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Radiography

Description

Quiz on Radiography, created by Laura Purssell on 30/05/2015.
Laura Purssell
Quiz by Laura Purssell, updated more than 1 year ago
Laura Purssell
Created by Laura Purssell over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What does radiolucent mean?
Answer
  • Opaque to x-rays
  • Invisible to x-rays

Question 2

Question
What density is radiopaque?
Answer
  • Metal
  • Air

Question 3

Question
Are all of these labels correct?
Image:
1d18ad5f-a50a-4b36-822a-9ee902f3dbf5 (image/png)
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 4

Question
What is A?
Image:
3ca2c27c-d586-4c7a-aae5-0295ddf27b0a (image/png)
Answer
  • Focusing cup
  • Filament
  • Target (anode)
  • Rotor

Question 5

Question
What is B?
Image:
8bea426d-fe2d-42e2-97bb-020790204c1d (image/png)
Answer
  • Focusing cup
  • Filament
  • Target (anode)
  • Rotor

Question 6

Question
What is C?
Image:
6c9b9959-6cae-447d-9310-62a1c930adbf (image/png)
Answer
  • Glass envelope
  • Filament
  • Electrons
  • Bearings

Question 7

Question
What is D?
Image:
2f9ef9c2-9a7a-4e2d-ba28-36cfa1888e7b (image/png)
Answer
  • Glass envelope
  • Filament
  • Electrons
  • Bearings

Question 8

Question
What is E?
Image:
27817bb6-e56e-4f78-8585-af1321d354bb (image/png)
Answer
  • Glass envelope
  • Electrons
  • Filament
  • Bearings

Question 9

Question
What is the heel effect?
Answer
  • The beam is more concentrated on the cathode side
  • The beam is more concentrated on the anode side
  • The imaginary line following the centremost part of the beam
  • The imaginary line following the outermost part of the beam

Question 10

Question
What is the central ray?
Answer
  • The beam is more concentrated on the cathode side
  • The beam is more concentrated on the anode side
  • An imaginary line following the centremost part of the beam
  • An imaginary line following the outermost part of the beam

Question 11

Question
Controlling the size of the beam is a legal requirement
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
Keeping the beam large makes the image sharper
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
If a smaller volume of tissue is irradiated, is a smaller or larger scatter generated?
Answer
  • Smaller
  • Larger

Question 14

Question
Is scatter desirable?
Answer
  • Yes - it causes sharpness of the image and decreases the patient's radiation dose
  • No - it causes unsharpness of the image and increases the patient's radiation dose

Question 15

Question
What structure controls the beam?
Answer
  • Collimator
  • Target (anode)
  • Filament
  • Grid

Question 16

Question
How does a collimator work?
Answer
  • Reflects/absorbs the x-rays
  • Concentrates the beam

Question 17

Question
Where should the patient be placed in regards to the Bucky and tube?
Answer
  • Close to the Bucky, far away from the tube
  • Far away from the Bucky, close to the tube
  • Close to the Bucky, close to the tube
  • Far away from the Bucky, far away from the tube

Question 18

Question
What is true regarding the beam passing through the patient?
Answer
  • Some x-rays are absorbed and stop their travel
  • Some are scattered and continue to travel
  • All scattered x-rays continue to travel in the correct direction
  • A remnant beam exits the patient
  • The remnant beam is accompanied by any scatter travelling in a similar direction
  • All scattered x-rays will accompany the remnant beam

Question 19

Question
What are correct facts regarding the Bucky?
Answer
  • It is placed immediately in front of the patient
  • It has a tray to hold the receptor
  • It has a grid to allow as much scatter as possible to reach the receptor
  • It has a grid to prevent as much scatter as possible from reaching the receptor
  • There are different types of grids

Question 20

Question
What is A?
Image:
f460ae8d-d99f-4867-96a3-7271059a246c (image/png)
Answer
  • Collimator
  • Bucky
  • Grid
  • Receptor
  • Filament

Question 21

Question
What is B?
Image:
43b7b911-0be4-4d4a-bafa-1b7d5b8a2115 (image/png)
Answer
  • Collimator
  • Bucky
  • Grid
  • Receptor
  • Filament

