Question 1
Question
Theory of how the self emerges from human interaction that involves people trading symbols (through language and gesture) that are usually consensual and represent abstract properties rather than concrete objects.
Question 2
Question
The self-derived from seeing ourselves as others see us.
Question 3
Question
Self in terms of idiosyncratic traits and close personal relationships.
Question 4
Question
Self in terms of group memberships.
Answer
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Public self (p. 123)
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Social identity (p. 129)
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Private self (p. 123)
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Self-schema (p. 123)
Question 5
Question
State in which you are aware of yourself as an object.
Answer
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Self-Knowledge (p. 123)
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Self-Assessment (p. 135)
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Self-Awareness (p. 122)
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Self-promotion (p. 145)
Question 6
Question
Your private thoughts, feelings and attitudes.
Question 7
Question
How other people see you, your public image.
Question 8
Question
Comparisons between how you actually are and how you would like to be.
Answer
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Self-discrepancy theory (p. 125)
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Self-assessment (p. 135)
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Objective self-awareness (p. 122)
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Self-verification (p. 135)
Question 9
Question
What we know about ourselves and the construction of a sense of who we are.
Question 10
Question
Information about the self.
Question 11
Question
A theory that proposes three types of self-schemas.
Answer
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Social Comparison Theory (Festinger) (p. 128)
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Self-Perception Theory (Bem) (p. 127)
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Self-Discrepancy Theory (p. 125)
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
Question 12
Question
How we currently are.
Answer
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Actual Self (p. 125)
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Ideal Self (p. 125)
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Ought Self (p. 125)
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Private Self (p. 123)
Question 13
Question
How we would like to be.
Answer
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Actual Self (p. 125)
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Ought Self (p. 125)
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Ideal Self (p. 125)
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Public Self (p. 123)
Question 14
Question
How we think we should be.
Answer
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Actual Self (p. 125)
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Ideal Self (p. 125)
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Ought Self (p. 125)
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Public Self (p. 123)
Question 15
Question
A theory proposing that we gain knowledge of ourselves only by making self-attributions.
Answer
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
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Social Comparison Theory (Festinger) (p. 128)
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Self-Perception Theory (Bem) (p. 127)
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Self-Categorisation Theory (p. 132)
Question 16
Question
When obvious external behaviour determinants are absent, free choice of behaviour due to enjoyment is assumed.
Answer
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Private Self (p. 123)
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Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Overjustification effect (p. 127)
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Strategic Self-Presentation (p. 145)
Question 17
Question
A theory proposing that we learn about ourselves through comparisons with others.
Answer
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Self-Perception Theory (Bem) (p. 127)
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
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Self-Discrepancy Theory (p. 125)
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Social Comparison Theory (Festinger) (p. 128)
Question 18
Question
Categorising oneself as a group member and internalising the evaluation of the group.
Answer
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
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Self-Perception Theory (Bem) (p. 127)
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Self-Categorisation Theory (p. 132)
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Strategic Self-Presentation (p. 145)
Question 19
Question
Name-dropping to link yourself with desirable people or groups and thus improve other people’s impression of you.
Answer
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Self-promotion (p. 145)
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BIRGing (Basking in Reflected Glory) (p. 129)
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Self-Enhancement (p. 135)
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
Question 20
Question
Theory of group membership and intergroup relations based on self-categorization, social comparison and the construction of a shared self-definition in terms of ingroup defining properties.
Answer
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Self-Categorisation Theory (p. 132)
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Social Comparison Theory (Festinger) (p. 128)
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
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Self-Discrepancy Theory (p. 125)
Question 21
Question
When a specific social identity is psychologically important for one’s own self identity.
Answer
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Social Identity Salience (p. 132)
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Strategic Self-Presentation (p. 145)
Question 22
Question
Motivation to secure self-knowledge.
Answer
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Self-Esteem (p. 139)
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Self-promotion (p. 145)
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Integration (p. 666)
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Self-Motives (p. 134)
Question 23
Question
Motive to have accurate and valid information about self.
Question 24
Question
Motive to seek self-consistent information.
Question 25
Question
Motive to seek new favourable information about self.
Question 26
Question
Feelings about and evaluations of oneself.
Question 27
Question
By identifying with a group, that group’s prestige and status in society attaches to one’s self-concept. (BIRGing at a group level)
Answer
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Strategic Self-Presentation (p. 145)
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Self-Esteem and Social Identity (p. 140)
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Social Identity (p. 129)
Question 28
Question
A deliberate effort to act in ways that create a particular impression, usually favourable, of ourselves.
