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Biochemistry MCQs- MAY 10

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Quiz on Biochemistry MCQs- MAY 10, created by MatthewEllis96 on 03/02/2015.
MatthewEllis96
Quiz by MatthewEllis96, updated more than 1 year ago
MatthewEllis96
Created by MatthewEllis96 almost 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
WHICH OF THESE LISTS CONTAINS ONLY MONOSACCHARIDES?
Answer
  • Glucose, galactose, fructose
  • Sucrose, lactose, mannose
  • Glucose, galactose, lactose
  • Glucose, galactose, sucrose

Question 2

Question
STARCH IS SYNTHESISED BY:
Answer
  • Plants
  • Insects
  • Cancer cells
  • All of the above

Question 3

Question
WHICH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ARE PRESENT IN THE STRAIGHT CHAIN FORM OF FRUCTOSE?
Answer
  • Aldehyde and amine
  • Amine and ketone
  • Ketone and alcohol
  • Amine and alcohol

Question 4

Question
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE, WHAT IS THE NET GAIN OF ATP IN GLYCOLYSIS?
Answer
  • No molecules
  • 2 molecules
  • 4 molecules
  • 8 molecules

Question 5

Question
A DISEASE IS CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE GENES ENCODING ENZYMES IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY. WHICH SUGAR WILL PATIENTS BE UNABLE TO METABOLISE?
Answer
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • Mannose

Question 6

Question
PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS ARE:
Answer
  • Associated with integral membrane proteins
  • Covalently linked to lipid molecules
  • Always glycosylated
  • Inserted into the membrane such that they have residues exposed on both sides

Question 7

Question
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A METABOLIC ENZYME IS LIKELY TO BE:
Answer
  • Very different, even in closely related organisms
  • Similar in different mammals, but different between mammals and the bacteria living in their guts
  • Similar in all animals, but different in plants
  • Highly conserved through evolution by natural selection

Question 8

Question
THE CALVIN CYCLE (“DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS):
Answer
  • Uses sucrose and NADPH
  • Generates sucrose and NADPH
  • Uses sucrose and generates NADPH
  • Generates sucrose and uses NADPH

Question 9

Question
A SATURATED FATTY ACID WITH 18 CARBONS WILL BE OXIDISED BY β-OXIDATION TO GIVE:
Answer
  • 18 molecules of CoA
  • 18 molecules of acetyl-CoA
  • 9 molecules of CoA
  • 9 molecules of acetyl-CoA

Question 10

Question
WHICH OF THESE FATTY ACIDS IS LIKELY TO HAVE THE LOWEST MELTING TEMPERATURE?
Answer
  • An 18 carbon saturated fatty acid
  • An 18 carbon fatty acid with one double bond
  • A 16 carbon saturated fatty acid
  • A 16 carbon fatty acid with two double bonds

Question 11

Question
THE SUGAR RESIDUE IN ATP IS:
Answer
  • Ribose
  • Deoxyribose
  • Ribulose
  • Raffinose

Question 12

Question
THE CONVERSION OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE TO 1,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN GLYCOLYSIS REQUIRES:
Answer
  • ATP and NAD+
  • Inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) and NADH
  • Inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) and NAD+
  • ATP and NADH

Question 13

Question
IN MAMMALIAN CELLS UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO LACTATE REGENERATES WHICH MOLECULE?
Answer
  • NADH
  • NAD+
  • FAD
  • ATP

Question 14

Question
CONSIDER GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS’ TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE TOGETHER. WHICH IS THE FIRST STEP WHICH RELEASES CARBON DIOXIDE?
Answer
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • Pyruvate → Acetyl Coenzyme A
  • Citrate → Isocitrate
  • Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate

Question 15

Question
THE DECARBOXYLATION OF ISOCITRATE TO PRODUCE α-KETOGLUTARATE IN THE KREBS’ TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE REQUIRES:
Answer
  • NADP+
  • NAD+
  • NADPH
  • NADH

Question 16

Question
THE SEQUENCE OF REACTIONS OXIDATION-HYDRATION-OXIDATION OCCURS IN WHICH TWO METABOLIC PATHWAYS?
Answer
  • Glycolysis and the Krebs’ tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • Fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis
  • Fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs’ tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • Fatty acid oxidation and the Leloir pathway

Question 17

Question
THE REACTION: PYRUVATE + CARBON DIOXIDE + ATP → OXALOACETATE + ADP + PI, WHICH IS CATALYSED BY THE ENZYME PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE IS IMPORTANT IN WHICH TWO PROCESSES?
Answer
  • Replenishing the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and gluconeogenesis
  • Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
  • Gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis
  • Replenishing the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and glycolysis

Question 18

Question
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE PRECURSORS ARE:
Answer
  • Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
  • Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
  • Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
  • Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules

Question 19

Question
PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY?
Answer
  • Anabolic
  • Catabolic
  • Amphibolic
  • Hyperbolic