Question 22

Question
What is C?
Image:
6d154cb4-846b-493a-81f6-5b417ce3152d (image/png)
Answer
  • Collimator
  • Bucky
  • Grid
  • Receptor
  • Filament

Question 23

Question
What is the grid ratio?
Answer
  • Relationship between the height of the lead strips and the width of the spaces between them
  • Relationship between the weight of the lead strips and the width of the spaces between them

Question 24

Question
How are the strips placed in a non-focussed grid?
Answer
  • Parallel
  • Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away
  • Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Question 25

Question
How are the strips placed in a focussed grid?
Answer
  • Parallel
  • Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away
  • Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Question 26

Question
How are the strips placed in a reciprocating grid?
Answer
  • Parallel
  • Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away
  • Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Question 27

Question
What are the correct facts regarding receptors?
Answer
  • Device used to capture the remnant beam
  • Device used to capture the scatter beams
  • Can be a film or digital system

Question 28

Question
What are correct facts regarding film receptors?
Answer
  • A single piece of film is supported in a cassette
  • A film is typically one-sided
  • There is an intensifying screen on one side of the film
  • The film needs to be processed in a darkroom so the image becomes visible

Question 29

Question
What are correct facts regarding a digital receptor?
Answer
  • A single sided receptor array supported in a cassette
  • There is also a filament in the cassette
  • The image has already been processed electronically
  • The latent image is formed directly on the receptor, which reacts to the x-ray beam

Question 30

Question
With either film or digital, you end up with an image which can be viewed on either a light box (film) or computer screen (digital)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
What is the kVP (kilovolts peak)?
Answer
  • Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
  • Controls the number of electrons crossing from the cathode to the anode
  • The time that the electrons are allowed to cross the tube for

Question 32

Question
What is the mA (milliamperes)?
Answer
  • Controls the number of electrons crossing from the cathode to the anode
  • Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
  • The time that the electrons are allowed to cross the tube for

Question 33

Question
What are x-ray factors expressed in?
Answer
  • kVp
  • mA
  • s

Question 34

Question
Where is the x-ray created?
Answer
  • Anode
  • Cathode
  • Filament

Question 35

Question
How fast does a rotating anode spin per minute?
Answer
  • 3400 revolutions
  • 3000 revolutions
  • 3200 revolutions
  • 3600 revolutions

Question 36

Question
Why does the anode spin?
Answer
  • Reduces wear
  • Spreads the load on the anode
  • Allows lower tube currents
  • Allow shorter times

Question 37

Question
What facts are correct regarding Bremsstrahlung?
Answer
  • The x-ray beam is heterogeneous
  • The energy of the Bremsstrahlung x-ray will vary depending on how far an electron penetrates a target atom
  • The energy of the Bremsstrahlung x-ray will vary depending on how quickly an electron penetrates a target atom
  • X-rays of a single energy will be produced
  • kVP controls the range of energies produced
  • mA controls the range of energies produced
  • Interactions in the outer part of the atom generate weaker x-rays, the inner part is stronger
  • Interactions in the outer part of the atom generate stronger x-rays, the inner part is weaker
  • X-ray Bremsstrahlung comprises a range of energies from an identifiable maximum to an indeterminate minimum

Question 38

Question
How do you control Bremsstrahlung?
Answer
  • kVp controls the maximum energy within the beam
  • kVp controls the minimum energy within the beam
  • mA and s control the number of photons of energy within the beam
  • mA and s control the penetration rate of photons within the beam

Question 39

Question
What are the two major parts on the cathode side of the tube?
Answer
  • Filament and focusing cup
  • Filament and bearings
  • Bearings and rotor
  • Rotor and focusing cup

Question 40

Question
What does the filament release when it's heated?
Answer
  • Cloud of electrons (thermionic emission)
  • Cloud of protons (thermionic emission)
  • Cloud of atoms (thermionic emission)

Question 41

Question
Is the focusing cup positively or negatively charged?
Answer
  • Positively
  • Negatively

Question 42

Question
Why does the focusing cup condense the electron cloud?
Answer
  • Encounters a smaller area of the target
  • Encounters a larger area of the target

Question 43

Question
What directions are Bremsstrahlung radiation produced?
Answer
  • All directions
  • Forwards
  • Backwards
  • Laterally

