Paediatric Dentistry PMU- Part 3 (units 11-15)

Abnormalities in tooth morphology are alterations in number, shape, size and position of tooth

Tooth germination arises when two teeth develop from one tooth bud as a result of an abortive attempt of the single tooth bud to divide.

Fusion of teeth may occur only in upper teeth.

Dilaceration is a developmental disturbance in the number of teeth.

Microdontia is a developmental disturbance in the number of the teeth.

Macrodontia is where teeth are larger than usual size.

Supernumerary teeth are formed as a result of hyperplasia of dental lamina.

Fusion of teeth is a developmental disturbance in the:

Cusp of carabelli is a characteristic morphological anomaly of the:

The tubercle of Zuckerkandl is a characteristic morphological anomaly of the:

Dilaceration is:

microdontia is associated with:

Hyperdontia is occurs most frequently in:

Hyperdontia vera is a condition

most common causes of hypodontia are:

diastema is:

Anatropism is:

ankylosis of a tooth is an abnormality in the

The right combination of statements about tooth impaction is : 1.it results from a failure of a tooth to erupt because of some physical barrier in its path of the eruption or an unusual position. 2.the lack of eruptive force can be the reason for tooth impaction. 3.impacted teeth have a delayed eruption time or are not expected to erupt. 4.caused by trauma.

The right combination of statements about the abnormalities in the shape of teeth is: 1.abnormalities may involve the corn, tooth or both 2. abnormalities in the shape include tooth fusion, tooth gemination, dliaceration, abnormal tubercle, root abnormarlities. 3. abnormalities in the shape include microdontia and macrodontia. 4. abnormalities in the shape can be caused by a trauma or inflammation.

The right combination of statements about fusion of teeth is: 1. abnormality may involve the crown, root or both 2. fusion of teeth occurs most commonly in primary dentition. 3.fusion of teeth occurs in primary and permanent 4.fusion of teeth arises when 2 teeth develop from 1 tooth bud as a result of an abortive attempt of the single tooth bud to divide 5.the tooth has a single wide crown and 2 separate roots or 2 separate crowns and single large root.

right combination of statements about root abnormalities is: 1. root abnormalities include supernumerary roots, abnormal root angulation, considerably longer or shorter root length than the average length 2. tooth has a single wide crown and two separate roots. 3.there are curved or branched root canals 4.dental radiographs identify abnormal roots

the right combination of statements about hypodontia is: 1. condition of presence of a higher than normal number of teeth 2.condition at which the patient has missing teeth as a result of the failure of them teeth to develop 3.only occurs in primary dentition 4.occurs more commonly in permanent dentition 5. absence of the wisdom teeth, upper lateral incisors, and second premolars is relatively common

right combination of statements about anodontia is: 1.describes a condition where the patient is missing up to five permanent teeth 2. found in upper and lower jaw 3.complete lack of teeth development 4. ectodermal dysplasia is a common cause 5.failure of tooth to erupt due to some physical barrier in its path of eruption

tooth impaction may be cause by factors such as : 1.mechanical obstacle 2. poor nutrition in children 3.malposition of the tooth germ 4. ectodermal dysplasia

abnormalities of teeth are classified according to their causes into: a. [blank_start]genetic[blank_end] b. [blank_start]congenital[blank_end] c. [blank_start]acquired[blank_end]

small addition cusp at the mesiopalatal line angle of the first permanent molar and the second primary molar is called the [blank_start]cusp of caraebelli[blank_end]

a pronounced bulge on the medial side in the cervical third of the buccal surface of the first primary molar is called tubercle of [blank_start]zuckerkandl[blank_end]

an angulation or a sharp bend or curve in the root or crown of a formed tooth is called [blank_start]dilacerations[blank_end]

supernumerary teeth, smaller than the normal teeth, are [blank_start]rudimentary in size[blank_end] with a [blank_start]peg shaped crown[blank_end] and are called '[blank_start]odontoid structures[blank_end]'.

supernumerary tooth present in the midline of the anterior maxilla between two central incisors is called [blank_start]mesiodens[blank_end]

hyperdontia is divided in two groups 1.[blank_start]pseudohyperdontia[blank_end] 2.[blank_start]hyperdontia vera[blank_end]

hypodontia is divided in two groups 1.[blank_start]pseudohypodontia[blank_end] 2.[blank_start]hypodontia vera[blank_end]

abnormalities in the positions of the teeth are: 1. tooth [blank_start]transposition[blank_end] 2. tooth [blank_start]displacement[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]diastema and trema[blank_end] 4. tooth [blank_start]rotation[blank_end] 5. tooth [blank_start]within a tooth[blank_end] 6. [blank_start]dental ankylosis[blank_end] 7. tooth [blank_start]impaction[blank_end] 8. tooth [blank_start]aberration[blank_end]

