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Philosphy 1010 Final Review Part 1

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PHIL 10101 Professor Lent @ Ohio University. Reviews exams 1 & 2
Danielle Easton
Quiz by Danielle Easton, updated more than 1 year ago
Danielle Easton
Created by Danielle Easton over 9 years ago
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2
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
According to rationalism, experience is required for knowledge.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
Heraclitus is a rationalist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Empiricism is the view that God does not exist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
He is regarded as the first philosopher.
Answer
  • Heraclitus
  • Pythagoras
  • Socrates
  • None of the above

Question 5

Question
Which of the following philosophers are empiricists?
Answer
  • Heraclitus
  • Parmenides
  • Pythagoras
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Question 6

Question
He held that everything is being, that nothing changes.
Answer
  • Pythagoras
  • Parmenides
  • Thales
  • Heraclitus

Question 7

Question
He held that all is water.
Answer
  • Thales
  • Parmenides
  • Pythagoras
  • None of the above

Question 8

Question
He held that everything is fire.
Answer
  • Thales
  • Parmenides
  • Pythagoras
  • Heraclitus

Question 9

Question
He held that everything is in a constant state of flux/change
Answer
  • Heraclitus
  • Parmenides
  • Pythagoras
  • Thales

Question 10

Question
Who said you cannot step twice in the same river?
Answer
  • Thales
  • Parmenides
  • Pythagoras
  • None of the above

Question 11

Question
Plato is a rationalist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
According to Plato, if you believe something is true and it is true, then you know that it's true.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
According to Plato, knowledge is true belief plus?
Answer
  • an account
  • the logos
  • the reason/rational explanation
  • All of the above
  • None of the above. Knowlege is nothing more than true belief.

Question 14

Question
Epistmology is
Answer
  • the view that all knowledge comes through reason
  • the view that all knowledge comes through experience
  • None of the above

Question 15

Question
In the Allegory of the Cave, the prisoners
Answer
  • see only the shadows of things, not the things themselves.
  • believe they know what reality is like.
  • don't know they are prisoners
  • are just like us.
  • All of the above.

Question 16

Question
"Does God exist?" is
Answer
  • an ethical question.
  • an epistemological question.
  • an ontological question.
  • All of the above.

Question 17

Question
The inside of the cave represents
Answer
  • the world of appearance.
  • the empirical world
  • a world in a constant state of flux.
  • All of the above

Question 18

Question
On Plato's view,
Answer
  • although the forms are not physical, they may be seen with physical eyes.
  • although the forms are not mental, they exist only in they mind.
  • forms are more real than physical objects.
  • All of the above

Question 19

Question
Plato's view is a dualist view because
Answer
  • he had two personalities.
  • he famously beat Heraclitus in a duel.
  • he had only two beliefs: Socrates is a man and Socrates is mortal.
  • he believed in two kinds of things, material things and nonmaterial things

Question 20

Question
According to Plato,
Answer
  • The thing that is the most real is The Good.
  • There are two utlimate realities, The Good and The Bad.
  • There are three ultimate realities, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.
  • Nothing is real. There's nothing to get hung about.

Question 21

Question
Why is Socrates on trial?
Answer
  • For molesting young boys.
  • For plagiarizing Plato's ideas.
  • For corrupting the youth of Athens through philosophy.
  • All of the above

Question 22

Question
Who tries to convince Socrates to escape from prison?
Answer
  • Plato
  • Plato's little sister Denise
  • Socrates' young friend Crito
  • Alexander the Great

Question 23

Question
Socrates rejects the reasons in favor of escaping.  Why does he reject the reasons given?
Answer
  • The reasons given concern the physical concequences of leaving.
  • According to Socrates, the reasons given don't have anything to do with whether it is right to leave.
  • According to Socrates, the physical consequences, those that are known empirically, are not relevent to what is right.
  • All of the above.

Question 24

Question
Socrates believes that if he leaves, he will be breaking his just agreement with the state.  How does he know that breaking just agreements is wrong?
Answer
  • Whenever he has broken his just agreements in the past and when he has observed others breaking their just agreements, the consequences have always been bad.
  • He knows it empirically.
  • He knows it by reason alone.
  • None of the above.

Question 25

Question
In the Symposium love is defined as the desire always to possess The Good.  What is The Good, according to the view that Socrates learned?
Answer
  • It varies from person to person.
  • It varies from culture to culture
  • Anything a person cares for deeply.
  • All of the above
  • None of the above.

