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Herbals and Complementary Medicine for Pharmacy Technicians

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Quiz on Herbals and Complementary Medicine for Pharmacy Technicians, created by Rochelle Proulx on 16/04/2015.
Rochelle Proulx
Quiz by Rochelle Proulx, updated more than 1 year ago
Rochelle Proulx
Created by Rochelle Proulx over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which Directorate of Health Canada is responsible for legislation of herbal products?
Answer
  • Natural Health Products Directorate
  • Medical devices Directorate
  • Therapeutics Product Directorate
  • Controlled Drugs Directorate

Question 2

Question
Natural Health Products Regulations are part of:
Answer
  • regulated Professions Act
  • Controlled Substances Act
  • Food & Drug Act
  • Hazardous Substances Act
  • Provincial Drug Benefit Act

Question 3

Question
Which of the following substances according to Health Canada would be unacceptable as a natural Health substance?
Answer
  • biologics
  • amino acids
  • algae
  • probiotics

Question 4

Question
What information will confirm for you that a natural health product has been approved by Health Canada for public consumption?
Answer
  • The advice of a friend using this product
  • The presence of an NHP's number on the label
  • The source of the product
  • the fact that the product is sold by pharmacies
  • The reputation of the manufacturer

Question 5

Question
Which of the following statements defines best Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
Answer
  • The use of home-made remedies to treat symptoms of diseases and/or ailments
  • The use of spiritual and religious incantations to remove bad spirits from the sick person
  • The use of natural remedies and therapies not commonly used by standard and conventional medical practice.
  • The use of different drugs to support conventional drug therapies

Question 6

Question
Which of the following of medical systems would not be considered part of Alternative & Complementary medicine?
Answer
  • acupuncture
  • naturopathy
  • homeopathy
  • pharmacotherapy

Question 7

Question
Which of the following reasons is the key reason noted in surveys as to why consumers use natural health products?
Answer
  • belief that natural health products have fewer side effects
  • conventional drug therapy is dangerous to use
  • drug recalls of conventional drug products
  • belief that natural products are better than synthetically produced drugs
  • desire to use more natural approaches to health & wellness

Question 8

Question
Who was the physician of the 1st Century AD that dominated European medical thought for over 1500 years?
Answer
  • Hippocrates
  • Galen
  • Paracelsus
  • Dioscorides

Question 9

Question
Integrative medicine is another term for:
Answer
  • naturapathic medicine
  • standard conventional medicine
  • homeopathic medicine
  • combined conventional & complementary & alternative medical practice

Question 10

Question
Which of the following statements distinguishes best the difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plant phytochemicals?
Answer
  • Primary metabolites are essential for plant survival
  • primary metabolites are substances of the plant that can protect humans from diseases
  • Primary metabolites have no direct involvement in the plant's metabolism and growth
  • Primary metabolites protect the plant from predators

Question 11

Question
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be that of terpenes?
Answer
  • antibacterial
  • increase of blood pressure
  • bile acids inhibitor
  • hypoglycemic

Question 12

Question
Terpenes are precursors of
Answer
  • natural antiviral substances
  • semisynthetic antibiotics
  • theophylline compounds
  • plant steroids and sterols

Question 13

Question
Which of the following pharmacologic effects is a key effect of an alkaloid metabolite of a plant?
Answer
  • respiratory suppression
  • vasoconstriction
  • muscle contraction
  • vasodilation

Question 14

Question
Which of the following phytochemical groups includes flavonoids?
Answer
  • glycosides
  • terpenes
  • phenolic compounds
  • alkaloids

Question 15

Question
Saponin phytochemical components of a plant belong to the:
Answer
  • flavonoid group
  • phenolic group
  • tannins group
  • terpene group

Question 16

Question
The coumarin phytochemicals can act as:
Answer
  • anticonvulsants
  • laxatives
  • anticoagulants
  • antihypertensives

Question 17

Question
Which of the following principles is used to evaluate the quality of a herb?
Answer
  • odor
  • smell
  • taste
  • botanical identity

Question 18

Question
Which of the following statements about a marker of a plant is not true
Answer
  • it can be any herb constituent
  • is always an active ingredient of a plan
  • used to standardize herbal potency
  • must be scientifically identified and quatified

Question 19

Question
Adulteration of a plant material refers to:
Answer
  • unintentional inclusion of foreign substances
  • intentional addition of other plant species material and/or foreign substances.
  • soil contaminants during plant harvest
  • plant infidelity to other plants of the same species

