broad indication with high amplitude

Question 109

Question
Compensation for the variation in echo height related to variations in discontinuity depth in the test material is known as:
Answer
  • Transfer
  • Attenuation
  • Distance amplitude correction
  • Interpretation

Question 110

Question
Which of the following is a reference reflector that is not dependent on beam angle
Answer
  • A flat bottomed hole
  • A vee notch
  • A side drilled hole which is parallel to the plate surface and perpendicular to the sound path
  • A disc shaped laminar reflector

Question 111

Question
During a straight beam ultrasonic test a discontinuity indication is detected which is small in amplitude compared to the loss in amplitude of back reflection. The orientation of this discontinuity is probably:
Answer
  • Parallel to the test surface.
  • Parallel (plus or minus 5 degrees) from the test surface.
  • Parallel to the sound beam.
  • Such that complete loss of back reflection will result.

Question 112

Question
A discontinuity is located having an orientation such that its long axis is parallel to the sound beam. The indication from such a discontinuity will be:
Answer
  • Large in proportion to the length of the discontinuity.
  • Small in proportion to the length of the discontinuity.
  • Representative of the length of the discontinuity.
  • Such that complete loss of back reflection will result.

Question 113

Question
Gas discontinuities are reduced to flat discs or other shapes parallel to the surface by:
Answer
  • Rolling
  • Machining
  • Casting
  • Welding

Question 114

Question
In which zone does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the distance increases?
Answer
  • Far field zone
  • Near field zone
  • Dead zone
  • Fresnel zone

Question 115

Question
A smooth flat discontinuity whose major plane is not perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation may be indicated by:
Answer
  • An echo amplitude comparable in magnitude to the back surface reflection.
  • A complete loss of the back surface reflection.
  • An echo amplitude larger in magnitude than the back surface reflection.
  • All of the above.

Question 116

Question
Using a pulse-echo technique, if the major plane of a flat discontinuity is oriented at some angle other than perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation, the result may be:
Answer
  • Loss of signal linearity
  • Loss or lack of a received discontinuity echo
  • Focusing of the sound beam
  • Loss of interference phenomena

Question 117

Question
As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spread:
Answer
  • Decreases
  • Remains the same
  • Increases
  • Becomes conical in shape

Question 118

Question
A set of standard reference blocks with the same geometrical configuration and dimensions other than the size of the calibration reflectors, e.g., flat bottom holes, is called a set of:
Answer
  • Distance/amplitude standards.
  • Area/amplitude standards.
  • Variable frequency blocks.
  • Beam spread measuring blocks.

Question 119

Question
The angle at which 90 degree refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached is called:
Answer
  • The angle of incidence.
  • The first critical angle.
  • The angle of maximum reflection.
  • The second critical angle.

Question 120

Question
Which of the following controls the voltage supplied to the vertical deflection plates of the CRT in an A-scan UT setup?
Answer
  • Sweep generator
  • Pulser
  • Amplifier circuit
  • Clock timer

Question 121

Question
Attenuation is a difficult quantity to measure accurately, particularly in solid materials, at the test frequencies normally used. The overall result usually observed includes other loss mechanisms which can include:
Answer
  • Beam spread
  • Couplant mismatch
  • Test piece geometry
  • All of the above

Question 122

Question
The vertical linear range of a test instrument may be determined by obtaining ultrasonic responses from:
Answer
  • A set of distance-amplitude reference blocks.
  • Steel balls located at several different water path distances.
  • A set of area-amplitude reference blocks.
  • All of the above.

Question 123

Question
Large grains in a metallic test specimen usually result in:
Answer
  • Decrease or loss of back surface reflection.
  • Large "hash" or noise indications.
  • Decrease in penetration.
  • All of the above.

Question 124

Question
The total energy losses occurring in all materials is called:
Answer
  • Attenuation
  • Scatter
  • Beam spread
  • Interface

Question 125

Question
Delay-tip(stand-off)type contact search units are primarily used for:
Answer
  • Defect detection.
  • Sound wave characterization.
  • Thickness measurement of flaw detection in thin materials.
  • Attenuation measurements.