Match the abnormalities in the shape of the teeth with their characteristics: a. fusion of teeth [blank_start]3 9 11[blank_end] b. tooth germination [blank_start]2 10[blank_end] c. abnormal tubercles [blank_start]5 7 8[blank_end] d. dilaceration [blank_start]4 6[blank_end] e. tooth abnormalities [blank_start]1[blank_end] 1. these abnormalities include supernumerary roots, abnormal root angulation, considerably longer or shorter tooth length than the average length 2. tooth has one main large crown partially separated with a cleft in its cervical third and a single root 3. fusion may involve the crown, root or both 4. angulation or a sharp bend or curve in the tooth or crown of a formed tooth 5. there are variations in the shape size and number of the tubercles 6. deviation from the normal axis of the apical part of the root by 20 degrees or more /90 degrees/ 7. tubercle of carabelli 8. tubercle zuckerkandll 9. tooth has a single wide crown with 2 separate roots 10. it arises when 2 teeth develop from 1 tooth bud as a result of abortive attempt of a single tooth bud to divide 11. tooth has 2 separate crowns and a single large root.

Match the abnormalities in the size of teeth with their characteristics: a. microdontia [blank_start]2 3 5 7[blank_end] b. macrodontia [blank_start]1 4 6[blank_end] 1. teeth are larger than normal for that particular type of tooth 2. teeth are smaller than normal for that particular type of tooth 3. teeth are rudimentary in size and form with a peg shaped crown 4. oral manifestation of gigantism 5. oral manifestation of dwarfism 6. genetic disorder 7. oral manifestation of ectodermal dysplasia

match abnormalities in number of teeth with characteristics: a. hyperdontia [blank_start]1 4[blank_end] b. hypodontia [blank_start]2 3 6[blank_end] c. anadontia [blank_start]5 6[blank_end] 1. teeth may be morphologically similar to or dissimilar in size and shape compared with normal teeth 2. usually affects wisdom teeth and upper lateral incisors 3. condition at which the patient has few missing teeth as a result of the failure of those teeth to develop 4. condition of presence of a tiger than normal number of teeth 5. complete lack of teeth development 6. oral manifestation of ectodermal dysplasia

find the correspondence between the 2 columns: a. pseudohyperdontia [blank_start]2[blank_end] b.hyperdontia vera [blank_start]1 3[blank_end] c.pseudohypordontia [blank_start]4[blank_end] d. hypodontia vera [blank_start]5 6 7[blank_end] 1. oral condition characterised by having a supernumerary teeth from the same dentition 2. oral condition characterised by having a supernumerary teeth from the other mention- extra primary teeth in the permanent mention or extra permanent teeth in the primary dentition 3. abnormality occurs as a result of hyperplasia of dental lamina 4. tooth is prevented from erupting due to some physical barrier in its path of eruption or an unusual position 5. lack of some tooth development 6. pral manifestation of ectodermal dysplasia 7. due to the destruction of thee tooth bud because of some physical factors.

Match the abnormalities in the position of teeth with their characteristics: a. tooth transposition [blank_start]3 10[blank_end] b. dystopia/ displacement [blank_start]4 11[blank_end] c. diastema [blank_start]5[blank_end] d. tooth rotation [blank_start]7 12[blank_end] e. dens invaginatus [blank_start]2[blank_end] f. anatropism [blank_start]6[blank_end] g. tooth aberration [blank_start]9 14[blank_end] h. tooth impaction [blank_start]1 13 14[blank_end] i. ankylosed teeth [blank_start]8[blank_end] 1. tooth is presented from erupting due to some physical barrier in its path of eruption or an unusual position 2. condition of an invagination of calcified layers of tooth into the body of the tooth 3. anomaly where two adjacent teeth have changed their positions in the dental arch 4. tooth erupts in an outward position of the dental arch 5. space between 2 upper incisors 6. growth of tooth root is in complete opposite upward pointed direction 7. tooth is located in its correct position in the dental arch but rooted around longitudinal axis 9. condition of an incomplete eruption of a tooth because of the fusion of cementum with surrounding bone and the retained tooth remains in a position below the occlusal plane of the adjacent teeth 9.toth remains stick in the bone and no tooth movements occur 10. canines and first premolars are most often involved 11. 2 types of abnormality- heterotopia and ectotopia 12. roared teeth are single rooted teeth 13.these teeth have a delayed eruption time 14. it may be sure to a lack of eruptive force

There are genetic endogenous and exogenous factors in the etiology of dental dysplasia.