Question 20

Question
Which of the following standard plant quality authentication tests is not a common authentication test?
Answer
  • volatile oil content
  • microbiological test
  • moisture content
  • taste to determine level of bitterness

Question 21

Question
Herbals can be used together with conventional drugs with no concern for adverse events.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Pharmacodynamic type herb-drug interactions refer to the impact on the bioavailability of the drug.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
The safety of a natural product depends on the product itself and not on the fact that it is named "natural".
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Fluid extracts of natural herbs are less concentrated than tinctures of such herbs.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Liquid extracts of a herb are commonly either tinctures or aqueous fluids never both types.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Which of the following nutrients has a negative impact on the immune system?
Answer
  • sugar
  • zinc
  • iron
  • vitamin D

Question 27

Question
In addition to the immune system which of the following organs can also be protected by andrographis?
Answer
  • lungs
  • heart
  • kidneys
  • liver

Question 28

Question
Indications for astragalus include:
Answer
  • treatment of cold and flu
  • treatment of fever
  • treatment of athlete's foot
  • treatment of aids

Question 29

Question
Which plant part caries the medicinal substances in Cat's Claw?
Answer
  • leaves
  • seeds
  • flowers
  • roots

Question 30

Question
The preferred product of Cat's Claw to use is the one that:
Answer
  • contains low level of tetracycline and high levels of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
  • contains high levels of both tetracycline and pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
  • contains high level of tetracycline oxindole alkaloid
  • contains high level of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid

Question 31

Question
Cold FX is reported to increase the activity of one of the following immunoglobulins:
Answer
  • IgE
  • IgA
  • IgG
  • IgM

Question 32

Question
A common indication for taking Echinacea is to:
Answer
  • correct gastrointestinal problems
  • treat migraine headaches
  • prevent and treat common colds
  • increase energy and endurance

Question 33

Question
Which drugs have the potential to interact with Echinacea?
Answer
  • antibiotics
  • diuretics
  • immunosuppressants
  • non-steroidal analgesics

Question 34

Question
The active medicinal constituents of Elderberry include:
Answer
  • terpenes
  • sterols
  • alkaloids
  • flavonoids

Question 35

Question
Goldenseal is contraindicated in individuals with:
Answer
  • hypertension
  • diabetes
  • high cholesterol
  • gout

Question 36

Question
Elderberry's mechanism of action in improving an immune system response includes:
Answer
  • stimulation of both spleen and lymph nodes
  • stimulation of interleukin and tumor necrotic factor production
  • bone marrow stimulation
  • increase white blood cell production

Question 37

Question
Shiitake mushrooms can be used as adjunct therapy to treat:
Answer
  • ulcers
  • cancer
  • crohn's disease
  • jaundice

Question 38

Question
What is/are the key active constituents in maitake mushrooms?
Answer
  • flavones
  • carotenoids
  • terpenes
  • polysaccharides

Question 39

Question
How does borage oil help in cardiovascular diseases?
Answer
  • by preventing platelet aggregation
  • by reducing heart rate
  • by blocking the inflammatory effects of prostaglandins
  • by reducing vascular resistance

Question 40

Question
What are the key pharmacologic effects of carnitine that help individuals with cardiovascular problems?
Answer
  • prevention of cholesterol absorption from the gut
  • increase coronary blood flow
  • decrease of blood vessel constriction
  • decrease in both LDL & VLDL

Question 41

Question
The key constituents of garlic includes:
Answer
  • flavones
  • polysaccharides
  • sulfur
  • lignans

Question 42

Question
A major mechanism of garlic's cardiovascular action includes:
Answer
  • direct effect on the myocardium
  • increase in ATP production
  • increase in cardiac output
  • interference with cholesterol metabolism

Question 43

Question
Garlic has the potential to increase the pharmacologic effects of:
Answer
  • diuretics
  • beta blockers
  • anticoagulants
  • corticosteroids

Question 44

Question
Coenzyme Q10 is a strong:
Answer
  • anticholesterol agent
  • anticoagulant agonist
  • antioxidant
  • hepatoprotector

Question 45

Question
A key indication of evening primrose oil includes:
Answer
  • treatment of premenstrual symptoms
  • osteoporosis
  • treatment of jaundice
  • reduction of cholesterol