Answer
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Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Self-Promotion (p. 145)
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Strategic Self-Presentation (p. 145)
Question 29
Question
Focus on manipulating others perception of one’s self.
Question 30
Question
Trying to persuade others that you are competent.
Answer
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Self-Promotion (p. 145)
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Ingratiation (p. 145)
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Intimidation (p. 145)
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Exemplification (p. 145)
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Supplication (p. 145)
Question 31
Question
Trying to get others to like you.
Answer
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Self-Promotion (p. 145)
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Ingratiation (p. 145)
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Intimidation (p. 145)
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Exemplification (p. 145)
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Supplication (p. 145)
Question 32
Question
Trying to get others to fear you.
Answer
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Self-Promotion (p. 145)
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Ingratiation (p. 145)
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Intimidation (p. 145)
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Exemplification (p. 145)
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Supplication (p. 145)
Question 33
Question
Trying to get others to think of you as morally respectable.
Answer
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Self-Promotion (p. 145)
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Ingratiation (p. 145)
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Intimidation (p. 145)
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Exemplification (p. 145)
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Supplication (p. 145)
Question 34
Question
Trying to get others to pity you as helpless or needy.
Answer
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Self-Promotion (p. 145)
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Ingratiation (p. 145)
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Intimidation (p. 145)
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Exemplification (p. 145)
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Supplication (p. 145)
Question 35
Question
Demonstrate and gain validation through own actions.
Answer
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Self-Esteem (p. 139)
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Strategic Self-Presentation (p. 145)
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Self-Enhancement (p. 135)
Question 36
Question
A set of cognitions and practices that characterise a specific social group and distinguish it from others.
Question 37
Question
Explores cross-cultural western psychological theory validations, culture-specific psychological constructs, universally relevant psychology evolution.
Answer
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
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Cross-Cultural Psychology (p. 640)
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Social Comparison Theory (Festinger) (p. 128)
Question 38
Question
Contrast between psychological constructs that are relatively culture-universal and those that are relatively culture-specific.
Answer
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Cross-Cultural Psychology (p. 640)
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Etic and Emic Perspectives (p. 645)
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Intercultural Contact (p. 662)
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Managing Cultural Diversity (p. 671)
Question 39
Question
Emphasises the independent self in terms of one’s relations and roles relative to other people.
Answer
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Individualistic Culture (Western cultures) (p.654)
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Collectivist Culture (Eastern Cultures) (p. 654)
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
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Self-Categorisation Theory (p. 132)
Question 40
Question
The self as an individual.
Question 41
Question
Enriching experience to conflict.
Question 42
Question
Emphasises the interdependent self in terms of one’s relations and roles relative to other people.
Answer
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Individualistic Culture (Western cultures) (p.654)
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Collectivist Culture (Eastern Cultures) (p. 654)
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Acculturation (p. 666)
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Social Identity Theory (p. 132)
Question 43
Question
The self as a group.
Question 44
Question
Including accents and speech style.
Question 45
Question
Display rules and kinesics.
Answer
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Non-Verbal Behaviour (p. 663)
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Language Barrier
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Expressive Self-Presentation (p. 146)
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Overjustification Effect (p. 127)
Question 46
Question
The process whereby individuals learn about the rules of behaviour characteristic of another culture.
Answer
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Acculturation (p. 666)
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Total Assimilation (p. 671)
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Intercultural Contact (p. 662)
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Social Comparison Theory (Festinger) (p. 128)
Question 47
Question
Maintain home culture but relate to the dominant culture.
Answer
-
Integration (p. 666)
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Assimilation (p. 666)
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Separation (p. 666)
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Marginalisation (p. 666)
Question 48
Question
Surrender home culture and adopt dominant culture.
Answer
-
Integration (p. 666)
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Assimilation (p. 666)
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Separation (p. 666)
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Marginalisation (p. 666)
Question 49
Question
Maintain home culture and feel isolated by dominant culture.
Answer
-
Integration (p. 666)
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Assimilation (p. 666)
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Separation (p. 666)
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Marginalisation (p. 666)
Question 50
Question
Surrender home culture and fail to relate to the dominant culture.
Answer
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Integration (p. 666)
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Assimilation (p. 666)
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Separation (p. 666)
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Marginalisation (p. 666)
Question 51
Question
Assimilation whereby minorities abandon their heritage and adopt host culture.
Question 52
Question
Assimilation whereby minorities assimilate and may modify host culture.
Question 53
Question
Cultural pluralism whereby cultural diversity persists without planning.
Question 54
Question
Cultural pluralism whereby cultural diversity exists though planning.