Question 126

Question
Acoustical lenses are commonly used for contour correction. When scanning the inside of a pipe section by the immersion method, which of the following lens types would be used?
Answer
  • Focused cup
  • Convex
  • Concave
  • Variable pitch

Question 127

Question
When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the part will be:
Answer
  • Longitudinal
  • Shear
  • Surface
  • Lamb

Question 128

Question
The attenuation of energy within a material in the far field of the ultrasonic beam may be expressed as the:
Answer
  • Arithmetic mean
  • Geometrical average
  • Exponential average
  • Exponential decay

Question 129

Question
For aluminum and steel the longitudinal velocity is approximately _________ the shear velocity:
Answer
  • Equal to
  • Twice
  • One-half of
  • Four times

Question 130

Question
Water travel distance for immersion inspections should be:
Answer
  • Such that the second front reflection does not appear between the first front and back reflections.
  • Exactly 3 inches.
  • Less than 3 inches.
  • Always equal to the thickness of the material being inspected.

Question 131

Question
The electronic circuitry that allows selection and processing of only those signals relating to discontinuities that occur in specific zones of a part is called:
Answer
  • An electronic gate.
  • An electronic attenuator.
  • A distance amplitude correction circuit.
  • A fixed marker.

Question 132

Question
When conducting a contact ultrasonic test, the "hash" or irregular signals that appear in the CRT display of the area being inspected could be caused by:
Answer
  • Fine grains in the structure.
  • Dirt in the water couplant.
  • Coarse grains in the structure.
  • A thick but tapered back surface.

Question 133

Question
In inspecting a 4-inch diameter threaded steel cylinder for radial cracks extending from the root of the threads, it would be preferable to transmit:
Answer
  • Shear waves at an angle to the threads.
  • Longitudinal waves from the end of the cylinder and perpendicular to the direction of the thread roots.
  • Surface waves perpendicular to the thread roots.
  • Shear waves around the circumference of the cylinder.

Question 134

Question
In an immersion inspection of raw material, the water travel distance should be:
Answer
  • Exactly 3 inches.
  • Equal to 3 inches (plus or minus 1/2 inch).
  • Equal to the water travel distance used in setting up on the reference standards.
  • Equal to the thickness of a material.

Question 135

Question
The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters a medium of different velocity than the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interface between the two media is called:
Answer
  • The angle of incidence.
  • The angle of refraction.
  • The angle of rarefaction.
  • The angle of reflection.

Question 136

Question
The process of adjusting an instrument or device to a reference standard is referred to as:
Answer
  • Angulation
  • Scanning
  • Correcting for distance-amplitude variations
  • Calibration

Question 137

Question
An electron tube in which a beam of electrons from the cathode is used to reproduce an image on a fluorescent screen at the end of the tube is referred to as:
Answer
  • An amplifier tube
  • A pulser tube
  • A cathode ray tube
  • A sweep tube

Question 138

Question
A grouping of a number of crystals in one search unit, with all contact surfaces in the sample plane, and vibrating in phase with each other to act as a single transducer is called a:
Answer
  • Focusing crystal
  • Crystal mosaic
  • Scrubber
  • Single plane manipulator

Question 139

Question
The scattering of the ultrasonic energy of an ultrasonic beam due to reflection from a highly polished surface is called:
Answer
  • Angulation
  • Dispersion
  • Refraction
  • Rarefaction

Question 140

Question
The angle of reflection is:
Answer
  • Equal to the angle of incidence.
  • Dependent on the couplant used.
  • Dependent on the frequency used.
  • Equal to the angle of refraction.

Question 141

Question
The angular position of the reflecting surface of a planar discontinuity with respect to the entry surface is referred to as:
Answer
  • The angle of incidence.
  • The angle of refraction.
  • The orientation of the discontinuity.
  • None of the above.

Question 142

Question
A short burst of alternating electrical energy is called:
Answer
  • A continuous wave
  • A peaked DC voltage
  • An ultrasonic wave
  • A pulse

Question 143

Question
In ultrasonic testing, the time duration of the transmitted pulse is referred to as:
Answer
  • The pulse length or pulse width
  • The pulse amplitude
  • The pulse shape
  • None of the above

Question 144

Question
The phenomenon by which a wave strikes a boundary and changes the direction of its propagation within the same medium is referred to as:
Answer
  • Divergence
  • Impedance
  • Angulation
  • Reflection

Question 145

Question
The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one medium to another whose velocity differs from that of the first medium is called:
Answer
  • Refraction
  • Rarefaction
  • Angulation
  • Reflection

Question 146

Question
The coated inside surface of the large end of a cathode ray tube which becomes luminous when struck by an electron beam is called:
Answer
  • An electron gun
  • An electron amplifier
  • A CRT screen
  • An electron counter
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