Question 46

Question
Ginkgo can be used in cerebral insufficiency
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
Guggul cardiovascular effects include reduction of blood pressure
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
One of Hawthorn's mechanism of lowering blood pressure vascular dilation is due to inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
Arginine supports cardiovascular improvement by stimulating production nitric oxide synthase.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
One of the key mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing heart attacks is it's ability to stabilize the electrical activity of the heart
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
The key active ingredients of astaxanthin include:
Answer
  • polysaccharides
  • carotenoids
  • flavonoids
  • phenolic acids

Question 52

Question
Astaxanthin pharmacologic effect in the treatment of arthritic conditions includes:
Answer
  • increase osteoblast activity
  • increase of bone density
  • secretion of endorphins
  • reduction of inflammation

Question 53

Question
The proposed mechanism of Boswellia pharmacologic effects in treating arthritis includes:
Answer
  • stimulation of the immune system
  • control of leukotriene production
  • inhibition of cartilage breakdown
  • increased the production of MSM

Question 54

Question
Bromelain is a component of:
Answer
  • wild cherry
  • grapefruit
  • pineapple
  • avocado

Question 55

Question
Bromelain can potentiate the effects of:
Answer
  • immunosuppressants
  • anticoagulants
  • antihypertensives
  • hypoglycemics

Question 56

Question
The key mechanism of action of Cayenne pepper in treating arthritic pain and inflammation includes:
Answer
  • Depletion of neurotransmitter substance P from nerve endings
  • Reduction of inflammatory prostaglandins
  • Depletion of neurotransmitter substance C from nerve endings
  • Increase of hormonal endorphins

Question 57

Question
Devil claw's anti-arthritic mechanism of action is believed to be due to:
Answer
  • inhibition of cyclooxygenase
  • interference with prostaglandin synthesis
  • inhibition of leukotrienes
  • replenishment of synovial fluid

Question 58

Question
How does chondroitin help improve cartilage when used to treat arthritic conditions?
Answer
  • metabolizes nutrients such as shark cartilage to become human joint cartilage
  • Stimulates cartilage production by the bone marrow
  • Stimulates osteoblast activity to produce cartilage
  • improves water retention and elasticity of cartilage

Question 59

Question
The key components of fish oil that help with improving arthritic conditions include:
Answer
  • linoleic fatty acid
  • oleic fatty acid
  • eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Question 60

Question
Glucosamine should be used with caution in patients with:
Answer
  • asthma
  • osteoporosis
  • hypertension
  • diabetes

Question 61

Question
What is the active component of glucosamine essential for cartilage production?
Answer
  • sulfur
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
  • magnesium

Question 62

Question
Which of the following inflammatory mediators are inhibited by glucosamine to reduce inflammation?
Answer
  • prostaglandin PGE2
  • substance C
  • histamine
  • hyaluronic acid

Question 63

Question
Krill oil is more effective than fish oil in relieving joint pain because:
Answer
  • it has phospholipid type EPA & DHA found more effective
  • It has a higher EPA/DHA levels than fish oil
  • it is more pure than fish oil
  • it contains higher levels of Omega 3 fatty acids than fish oil

Question 64

Question
What has been reported as to the mechanism of MSM in reducing inflammation and pain in treating arthritic conditions?
Answer
  • providing sulfur essential for connective tissue synthesis and collagen maintenance.
  • mobilizing calcium to improve connective tissue formation
  • stimulating chondrocytes to produce more cartilage
  • increasing hyaluronic acid

Question 65

Question
SAMe is synthesized in living cells from:
Answer
  • Methionine & sulfur
  • tryptophan & ATP
  • Methionine & ATP
  • Tryptophan & ADP

Question 66

Question
in which of the following conditions would the use of Stinging Nettle would be contraindicated?
Answer
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • hemochromatosis
  • anemia
  • Asthma

Question 67

Question
The mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid includes:
Answer
  • Increase of synovial fluid and cushioning of joints
  • Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent release of cytokines
  • Increase osteocyte activity to produce more cartilage
  • Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent dissolution and destruction of cartilage

Question 68

Question
Which of the following hormones has been reported to contribute to obesity and being overweight?
Answer
  • hydrocortisone
  • growth hormone
  • insulin
  • leptin

Question 69

Question
How does hydroxycitric acid promote weight loss?
Answer
  • increases fat metabolism
  • inhibits coenzyme A essential for fatty acid synthesis
  • inhibits lipase enzymes from synthesizing fatty acids
  • decreases fat absorption

Question 70

Question
Chromium has been included in weight control diets because:
Answer
  • enhances glucose transport to the liver and muscles
  • improves glucose tolerance
  • increases insulin sensitivity
  • decreases insulin sensitivity