Question 26

Question
On Plato's view, beautiful objects in the physical world are only shadows of beauty itself.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Beauty itself is not physical.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Beauty itself, like justice itself, is a form, an immaterial object and therefore can be perceived only by reason, not by the senses.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
On Plato's view, true beauty is in the eye of the beholder so that what is truely beautiful is just a matter of opinion.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
Like Plato's Allegory of the Cave, which represents the process of enlightenment whereby one turns from the less real to the more real, Plato's ladder of love represents the pursuit of love to be an assent from what is less real to what is more real. 
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
 If an argument is valid, then  
Answer
  • its conclusion must be true.
  • if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
  • its premises are all true
  • All of the above

Question 32

Question
1. If God exists, then all is well. All is not well Therefore God does not exist The above argument is:
Answer
  • Valid
  • Invalid

Question 33

Question
1.  If God exists, then all is well. All is not well Therefore God does not exist The above argument is an example of
Answer
  • Modus Ponens
  • Modus Tollens
  • Denying the antecedent
  • Affirming the consequent

Question 34

Question
Which of the following is true
Answer
  • If an argument is valid, all its premises are true  
  • If an argument is sound, it is also valid
  • If an argument is valid, it is also sound
  • All of the above

Question 35

Question
Which of the following is true?
Answer
  •  If an argument is an example of denying the antecedent, its conclusion is always false
  • If an argument is sound, its conclusion is true
  • If an argument is an example of Modus Ponens its conclusion is always true
  • All of the above

Question 36

Question
Different cultures have different moral standards is
Answer
  • descriptive
  • prescriptive

Question 37

Question
Ethical Relativism is descriptive
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
 If different cultures have different moral standards, then Ethical Relativism is true.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
If Ethical Relativism is true,  when a culture changes its morals, the change is neither moral progress nor moral decline.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
 If something is the case, then it ought to be the case.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
If a statement is prescriptive,
Answer
  •  it is merely a matter of opinion
  • it is descriptive
  • it is normative
  • None of the above

Question 42

Question
 If Ethical Relativism is true,  then one's culture is always by definition right
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
If Ethical Relativism is true, a moral reformer who seeks to reform a culture's morals is always by definition wrong.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
The consensus among philosophers is that Ethical Relativism is
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
1. If candy is dandy, then liquor is quicker Candy is dandy Therefore liquor is quicker. The above argument is
Answer
  • Valid
  • Invalid

Question 46

Question
There really is a difference between good reasoning and bad
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
Aristotle was Socrates' teacher.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
1. Plato and Aristotle disagreed over
Answer
  • how to divide Socrates' vast estate
  • whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah
  • the nature of forms
  • the nature of sexual desire

Question 49

Question
Aristotle believed that the forms are in material objects, not that material objects are mere shadows of immaterial forms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
According to Epicurus, we should do what reason says, even if doing so makes everyone unhappy.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
Epicurus was a materialist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
The Stoics were like Plato in that they believed in the use of reason over emotion, but they were unlike Plato in that they were ontological materialists.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Philo lived
Answer
  • at about the same time as Plato and Aristotle
  • at about the same time as Epicurus
  • at about the same time as Jesus and Paul
  • All of the above. Philo lived a very long life.

Question 54

Question
For Plato, The Good is a non-personal entity to be contemplated.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
For Justin Martyr, The Good is God, a person to be worshipped, not merely to be contemplated.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
Which of the following is true?
Answer
  • Philo tried to synthesize Greek philosophy with the Hebrew scriptures.
  • Justin Martyr tried to synthesize Greek and Hebrew thought with Christianity.
  • Both of the above
  • None of the above.

Question 57

Question
Why does Descartes set out to doubt everything?
Answer
  • He had grown angry and bitter towards God.
  • To prove that nothing can be known.
  • To build a foundation for scientific knowledge.
  • To build a foundation that helps needy philosophers.

Question 58

Question
Rationalism is the view that all knowledge comes through reason, not though sensory experience.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 59

Question
Even though he knows the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is still an empiricist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
1. On what grounds does Descartes doubt even immediate empirical judgments such as, "I am seated here now"?
Answer
  • He drank too much and began to doubt everything.
  • He might be dreaming
  • He doesn't doubt it: it's his first truth, something that cannot be doubted.
  • None of the above.

Question 61

Question
The main conclusion of the wax example is that the senses are known deceivers.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
According to Descartes, physical bodies are perceived by reason alone.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 63

Question
According to Descartes, the mind is identical to the brain.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
1. Descartes observes that he can doubt the existence of his body, but that he cannot doubt the existence of his soul.  What conclusion does he draw from this?
Answer
  • The senses are known deceivers
  • He might be dreaming
  • There might be an evil genius
  • The body is not identical to the soul.