Structural abnormalities of teeth occur as a result of disturbance of histogenesis of dental hard tissues during the different stages of tooth development.

Hypoplasia is a disturbance of mineralization which results in a normal process of organic matrix production and an insufficient mineralisation.

Dyschromia refers to an alteration of the colour of a tooth

Dysplasiae dentales congenitae, involving permanent teeth occur as a result of disease during pregnancy

Taurodontism occurs in multirooted teeth - permanent molars and premolars

General diseases in children up to three years of age result in structural abnormalities in permanent teeth

Dysplasia is

Hypoplasia is a result of disturbance of the

Hypomaturation is a result of disturbance of the

disturbances that occur between the third and sixth month of pregnancy result in

Disturbances that occur between the sixth and ninth month of pregnancy result in

Inherited disorders of tooth development result from

Characteristics of Amelogenesis imperfecta, hypoplastic type are:

characteristics of amelogenesis imperfecta, hypomaturation type are

characteristics of coronal dentin dysplasia are

characteristics of radicular dentin dysplasia are

choose incorrect statement about taurodontism

Characteristics of dysplasiae dentales congenitae are

the right combination of statements about the congenital hypoplasia of enamel is: 1.all of the primary teeth are affected 2.all of the permanent teeth are affected 3.its a result of diseases during pregnancy 4.the teeth are of normal shape 5.visible defects in enamel are present on eruption of tooth

the right combination of statements about congenital hypomineralization is: 1. it is a result of disturbances that occur between the sixth and ninth month of pregnance 2. all primary teeth affected 3. all permanent teeth affected 4. defects are located at sites of predilection for caries 5. the teeth are of normal shape, size and colour, whereas enamel tends to wear away from underlying dentin

the right combination of statements about enamel hypoplasia due to congenital syphilis is 1. teeth are of normal shape 2. shape and structure of teeth are irregular 3. the permanent upper incisors have a v-notch on the center of the incisal edge and a tapered shape from the cervix to the incisal edge and appear as screwdrivers/ Hutchinson's teeth 4. pigmentation of teeth 5. an altered crown shape of the first permanent molars with a narrow occlusal table where enamel appears to be arranged in an agglomerate mass of globules

the right combination of statements about Dental fluorosis is: 1. the origin of dental fluorosis is supposed to be genetic 2. it is an acquired dysplasia of permanent teeth in children who are excessively exposed to high concentrations of fluoridehifher than 1,5 mg/l/ during the first 7 years of life 3. the fluoride ions directly affect ameloblasts 4. the dean index classifies fluorosis in two types 5. the severity od dental flurosis depends on the amount and duration of fluoride exposure anf the age of teh chils

the right combination of statements about turners hypoplasia 1. there are changes in the shape of the tooth crown 2. it is acquired dysplasia 3. there is a colour change of the tooth crown 4. turners hypoplasia is due to disruption in the process of enamel matrix formation 5. turners hypoplasia usually affects only one permanent successor of primary tooth

The factors in the etiology of dental dysplasia are [blank_start]genetic,[blank_end] [blank_start]endogenous[blank_end] and [blank_start]exogenous[blank_end]

3 endogenous factors in the etiology of acquired dental dysplasia: [blank_start]rickets[blank_end], [blank_start]icterus[blank_end], [blank_start]hypovitaminosis[blank_end]

the affected teeth in a patient with rickets in the first year of life are [blank_start]permanent 1st molar[blank_end], [blank_start]incisors[blank_end] and [blank_start]canines[blank_end]

the classification of dental dysplasia according to etiological factors is [blank_start]hereditary[blank_end], [blank_start]congenital[blank_end] and [blank_start]acquired[blank_end]

types of dysplasiae dentales congenitae are [blank_start]hypoplasia[blank_end], [blank_start]hypomineralisation[blank_end], [blank_start]pigmentation[blank_end]

the statements about amelogenesis imperfecta that are CORRECT are

the statements about dysplasiae dentales acquisitae that are CORRECT are

match the types of amelogenesis imperfecta with their characteristics: A- hypoplastic type ( [blank_start]2[blank_end], [blank_start]3[blank_end], [blank_start]4[blank_end], [blank_start]7[blank_end]) B- Hypomaturation and hypocalcification ( [blank_start]1[blank_end], [blank_start]4[blank_end] , [blank_start]5[blank_end] , [blank_start]6[blank_end] ) 1- soft, rough, opaque white to yellow brown enamel surface 2- hard, yellowish brown enamel surface 3- lines, pits or grooves in the whole thin enamel or certain areas 4- affects all the teeth in primary and permanent 5- teeth erupt with normal size and shape 6- enamel loss and exposure of underlying dentin 7- small teeth, lack proximal contact

