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Question 1
Question
All organisms require the following macronutrients:
Answer
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Potassium, magnesium, zinc
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Phosphorus, cobalt, manganese
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Calcium, potassium, zinc
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Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium
Question 2
Question
Which of the following forms of oxygen are generally toxic to living organisms?
Answer
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Superoxide anion
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Hydrogen peroxide
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Hydroxyl radical
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All of the above
Question 3
Question
Carrier mediated transport is necessary when:
Answer
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Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell
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Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient
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The level of nutrients in nature is very low
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All of the above
Question 4
Question
The size (as determined by the sedimentation factor) of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:
Answer
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5S
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16S
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18S
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23S
Question 5
Question
Which of these environmental factors influence microbial growth?
Answer
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pH
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Water potential
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Oxygen
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All of the above
Question 6
Question
The signature sequence is used extensively in the:
Answer
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Cultivation of microorganisms
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Reclassification of misclassified organisms
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Defining of a specific group within a domain
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All of the above
Question 7
Question
Which one of the following sentences correctly describes the science of Metagenomics?
Answer
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Metagenomics is a genome level study of the whole microbial community
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Metagenomics is a genomics of industrially and medically important bacteria
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Metagenomics is a study of gene expression
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Metagenomics is a comparative analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes
Question 8
Question
With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the correct one?
Answer
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A plasmid is a regulatory gene
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A plasmid is a short RNA molecule
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A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule
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A plasmid is a non coding region found in some bacterial genomes
Question 9
Question
Virus particles:
Answer
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Are always smaller than bacterial cells
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Can replicate independently of a host cell if provided with a nutrient medium
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Can use some of the enzymes expressed in the host cell to aid their replication
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Are always eliminated by the host immune system
Question 10
Question
Tobacco mosaic virus:
Answer
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Has an icosahedral capsid
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Has a helical capsid
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Has multiple copies of each of four proteins making up the capsid
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Has multiple copies of two proteins making up the capsid
Question 11
Question
The symptom ‘hyperpalsia’ in plants caused by a fungal infection is due to:
Answer
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Abnormal cell enlargement
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Downward growth of petioles
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Uncontrolled cell division
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Restriction of water transport
Question 12
Question
Asexual reproduction in the Mastigomycotina (e.g. Phytophthora spp.) results in the formation of:
Answer
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Sporangia
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Oospores
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Zygospores
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Conidia
Question 13
Question
Which one of the following diseases is NOT caused by an infectious agent?
Answer
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Stomach ulcer
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Cystic fibrosis
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Cervical cancer
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Liver cancer
Question 14
Question
Which of the following is a bacterial infection?
Answer
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Whooping cough
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Polio
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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Malaria
Question 15
Question
Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?
Answer
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Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope
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First to discover and use agar
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That there could be life without air
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The first chemical antibiotics
Question 16
Question
The length of a typical E. coli cell is approximately?
Answer
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20 μm
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2 μm
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200 nm
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20 nm
Question 17
Question
With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?
Answer
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Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
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Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis
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Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics
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Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea
Question 18
Question
Which statement is correct with respect to the E.coli chromosome?
Answer
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It is negatively supercoiled
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It is positively supercoiled
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There are typically several origins of replication
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It consists of over 50 million base pairs
Question 19
Question
A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 63 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E coli cells per ml?
Answer
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6.3 x 10(7)
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6.3 x 10(8)
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6.3 x 10(6)
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6.3 x 10(5)
Question 20
Question
Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?
Answer
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Wave-like movement of the flagellum
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Rotation of the cell
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Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only
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Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible
Question 21
Question
Systems biology approaches to the study of fungal cells do NOT necessarily involve:
Answer
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Generation of data from biological experiments
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Mathematical quantification of changes in cell components
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Creation of a model of the cellular system in silico
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Creation of a conceptual model based on philosophical techniques
Question 22
Question
Which of these statements is UNTRUE?
Answer
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Some species of yeast are highly tolerant to ethanol stress
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Some species of fungi are extremely xerophilic
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Many fungi are more tolerant to water stress than any bacterial species
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Fungi can grow over the entire pH range from 0 to 14
Question 23
Question
An extremophilic microbe is one which:
Answer
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Can survive dry conditions
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Can grow only when there is a mixture of stress parameters (e.g. high temperatures and low pH)
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Can grow optimally under extreme conditions
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Becomes dormant under extreme conditions
Question 24
Question
Fungal growth and cell division is NOT normally accompanied by:
Answer
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Biomass acquisition
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Reduced vitality
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Nucleic acid replication
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Enhanced ability to compete with other microbial species
Question 25
Question
One factor that is NOT used to prevent or reduce fungal spoilage of processed foods is:
Answer
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Addition of benzene
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Low water-activity
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Refrigeration
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Heat-sterilization
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