Question 65

Question
Descartes thinks he has shown the falsity of the supposition that an evil genius exists by proving that a perfect being exists, one who is not a deceiver.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
Our ideas of primary properties correctly represent the world.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
Our ideas of secondary properties do not represent the world.  They are the result of causal powers in objects that produce these ideas in us.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 68

Question
Why is it important philosophically for Descartes to argue that God exists?
Answer
  • He felt very vulnerable all alone in the cabin while he was engaging in his meditations, and he needed the comfort of knowing someone was watching out for him.
  • To write a book that did not prove God’s existence would have made Descartes a criminal in the eyes of the law.
  • If a perfect God exists, then the Evil Genius does not.
  • Descartes argues against the idea of a perfect being so that, being himself imperfect, he might feel better about himself.

Question 69

Question
How does Descartes argue that God exists?
Answer
  • He came up with the famous statement, Credo, Biblio, Veritas (The Bible says it, I believe it, and that settles it).
  • He argues that the perfect functioning of the material world provides evidence of a perfect intelligent designer.
  • He begins with only the ideas in his mind, since that is all he can be certain of at that point
  • All of the above.

Question 70

Question
Does Descartes believe he has the idea of perfection?
Answer
  • Yes. That is the only way he could know that he, himself, is imperfect.
  • No. He has no idea of perfection and that is how he knows that he himself is perfect.

Question 71

Question
Our ideas of secondary properties, such as our idea of red, do not resemble anything in the object that produce the ideas in us. 
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
Though Descartes believes in his own existence as well as God’s, he does not believe in a material world, even at the end. 
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 73

Question
Does Descartes know that he, himself, is imperfect?
Answer
  • Yes. Because he doubts, he knows he is imperfect.
  • No. He doubts very much that he is imperfect, since only a perfect being could have discovered The Cogito.

Question 74

Question
Blue and yellow are primary properties, while yellow is a secondary property.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
Because he believes the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is an empiricist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 76

Question
Like Descartes, John Locke is a rationalist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 77

Question
What does it mean to say that we are born a tabula rasa?
Answer
  • We are born with innate ideas.
  • The same thing as cogito ergo sum.
  • We are born without any ideas.
  • All of the above.

Question 78

Question
Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 79

Question
Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 80

Question
Ockham's Razor is
Answer
  • The sword that killed the empiricist Ockham.
  • a principle Locke uses to show that empiricism is superior to rationalism
  • a principle that says, "your argument cuts both ways".
  • an argument in favor of innate ideas

Question 81

Question
According to Locke, some of our ideas correctly represent the world and some do not.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 82

Question
According to Locke, the idea of identity is a simple idea.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 83

Question
Which of the following ideas do not correctly represent the world?
Answer
  • Our idea of red.
  • Our idea of pain.
  • our idea of the sweet taste of sugar.
  • None of the ideas above correctly represent the world, according to Locke.

Question 84

Question
Locke believes our idea of red does not correctly represent reality because he believes the senses are known deceivers.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 85

Question
Descartes thought we could perceive the world directly, while Locke thinks the only thing we perceive directly are the ideas in our mind.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 86

Question
When Locke talks about abstract ideas, he means those ideas that the enlightened person achieves when he or she has turned away from the empirical world.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 87

Question
Which of the following ideas are innate, according to Locke?
Answer
  • Our idea of substance.
  • Our idea of identity
  • Both of the above
  • None of the above.

Question 88

Question
1. Our idea of substance, according to Locke, is
Answer
  • obscure, not clear.
  • an idea of something, but he knows not what.
  • an idea of something that supports or stands under the qualities of a thing,
  • and really is the thing in which all the properties inhere.
  • All of the above.

Question 89

Question
Locke believes that our idea of identity is formed when we experience an idea, for example, the idea of a pink ball, and then experience that same idea again, and then compare the two ideas in our mind and perceive that they are the same.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 90

Question
Locke believes that the mind and body are distinct substances that are only contingently related, that the body is a material substance and the mind is immaterial.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 91

Question
According to Locke, a person is an immaterial substance and so personal identity is nothing more than the continued existence of the same immaterial substance.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 92

Question
When Locke uses the word "man" such as when he considers what it is to be the same man through time, the word "man" means, human.  It is a term that refers to whatever biologists refer to when they refer to humans.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 93

Question
On Locke's view, all humans are persons.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 94

Question
On Locke's view, all persons are humans.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 95

Question
Locke says that a rational parrot should be called a man or a human.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 96

Question
According to Locke, our idea of a person is not the idea of an immaterial substance but the idea of a thinking intelligent being with self-awareness.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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