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Lecture 7 & 8

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Psychology (Introduction to Neuropsychology) Quiz on Lecture 7 & 8, created by Mara Ramallo Martínez on 16/11/2024.
Mara Ramallo Martínez
Quiz by Mara Ramallo Martínez, updated about 2 months ago
Mara Ramallo Martínez
Created by Mara Ramallo Martínez about 2 months ago
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Question 1

Question
Which type of memory is characterized by a "bottom-up" process, does not require conscious thought, and includes daily habits and motor skills?
Answer
  • Semantic memory
  • Episodic memory
  • Implicit memory
  • Short-term memory

Question 2

Question
What type of memory was preserved in patient H.M. despite severe anterograde amnesia?
Answer
  • Semantic memory
  • Episodic memory
  • Implicit memory
  • Verbal short-term memory

Question 3

Question
Damage to which brain region is most associated with anterograde amnesia due to impaired memory consolidation?
Answer
  • Frontal lobe
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Occipital lobe

Question 4

Question
The "30-second memory" exhibited by patient C.W. following herpes simplex encephalitis is an example of:
Answer
  • Anterograde amnesia
  • Retrograde amnesia
  • Implicit memory loss
  • Semantic memory loss

Question 5

Question
In cases of Korsakoff's syndrome, which symptom is most prominent?
Answer
  • Low verbal fluency
  • Confabulation and apathy
  • Diminished emotional memory
  • Preservation of episodic memory

Question 6

Question
Which type of amnesia is characterized by difficulty in retrieving older, established memories?
Answer
  • Anterograde amnesia
  • Retrograde amnesia
  • Semantic memory impairment
  • Episodic memory impairment

Question 7

Question
Damage to the left temporal lobe typically results in:
Answer
  • Problems with recognizing faces and nonverbal material.
  • Impairments in processing verbal material and language.
  • Enhanced musical recognition abilities.
  • Spatial orientation deficits.

Question 8

Question
Wernicke’s aphasia is best described by which of the following symptoms?
Answer
  • Slow, non-fluent speech with good comprehension.
  • Fluent speech with poor comprehension and nonsensical output.
  • Impaired ability to repeat words but good understanding.
  • Inability to write or read with intact speech.

Question 9

Question
Which area is primarily affected in Broca’s aphasia, leading to speech production difficulties?
Answer
  • Superior temporal gyrus
  • Posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus
  • Primary visual cortex
  • Parietal lobe

Question 10

Question
What distinguishes global aphasia from other language disorders?
Answer
  • Fluent speech with naming difficulties.
  • Preservation of repetition ability.
  • Severe impairment in both speech comprehension and production.
  • Isolated impairment in reading and writing.

Question 11

Question
The dual pathways model of language suggests that:
Answer
  • The dorsal pathway is mainly involved in processing emotional prosody.
  • The ventral pathway is responsible for transforming sound into motor representation.
  • Both pathways are restricted to the left hemisphere.
  • The dorsal pathway processes syntax, while the ventral pathway processes semantic information.

Question 12

Question
Which neural structure is crucial for the emotional 'coloring' of memories and can influence the consolidation of emotionally charged events?
Answer
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • PFC
  • Superior temporal gyrus

Question 13

Question
Which brain regions are primarily involved in working memory tasks that require holding and manipulating information?
Answer
  • Temporal lobe and amygdala
  • Hippocampus and occipital lobe
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal association areas
  • Medial temporal lobe and brainstem

Question 14

Question
Retrograde amnesia associated with Alzheimer’s disease typically results from damage to:
Answer
  • The primary sensory cortex.
  • The lateral temporal cortex and posterior association areas.
  • The cerebellum.
  • The frontal eye fields.

Question 15

Question
Transcortical motor aphasia differs from Broca's aphasia primarily by:
Answer
  • Preserved repetition ability but impaired spontaneous speech.
  • Fluent speech with poor comprehension.
  • Complete loss of comprehension and speech production.
  • Severe word-finding difficulties with intact speech production.

Question 16

Question
Conduction aphasia results from damage to which structure that connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
Answer
  • Superior temporal gyrus
  • Arcuate fasciculus
  • Insula
  • Basal ganglio

Question 17

Question
A patient with anterograde amnesia would likely experience which of the following?
Answer
  • Difficulty recalling past events before a traumatic incident.
  • Problems forming new long-term memories after an injury.
  • Inability to maintain focus on short-term tasks.
  • Enhanced ability to recall recent events but impaired memory for older events.