Question 20

Question
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ENDOTHERMS?
Answer
  • They generate most of their heat through internal processes
  • They get most of their heat from the environment
  • They generate most of their heat from external processes
  • They cannot regulate their body temperature

Question 21

Question
PARATHYROID HORMONE HELPS REGULATE:
Answer
  • Body fluids
  • Blood calcium
  • Body temperature
  • Breathing

Question 22

Question
A COMMON MECHANISM FOR INHIBITING METABOLIC PATHWAYS IS:
Answer
  • A build up of substrates
  • A build up of end-products
  • Over-activation of enzymes
  • Synthesis of new enzymes

Question 23

Question
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE:
Answer
  • Activates fructose bisphosphatase-1
  • Activates phosphofructokinase-1
  • Inhibits phosphofructokinase-2
  • Activates phosphofructokinase-2

Question 24

Question
ANAEROBIC MUSCLE CELLS PRODUCE LACTIC ACID TO RECYCLE:
Answer
  • NADH to NAD+ via the action of lactate dehydrogenase
  • NADH to NAD+ via the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
  • NAD+ to NADH via the action of lactate dehydrogenase
  • NAD+ to NADH via the action of alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 25

Question
OXYGENATION OF ANAEROBIC YEAST CULTURE INDUCES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT", WHICH IS CAUSED BY:
Answer
  • Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased AMP levels
  • Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase by increased ATP levels
  • Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased ATP levels
  • Allosteric stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased AMP levels

Question 26

Question
CYCLIC AMP IS:
Answer
  • An activator of pyruvate kinase
  • An activator of protein kinase A
  • The product of adenylate kinase
  • An activator of phosphofructokinase-1

Question 27

Question
CANCER CELLS PRODUCE LARGE AMOUNTS OF LACTATE EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN BECAUSE THEY:
Answer
  • Lack mitochondria
  • Lack the gene for citrate synthase
  • Possess an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle
  • Have a defective glycerol phosphate shuttle

Question 28

Question
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS IS USUALLY DEPENDANT UPON:
Answer
  • Hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state.
  • Hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state.
  • Hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state.
  • Hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state.

Question 29

Question
MULTIPLICATION OF UBIQUITIN TAGGING:
Answer
  • Inhibits proteosome-mediated protein degradation
  • Is essential for proteosome-mediated protein degradation
  • Enhances proteosome-mediated protein degradation
  • Has nothing to do with proteosome-mediated protein degradation

Question 30

Question
ENZYMES REDUCE THE:
Answer
  • Entropy associated with chemical reactions
  • Enthalpy associated with chemical reactions
  • Gibb’s free energy associated with chemical reactions
  • Activation energy associated with chemical reactions

Question 31

Question
THE TRANSITION STATE IN AN ENZYME-CATALYSED REACTION:
Answer
  • Is always covalently associated with the enzyme.
  • Is never covalently associated with the enzyme.
  • Can never be observed experimentally.
  • Can often be similar in structure to potent enzyme inhibitors.

Question 32

Question
THE ALANINE CYCLE:
Answer
  • Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix.
  • Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the liver to the muscles where it can be used in anabolic processes - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
  • Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the muscles to the liver where it can be effectively removed from the body - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
  • Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.

Question 33

Question
KOSHLAND’S INDUCED FIT MODEL FOR ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX FORMATION MAY EXPLAIN WHY:
Answer
  • Enzymes have particular substrate specificity.
  • Enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
  • Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
  • Enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat

Question 34

Question
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Answer
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site

Question 35

Question
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Answer
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.

Question 36

Question
IF THE ΔG°' OF THE REACTION A → B is –20 kJ/mol, WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS?
Answer
  • The reaction will stop
  • The reaction will proceed spontaneously from B to A
  • The reaction will proceed spontaneously from A to B
  • The reaction will not occur spontaneously

Question 37

Question
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXERGONIC PROCESS?
Answer
  • Biosynthesis of DNA
  • Glycolysis
  • Transport of protons by respiratory chain
  • Brain activity due to the thinking about this question

Question 38

Question
FOR THE FOLLOWING REACTION: L-Malate + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ΔG°' = +29.7 kJ/mol. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS CORRECT?
Answer
  • This reaction can only occur in a cell in which NADH is converted to NAD+ by the respiratory chain
  • This reaction can only occur in a cell if it is coupled to another reaction for which ΔG°' is large and negative
  • This reaction may occur in cells at some concentrations of substrate and product
  • This reaction is energy-releasing

Question 39

Question
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT MIDPOINT REDOX POTENTIALS IS INCORRECT?
Answer
  • Redox potentials can be used to calculate free energy changes
  • Redox potential is measured in volts
  • Oxygen reduction has the highest potential
  • The strongest oxidants have the most negative potential

Question 40

Question
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REDOX COUPLE HAVE THE HIGHEST MIDPOINT REDOX POTENTIAL?
Answer
  • Plastoquinol/plastoquinone
  • NADH/NAD+
  • H2O/½O2
  • Ferrocytochrome c/ferricytochrome c
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