Question 71

Question
Diet supplements containing caffeine are believed to reduce obesity and overweight by increasing metabolic rate
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
Green tea has thermogenic and fat oxidizing properties
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 73

Question
Royal jelly can be used to combat overweight and obesity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
Ginseng has been reported to improve energy and the heart.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
Royal jelly is a good source of calcium and thus good source for bone structure.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 76

Question
How does coenzyme Q10 help those with neurologic conditions?
Answer
  • by increasing/decreasing certain neurotransmitters
  • by improving nerve function
  • by protecting neurons from radicals
  • by protecting the myelin sheath of the nerves

Question 77

Question
One of the key mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba in improving short term memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease includes:
Answer
  • increase acetylcholine production
  • improve nerve impulse conduction
  • increase microvascular circulation in the brain
  • reduce nerve inflammation

Question 78

Question
which of the following mechanisms of action in treating Alzheimer's disease is the of Huperzine A ?
Answer
  • act as a competitive cholinergic agonist
  • act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • stimulate acetylcholine production in the central nervous system
  • act as regenerator of memory nerve cells

Question 79

Question
Chamomile causes relaxation and a sedative effect by:
Answer
  • by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors
  • by direct depressing effect on the CNS
  • by blockage of excitatory impulses from the hypothalamus
  • by binding to the cholinergic receptors

Question 80

Question
The key mechanism of Lemon balm to produce sedation involves:
Answer
  • effect on GABA neurotransmitter production
  • effect on the hippocampus of the brain
  • effect in the benzodiazepine receptors
  • effect on the pineal gland

Question 81

Question
Which of the following conditions can be treated by melatonin?
Answer
  • dementia
  • Alzheimer's
  • jet-lag
  • anxiety

Question 82

Question
The starting substance for the production of melatonin is:
Answer
  • serotonin
  • lysine
  • tryptophan
  • methionine

Question 83

Question
which of the following medication groups can deplete melatonin?
Answer
  • anticoagulants
  • antilipemic
  • antibiotics
  • antidepressants

Question 84

Question
Passion flower has been reported to cause muscle relaxation and sedation by:
Answer
  • increasing serotonin levels
  • inhibition of MAO (monoamine oxidase)
  • increasing dopamine levels
  • stimulation of MAO(monoamine oxidase)

Question 85

Question
Which of the following medications effects can potentially be increased when given together with skullcap?
Answer
  • hydrochlorothiazide
  • warfarin
  • imovane
  • thyroxine

Question 86

Question
Valerian's mechanism causing calming and sedation is reported to be due to its effects on:
Answer
  • serotonin receptors
  • preventing breakdown of GABA neurotransmitter in the brain
  • adrenergic receptors
  • cholinergic receptors

Question 87

Question
Valerian can potentiate the effect of:
Answer
  • antihypertensives
  • sedatives
  • antiplatelets
  • anticoagulants

Question 88

Question
Inositol has been reported to be used in the treatment of:
Answer
  • parkinson's disease
  • schizophrenia
  • alzheimer's disease
  • bulimia

Question 89

Question
Which of the following medication's metabolism could be induced by the presence of St John's wort
Answer
  • azithromycin
  • thyroxine
  • dilantin
  • warfarin

Question 90

Question
What is the mechanism of Remember FX claimed to be responsible for improving memory and mental alertness?
Answer
  • increase norepinephrine production
  • increase acetylcholine production
  • increase serotonin production
  • increase nerve stimulation

Question 91

Question
Which of the following phytochemical constituents is the active constituent of St John's wort?
Answer
  • quercetin
  • essential oils
  • taurine
  • hypericin

Question 92

Question
How does cranberry prevent urinary bladder infections?
Answer
  • it is metabolized to a toxic substance that kills bacteria
  • stimulates urination to wash out the bacteria
  • prevents bacteria from sticking to the walls of the bladder
  • it kills bacteria

Question 93

Question
which of the following pro-biotics is used to treat colicky infants?
Answer
  • Align
  • HNF Forte
  • BioGaia
  • TuZen

Question 94

Question
A reported indication for bearberry includes:
Answer
  • orchitis
  • psoriasis
  • cystitis
  • arthritis

Question 95

Question
What type of laxative would cascara be?
Answer
  • cathartic
  • osmotic
  • stimulating
  • lubricant

Question 96

Question
Ginger increases the effect of anti-coagulants.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 97