Question 18

Question
Which part of the frontal lobe is involved in integrating emotional and social cues for decision-making and impulse control?
Answer
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  • Orbitofrontal cortex
  • Primary motor cortex
  • Supplementary motor area

Question 19

Question
Wernicke's area is primarily located at the boundary between which two lobes?
Answer
  • Frontal and parietal lobes
  • Temporal and occipital lobes
  • Temporal and parietal lobes
  • Parietal and occipital lobes

Question 20

Question
The MUC model of language suggests that Broca’s area is involved in:
Answer
  • Only the production of speech.
  • Only the comprehension of spoken language.
  • Memory, unification, and control processes.
  • Processing non-verbal cues like prosody.

Question 21

Question
Aprosodia, or the loss of tone in speech, is most commonly associated with damage to:
Answer
  • Broca's area.
  • The right hemisphere.
  • The left temporal lobe.
  • The cerebellum.

Question 22

Question
Declarative (explicit) memory depends on which key structure for initial encoding and retrieval?
Answer
  • Basal ganglia
  • Hippocampus
  • Cerebellum
  • Primary motor cortex

Question 23

Question
Semantic memory differs from episodic memory in that:
Answer
  • It involves detailed, personal experiences bound by time and place.
  • It requires the amygdala for emotional processing.
  • It consists of general knowledge and facts without a time context.
  • It is primarily processed by the occipital lobe.

Question 24

Question
Anomic aphasia is characterized by:
Answer
  • Fluent speech with difficulty understanding language.
  • Good comprehension but severe word-finding problems.
  • Non-fluent speech with intact repetition ability.
  • Inability to recognize faces.

Question 25

Question
Which of the following is a defining feature of pure aphasias?
Answer
  • They typically involve both speech and comprehension difficulties.
  • They are associated with isolated impairments in reading, writing, or word recognition.
  • They result in complete mutism.
  • They include deficits in both motor and sensory language functions.

Question 26

Question
The prefrontal cortex contributes to memory primarily through its role in:
Answer
  • Encoding long-term emotional memories.
  • Retrieving spatial and visual details from past events.
  • Managing working memory and directing attention.
  • Storing procedural memories for motor tasks.

Question 27

Question
Retrograde amnesia affecting older memories suggests damage to:
Answer
  • The hippocampus exclusively.
  • Lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortices.
  • The cerebellum.
  • The frontal lobe's executive function regions.

Question 28

Question
H.M.’s case provided crucial evidence that:
Answer
  • The amygdala is essential for all types of memory formation.
  • The medial temporal lobes are critical for forming new explicit memories.
  • Implicit memory relies solely on the frontal lobes
  • Episodic and semantic memories are stored in the basal ganglia.

Question 29

Question
In cases of aphasia following a right hemisphere lesion, a patient may primarily struggle with:
Answer
  • Understanding complex syntax.
  • Controlling speech production.
  • Using context for interpreting discourse and detecting prosody.
  • Repeating phrases accurately.

Question 30

Question
Which feature distinguishes emotional memory from other memory types?
Answer
  • It requires only the hippocampus for proper function.
  • It has both explicit and implicit components and often involves the amygdala.
  • It is stored in the occipital cortex.
  • It relies solely on procedural pathways involving the basal ganglia.

Question 31

Question
Topographic amnesia, or the inability to remember spatial locations, is often due to damage in the:
Answer
  • Anterior cingulate cortex.
  • Posterior parietal cortex.
  • Medial temporal lobe.
  • Basal ganglia.

Question 32

Question
Primary progressive aphasia differs from other aphasias by:
Answer
  • Being caused by acute trauma like a stroke.
  • Gradually impairing language functions over time due to neurodegenerative disease.
  • Resulting exclusively from a left occipital lesion.
  • Preserving all aspects of language production and comprehension.

Question 33

Question
Emotional memory is most vivid and long-lasting when:
Answer
  • It is processed with minimal activation of the amygdala.
  • The hippocampus is entirely bypassed.
  • The event triggers significant amygdala activation alongside other memory structures.
  • It relies solely on implicit memory pathways.

Question 34

Question
Herpes simplex encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe often results in:
Answer
  • Selective procedural memory deficits.
  • Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
  • Preserved short-term memory but impaired episodic memory.
  • Enhanced ability to encode emotional memories.
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