Biology: Genetics Review

Description

Review for my bio test
Julia Miranda
Quiz by Julia Miranda, updated more than 1 year ago
Julia Miranda
Created by Julia Miranda over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The diploid cell that the sperm and egg make when fertilized is called the...
Answer
  • Zygote
  • Homologous chromosome
  • Meiosis

Question 2

Question
Oogenesis yields...
Answer
  • 4 sperm cells
  • A zygote
  • 1 egg cell and 3 small polar bodies

Question 3

Question
Spermatogenesis yields...
Answer
  • 1 egg
  • 3 polar bodies
  • 4 similar-sized sperm cells

Question 4

Question
Meiosis is the...
Answer
  • Replication and division of somatic cells
  • Replication and division of chromosomes
  • Replication and division of sex cells

Question 5

Question
One sex cell (1 sperm of 1 egg) is...
Answer
  • Haploid
  • Diploid

Question 6

Question
What separates during meiosis I?
Answer
  • Sister chromatids
  • Homologous chromosomes
  • Homozygous alleles

Question 7

Question
What separates during meiosis II?
Answer
  • Homologous chromosomes
  • Sister chromatids
  • Cells

Question 8

Question
What is synapsis?
Answer
  • The pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes during meiosis
  • The division of the cytoplasm
  • Exchange of genetic material

Question 9

Question
What is "crossing over"?
Answer
  • The pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes
  • The separation of dominant and recessive alleles
  • Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes which results in recombinant chromosomes

Question 10

Question
During Metaphase I...
Answer
  • Homozygous alleles line up
  • Sister chromatids line up single-file
  • Homologous pairs line up in the middle

Question 11

Question
During Metaphase II...
Answer
  • Homologous pairs line up in the middle
  • Sister chromatids line up single-file
  • Recessive alleles appear in the phenotype

Question 12

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What does meiosis ultimately yield?
Answer
  • Four sperm cells
  • 2 diploid cells
  • 4 haploid cells

Question 13

Question
What does dominant mean?
Answer
  • Inherited characteristics which appear in an organism
  • Inherited characteristics carried by an organism
  • A genetic disease

Question 14

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Answer
  • Genotype is the physical or visible characteristics; phenotype is the genetic makeup
  • Genotype is the sex cells; phenotype is the somatic cells
  • Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the visible or physical characteristics

Question 15

Question
What is an allele?
Answer
  • Another word for gametes (sex cells)
  • One homologous chromosome
  • An alternative form of a gene

Question 16

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What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous?
Answer
  • Homozygous means that the alleles controlling a characteristic are the same; heterozygous means they are different
  • Homozygous means the alleles controlling a characteristic are different; heterozygous means they are the same
  • Homozygous means that the chromosomes are defective; heterozygous means they are normal

Question 17

Question
What is a Punnett Square?
Answer
  • A fun little square you draw when you're bored
  • A chart that shows different sex cells
  • A diagram showing all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross between two individuals

Question 18

Question
What is Mendel's Law of Dominance?
Answer
  • Mendel is the supreme ruler of everyone, especially geneticists
  • Gene pairs separate during meiosis and recombine randomly at fertilization
  • Dominant genes mask recessive genes in heterozygous conditions

Question 19

Question
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
Answer
  • Dominant genes mask recessive genes in heterozygous conditions
  • Jeans of different colors cannot be near each other in your closet
  • Gene pairs separate during meiosis and recombine randomly at fertilization

Question 20

Question
What is incomplete dominance?
Answer
  • When genes cannot agree on where to go out to dinner
  • Pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant. Both alleles contribute to the phenotype
  • When the genotypes do not match the phenotypes

Question 21

Question
What is codominance?
Answer
  • Pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant
  • Pattern of inheritance where both alleles are dominant
  • Genetic equality

Question 22

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What are multiple alleles?
Answer
  • When there are multiple alleles for a trait
  • Where is are at least 10 different alleles for one trait
  • When one allele is responsible for several different traits

Question 23

Question
Where are linked genes carried?
Answer
  • One different chromosomes
  • In different cells
  • On the same chromosome

Question 24

Question
Where are unlinked genes carried?
Answer
  • On the same chromosomes and inherited together
  • On different cells and not even interacting
  • On different chromosomes and show independent assortment

Question 25

Question
What is a sex-linked trait, and who discovered them?
Answer
  • A trait which always appears no matter what, discovered by Gregor Mendel
  • A recessive trait, discovered by Copernicus
  • Genes that are carried on sex chromosomes, discovered by Thomas H. Morgan
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