Question 44

Question
What is the only part of the beam required?
Answer
  • Beam travelling towards the patient
  • Beam travelling away from the patient
  • Beam travelling upwards through the patient
  • Beam travelling downwards through the patient

Question 45

Question
Why is there an oil filled space between the housing and the tube?
Answer
  • Absorbs the heat that is produced
  • Reduces the scatter
  • Decreases the amount of electron penetration
  • Decreases the number of electrons of energy in the beam

Question 46

Question
What is the role of the collimator?
Answer
  • Improves quality of the image
  • Limits the beam
  • Not a legal requirement
  • Desirable

Question 47

Question
If the beam is restricted, is the scatter radiation increased or decreased?
Answer
  • Increased
  • Decreased

Question 48

Question
What are correct facts regarding scatter?
Answer
  • Restricting the beam reduces scatter
  • Restricting the beam increases scatter
  • Reducing scatter radiation improves image quality
  • Reducing scatter radiation reduces image quality
  • Restricting the beam reduces the patient's radiation dose
  • Restricting the beam increases the patient's radiation dose

Question 49

Question
What is scatter often referred to as?
Answer
  • Compton scatter
  • Compton electron
  • Recoil electron

Question 50

Question
Where can the outer shell electron gain some energy from and what does it become?
Answer
  • Photon - becomes recoil/Compton electron
  • Neutron - becomes recoil/Compton electron
  • Electron - becomes Compton scatter
  • Photon - becomes Compton scatter

Question 51

Question
What happens to the x-ray photon when it collides with an outer shell electron?
Answer
  • Retains the remainder energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction
  • Increases its energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction
  • Decreases its energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction

Question 52

Question
Does the kVp value have a direct effect on scatter, regarding amount produced and direction of scatter?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Does a collimator compress and focus the x-ray beam?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 54

Question
A collimator works by 2 pairs of lead leaves which absorb or reflect the x-ray beam
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
Does a low kVp increase or decrease the scatter formation?
Answer
  • Decrease
  • Increase

Question 56

Question
If there is less scatter, how does the image look?
Answer
  • Less image
  • More image

Question 57

Question
What is needed to to counteract the less image?
Answer
  • More mA's
  • Less mA's

Question 58

Question
Why can a high mA be bad for a patient?
Answer
  • Higher patient dose
  • Produces more scatter
  • Decreases clarity of the image

Question 59

Question
What does a high kVp affect?
Answer
  • Contrast
  • Sharpness

Question 60

Question
What is good contrast?
Answer
  • Black
  • White
  • Grey
  • Low kVp
  • High kVp

Question 61

Question
What is optical density?
Answer
  • Overall darkness of the image
  • Overall lightness of the image

Question 62

Question
How do you maintain optical density?
Answer
  • Balance of kVp and mA is needed
  • kVp controls penetration
  • mA controls the colour of the image

Question 63

Question
What do you increase the kVp by to double the optical density?
Answer
  • 10%
  • 15%
  • 20%
  • 5%

Question 64

Question
What do you increase the mA by to double the optical density?
Answer
  • 100%
  • 80%
  • 120%
  • 90%

Question 65

Question
What are correct facts regarding the control panel?
Answer
  • Allows you to set kVp, mA and s
  • Allows upright v recumbent grids to be selected
  • Allows exposure to be made
  • Allows AEC (Automatic Exposure Chamber) and exact chamber to be selected

Question 66

Question
How many target sizes are there?
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Question 67

Question
What size target is used for smaller exposures?
Answer
  • Smaller target
  • Larger target

Question 68

Question
What are correct facts regarding target size
Answer
  • Appropriate target sizes are used to avoid overheating the target material
  • The target size affects the quality of the image
  • The smaller target produces a larger penumbra around the image - causing it to looked blurred
  • The larger target produces a larger penumbra around the image - causing it to looked blurred
  • The larger target is used for smaller exposures
  • There are commonly 5 targets in an x-ray tube

Question 69

Question
The penumbra increases as the subject-receptor distance decreases
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
The penumbra decreases as the target-subject distance increases
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
The distance between the target and the subject, and the subject and receptor will affect the image
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
What is the subject-receptor distance also known as, and what size is desirable?
Answer
  • Object-image distance (OID) - small
  • Object-image distance (OID) - large
  • Source-image distance (SID) - small
  • Source-image distance (SID) - large