Question
Probiotics can produce vitamin B6
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 98

Question
Milk thistle can be use to protect the gallbladder from chemical damage.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 99

Question
Bifidobacteria species are commonly found in the large intestine
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 100

Question
What is the key biological problem with diabetes type 2?
Answer
  • poor utilization of insulin
  • too much insulin
  • too much glucose
  • not enough insulin

Question 101

Question
How does fiber help to prevent diabetes mellitus?
Answer
  • increases insulin secretion
  • increases carbohydrate metabolism
  • provides catalytic enzymes to digest glucose
  • slows down the digestion and absorption of glucose

Question 102

Question
The key constituent of bitter melon found to reduce blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes is:
Answer
  • flavones
  • alkaloids
  • polypeptide -P protein
  • C-peptide protein

Question 103

Question
Which of the following medicinal constituents is responsible for cinnamon's pharmacologic effect on diabetes?
Answer
  • flavonoids
  • polyphenols
  • saponins
  • tannins

Question 104

Question
Which of the following anti-diabetic effect is not a pharmacologic effect of bitter melon?
Answer
  • glucose level reduction
  • improve glucose tolerance
  • reduction of A1C levels
  • production of insulin

Question 105

Question
Which of the following minerals has been used as an adjunct to diabetic treatment?
Answer
  • chromium
  • iron
  • copper
  • potassium

Question 106

Question
Fenugreek should be avoided during pregnancy because:
Answer
  • it has the potential to cause hypoglycemia to the fetus
  • it can decrease breast milk production
  • it can cause teratogenic effects to the fetus
  • it has the potential to stimulate uterine contraction

Question 107

Question
Which of the following NHP's has been used to reduce cravings for sweets?
Answer
  • fenugreek
  • cinnamon
  • bitter melon
  • gymnema

Question 108

Question
Psyllium has been claimed to have the ability to lower blood glucose levels by:
Answer
  • increasing glucose metabolism
  • reduce glucose absorption from the gut
  • increase insulin sensitivity
  • prevent glucose uptake by the cells

Question 109

Question
Which of the following natural products currently sold in some pharmacies is promoted to relieve neuropathic pain?
Answer
  • myoflex cream
  • neuragen topical liquid
  • oregano liniment
  • guggul lotion

Question 110

Question
In order to prevent and/or minimize drug binding, psyllium should be taken:
Answer
  • 2 hours before taking the drug
  • 2 hours before or after taking the drug
  • 30 minutes before taking the drug
  • 1 hour before taking the drug

Question 111

Question
Saw Palmetto is indicated to treat:
Answer
  • PMS syndrome
  • menopause symptoms
  • benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • malignant hyperplasia of the prostate

Question 112

Question
Which of the following NHP's would be indicated for male impotence?
Answer
  • saw palmetto
  • viagra
  • pygeum
  • yohimbe

Question 113

Question
Which of the following substances is believed to be responsible for the vasodilating effect of Dong quai?
Answer
  • salicylic acid
  • omega -3 fatty acid
  • tartaric acid
  • nicotinic acid

Question 114

Question
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of black cohosh?
Answer
  • reduction of premenstrual syndrome symptoms
  • vascular constriction
  • testosterone-like effect
  • reduction of menopausal symptoms

Question 115

Question
Which of the following group of drugs could have an increased pharmacologic effect when given together with Black Cohosh?
Answer
  • antihypertensives
  • antiplatelet drugs
  • anti-inflammatory
  • anti-cholesterol drugs

Question 116

Question
Cernilton has been used in Europe to treat:
Answer
  • urethritis
  • benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • ulcerative colitis
  • male impotence

Question 117

Question
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of chasteberry?
Answer
  • normalize female sex hormonal activity
  • reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • anti-cancer effect
  • improve male impotence

Question 118

Question
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be used to treat:
Answer
  • female infertility
  • male erectile dysfunction
  • increase estrogen production
  • decrease prolactin secretion

Question 119

Question
Which of the following phytochemicals has been found to be most useful in treating menopausal symptoms?
Answer
  • flavonoids
  • terpenoids
  • phytosterols
  • alkaloids

Question 120

Question
Saw palmetto is commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 121

Question
Pygeums pharmacologic effect includes blockage of 5-alpha reductase biosynthesis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 122

Question
Soy's active ingredients includes phytoandrogens.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 123

Question
Yohimbe is used to treat male impotence and erectile dysfunction.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 124

Question
A key indication for saw palmetto is treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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