COMPOSITION OF MATTER

Matter CANNOT be a mixture, it can obly be a pure substance

Substances have [blank_start]definite compositions[blank_end] and [blank_start]uniform properties[blank_end]

[blank_start]ELEMENTS[blank_end] are substances made of only one kind of atom; can't be chemically changed/separated [blank_start]COMPOUNDS[blank_end] formed when atoms of two or more elements combine chemically

[blank_start]HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES[blank_end] - aka solutions - Uniform properties within the sample - Appear as only one phase [blank_start]HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES[blank_end] - Non-uniform properties - Components usually separate into distinct regions - e.g. suspensions and colloids

[blank_start]SUSPENSIONS[blank_end] - Mixtures whose parts havd enough weight diff. - Easily separate by decantation [blank_start]COLLOIDS[blank_end] - Mixtures that appear fo be homogenous - Exhbits Tyndall Effect - Sometimes appear cloudy

What do you call this effect?

Which mixture is a solution?

The state of the solution is not dependent on the state of the solvent

[blank_start]SOLUTE[blank_end] is the dissolved substance [blank_start]SOLVENT[blank_end] is the dissolving medium

[blank_start]SATURATION CONCENTRATION[blank_end] is the extent of Solubility

Factors affecting solubility:

Nature of Solute and Solvent: Nonpolar Solvents dissolve Polar & Ionic Solutes

Temperature: Gasses occupy more space when temperature is increades making it harder to mix w/ the solvent

Pressure: [blank_start]Henry's[blank_end] Law states that solubility of a gas increases with partial pressure of the gas above the liquid >> pressure makes the solvent dissolve the compressed solute easier

Factors affecting dissolution:

[blank_start]CONCENTRATION[blank_end] is the relative amt of solute contained in a solution

What are reactive solutions?

[blank_start]BASES[blank_end] - pH > 7 and pOH < 7 - usually tastes bitter - turns red litmus paper blue - aqueous oxides of metals are usually this [blank_start]ACIDS[blank_end] - pH < 7 and pOH > 7 - blue litmus paper -> red - aqueous oxides of nonmetals are usually this

The lower the pH (potential of Hydrogen), the more acidic the solution is

[blank_start]NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS[blank_end] - type of double displacement reaction wherein the products of the acid and the base are H2O and salt (an ionic compound)