Question 73

Question
What benefits does a small OID give?
Answer
  • Reduces magnification
  • Geometric unsharpness
  • Reduces penumbra effect
  • Lower energy x-ray photons to dissipate
  • Allows the beam to be more homogenous

Question 74

Question
What distance is desirable for the Source-image distance (SID)?
Answer
  • Long
  • Short

Question 75

Question
What benefits are there with a long SID?
Answer
  • Reduces penumbra effect
  • Allows the lower energy x-ray photons to dissipate
  • Makes the beam more homogenous
  • Reduces magnification
  • Geometric un-sharpness

Question 76

Question
Is distortion undesirable in an x-ray image?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 77

Question
Why does distortion occur?
Answer
  • When there is too much energy penetrating the patient
  • When the anatomy lies at an inappropriate angle to the receptor, or vice versa

Question 78

Question
What factors make an x-ray optimal?
Answer
  • Collimate the beam to the relevant anatomy
  • Select a large target size
  • Have a short OID
  • Have a long OID
  • Have a short SID
  • Have a long SID
  • Selecting kVp to allow adequate penetration
  • Selecting mA ensuring enough photons get through the subject
  • Consider anatomy to the receptor
  • Ensuring balance of kVp and mAs to a suitable level of contrast

Question 79

Question
How can the Bucky be placed?
Answer
  • Vertically
  • Horizontally
  • Diagonally

Question 80

Question
What facts are correct regarding the Bucky?
Answer
  • Designed to hold a receptor
  • There is only one type of Bucky
  • It cannot be moved into various positions
  • It holds an anti-scatter grid
  • It holds the receptor close to the grid and the grid close to the protective front plate
  • It can contain automatic exposure chambers

Question 81

Question
What is the role of an anti-scatter grid?
Answer
  • To eliminate as much scatter as possible as it exits the patient and before it reaches the receptor
  • To eliminate as much scatter as possible as it enters the patient
  • To focus the scatter before it reaches the receptor
  • To decrease the amount of radiation to the patient

Question 82

Question
What is the grid ratio?
Answer
  • Height divided by the interspace thickness
  • Number of grid strips per centimetre

Question 83

Question
What is the grid frequency?
Answer
  • Number of grid strips per centimetre
  • Height divided by the interspace thickness

Question 84

Question
What type of lines does a linear grid have?
Answer
  • Parallel
  • Diagonal
  • Criss-cross

Question 85

Question
Where is a linear grid most efficient?
Answer
  • At the central section of the grid
  • At the outermost section of the grid
  • Over the whole grid

Question 86

Question
What is the cheapest and easiest grid to make?
Answer
  • Linear/parallel grid
  • Focused
  • Crossed
  • Static
  • Moving/reciprocating

Question 87

Question
What type of grid has angled strips?
Answer
  • Focused
  • Linear/parallel
  • Static
  • Crossed
  • Moving/reciprocating

Question 88

Question
Which portion of the grid matches the direction of the beam?
Answer
  • Whole grid
  • Centre portion of the grid
  • Outermost portion of the grid

Question 89

Question
What is the aim of a reciprocating grid?
Answer
  • Blur the shadows of the grid strips so they're not visible on the image
  • To decrease the amount of radiation
  • To improve the contrast of the image

Question 90

Question
What types of strips can a reciprocating grid have?
Answer
  • Parallel
  • Focused
  • Crossed

Question 91

Question
Why are crossed grids commonly found in general radiography practice?
Answer
  • They are extremely effective at scatter removal, as they're made up for 2 grids running at 90 degrees to each other
  • They are extremely effective at scatter removal, as they're made up for 4 grids running at 90 degrees to each other
  • They are the cheapest form of imaging
  • Difficult to use as the central part of the beam must be perpendicular and central to the grids

Question 92

Question
Why is an air gap beneficial instead of a grid?
Answer
  • Reduces the dose
  • Decreases the time exposed to the radiation
  • The image becomes clearer