Match the type of dentinogenesis imperfecta with their characteristics: A- coronal dysplasia ( [blank_start]5[blank_end] ) B- Radicular ([blank_start]2[blank_end], [blank_start]4,[blank_end] [blank_start]6[blank_end] ) C- Fibrous ( [blank_start]1[blank_end], [blank_start]4[blank_end] ) D- Hereditary opalescent dentin ( [blank_start]7[blank_end] ) E- Taurodontism ( [blank_start]3[blank_end] , [blank_start]4 ,[blank_end] [blank_start]8[blank_end] ) 1- radiodense material of fibrotic dentin found in pulp chamber and canals 2- disorders affect radicular dentin 3- affects primary molars and premolars 4- teeth are of normal shape and colour5 5- affected teeth are amber in colour 6- teeth have normal colour, short, blunted, malformed roots 7- affected teeth are blue-grey 8- enlargement of pulp chamber due to apical displacement of furcation area

match types of dysplasia with their characteristics: A- Enamel hypoplasia due to congenital syphilis ([blank_start]3, 5[blank_end]) B- dental fluorosis ([blank_start]2, 4)[blank_end] C- Turners hypoplasia [blank_start]1[blank_end] 1-usually affects only a single permanent successor of primary tooth 2- fluoride ions directly affect ameloblasts 3- crowns of first permanent molars irregular and enamel of occlusal surface arranged in agglomerate mass or globules 4- it is dysplasia of permanent teeth in children who are excessively exposed to high concentration of fluoride 5- hutchinsons teeth

The structures of the oral cavity work together to maintain the physiological integrity of the oral cavity

Oral ecology is a science that studies only the interrelationships between organisms in the oral cavity

Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units to release energy

str. mutans, str. salivarius, str. sanguis are scidogenic bacteria which metabolize the carbohydrates and produce organic acids, which results in a decreased overall pH within the dental plaque

glycolysis is a main metabolic pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in bacteria

fungal species make up 98% of the total oral flora during first year of life

The balance of oral microflora can shift due to changes in

The spherical shaped bacteria are called

rod- shaped or cylindrical bacteria are called

the microorganisms in the oral cavity include

entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax are

the characteristics of fungi include

Gram positive genera are

the streptococci are most frequently isolated from the

commensalism is

protein synthesis in microorganisms occurs in the

bacteria with strong acidogenic abillity are

anaerobic bacteria appear in the oral cavity of a newborn child

the bacterial flora of the oral cavity includes 1- streptococcus salivarius 2-entamoeba gingivalis 3-streptococcus mutans 4-fusobacterium 5-candida albicans 6-actinomycetes odontolyticus 7- trichhomonas tenax

functions of salivary mucin are: 1- it is responsible for salivary viscocity 2- it is responsible for the transport of iron ions in saliva 3- it coats the mucosal surface and acts as a barrier in preventing bacterial access to the epithelial cells of oral mucosa 4- it slows down the growth of candida

functions of antimicrobial factors IgM igA igG are: 1- they provide protection of the gums against vacterial invasion 2- they provide rotection of the tooth surface against bacterial infection 3- they are specific antibidoes which are produced in response to specific antigen 4- they simulate the microbial growth

the bacterial virulence factors that maintain oral eubiosis include: 1- adhesion 2- coaggregation 3- adsorption 4- absorption

the exogenous factors that maintain oral eubiosis include: 1- diet 2- salivary flow 3- oral hygiene 4- medication and diseases 5- dental status

Match the items from the first column with related items listed in the second column. A. Bacteria [blank_start]( 1, 4 )[blank_end] B. Protozoa [blank_start](2, 4 )[blank_end] C. Fungi [blank_start](3, 5 )[blank_end] 1- they have double-stranded DNA and a nucleus that is not separate from the rest of the cell by a membrane 2- they range in size from one to several millimetres in length 3- they are capable of rearing a spawn in the mouth cavity 4- they have the ability to move independently 5- they reproduce by budding

match the type of relationship between microorganism with the accurate definition A. Neutralism - [blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Symbiosis - [blank_start]1[blank_end] C. commensalism - [blank_start]2[blank_end] D. Biotropism- [blank_start]4[blank_end] E. Parasitism- [blank_start]3[blank_end] 1- a relationship between two different species in which both benefit from the interaction 2- a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits without affecting the other 3- a non mutual relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host 4- a biological phenomenon, indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism, microorganism in response to stimulation of drugs 5- a class of relationship between two species which interact but do not affect each other