Question 93

Question
What does the cassette hold close together?
Answer
  • Intensifying screens and film
  • Film and filament
  • Receptor and grid
  • Glass envelope and bearings

Question 94

Question
What do the phosphors act as in the intensifying screens?
Answer
  • Amplifiers - they convert the x-rays into visible light which then interacts with the film
  • Depressors - they convert the x-rays into visible light which then interacts with the film

Question 95

Question
What does the phosphor layer contain?
Answer
  • Crystals - image obtained depends on the size of these crystals
  • Protons - image obtained depends on the amount of these protons

Question 96

Question
What is spectral matching?
Answer
  • The emulsion is set to match the colour of light being emitted by the intensifying screens
  • The base is lightly tinted (pale blue or grey) to match the colour of light being emitted by the intensifying screens
  • Silver halide crystals are active in the emulsion
  • The emulsions are covered by a fine, translucent protective layer

Question 97

Question
A digital receptor has intensifying screens or film and an area for patient information
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 98

Question
What facts are correct regarding digital receptors?
Answer
  • Cassette is a rigid, light-tight and dust-proof support
  • There is an area for patient information
  • There is a single sided imaging plate
  • There is a double sided imaging plate
  • The latent image is still invisible and needs to be processed

Question 99

Question
What is the order in an intensifying screen?
Answer
  • 1) Protective coating 2) Phosphor (emulsion) layer 3) Reflective layer 4) Base
  • 1) Protective coating 2) Reflective layer 3) Phosphor (emulsion) layer 4) Base

Question 100

Question
What is the base made of?
Answer
  • Strong, flexible, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)
  • Weak, flexible, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)
  • Strong, solid, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)
  • Weak, solid, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)

Question 101

Question
The higher the speed, the more re-active the screen is
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 102

Question
What layers does the x-ray beam pass through?
Answer
  • Base
  • Reflective layer
  • Protective layer
  • Phosphor layer

Question 103

Question
Does the x-ray beam interact with the phosphor layer to emit light?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 104

Question
Why do the phosphors have a high atomic number?
Answer
  • So the x-ray absorption is high
  • So the x-ray absorption is low
  • So the light emitted from the x-ray beam is high
  • So the light emitted from the x-ray beam is low

Question 105

Question
What is the x-ray conversion efficiency?
Answer
  • Large amount of light per absorption of x-ray photons
  • Small amount of light per absorption of x-ray photons

Question 106

Question
How much afterglow is optimal?
Answer
  • Maximal
  • Minimal

Question 107

Question
Should the phosphors be affected by heat, humidity or any other environmental effects?
Answer
  • Yes
  • No

Question 108

Question
What do the emulsion layers of the intensifying screens contain that react to x-rays?
Answer
  • Crystals
  • Electrons
  • Protons
  • Light waves

Question 109

Question
What size crystals produce finer, more contained light?
Answer
  • Small
  • Medium
  • Large

Question 110

Question
What needs to happen in screens with small crystals?
Answer
  • More exposure to produce the same amount of image than screens with larger crystals - more dose
  • Less exposure to produce the same amount of image than screens with larger crystals - less dose

Question 111

Question
Where are fine crystal screens most commonly used?
Answer
  • Areas away from the torso
  • Lumbar spine
  • Pelvis
  • Thoracic spine

Question 112

Question
What direction is light emitted from the phosphors?
Answer
  • All directions
  • Diagonally
  • Vertically
  • Horizontally

Question 113

Question
What is the role of the reflective layer?
Answer
  • Redirects the light emitted from the phosphors, so as much light as possible is travelling towards the film
  • Redirects the scatter away from the receptor, so a minute amount of scatter is travelling towards the film

Question 114

Question
What percentage of the image is formed by the direct interaction of x-rays with the film?
Answer
  • 1%
  • 10%
  • 70%
  • 50%

Question 115

Question
What is the role of the protective layer of the intensifying screen?
Answer
  • Fine translucent layer to protect the phosphors from dust and abrasion
  • Thick translucent layer to protect the phosphors from dust and abrasion
  • Fine coloured layer to protect the phosphors from dust and abrasion

Question 116

Question
What is the active ingredient in the emulsion of a film?
Answer
  • Silver halide crystals
  • Gold halide crystals
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