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Endocrine Block - THYROID (Week 3)

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Undergraduate MBChB Year 2 Quiz on Endocrine Block - THYROID (Week 3), created by Melissa Denker on 30/11/2015.
Melissa Denker
Quiz by Melissa Denker, updated more than 1 year ago
Melissa Denker
Created by Melissa Denker almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which connection allows communication between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland?
Answer
  • Hypophyseal portal system
  • Hypothalamic hypophyseal tract
  • Infundibulum
  • Sphenoid sinus cavity surrounding the pituitary gland

Question 2

Question
Which connection allows communication between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland?
Answer
  • Hypophyseal portal system
  • Hypothalamic hypophyseal tract
  • Infundibulum
  • Sphenoid sinus cavity surrounding the pituitary gland

Question 3

Question
Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
Answer
  • Oxytocin
  • ADH
  • Prolactin
  • TSH
  • FSH/LH
  • GH
  • ACTH

Question 4

Question
What is the correct order of the following anterior pituitary cell types, from most abundant to least abundant?
Answer
  • Somatotrophs (50%) Lactotrophs (20%) Corticotrophs (10-15%) Gonadotrophs (10%) Thyrotrophs (5%)
  • Somatotrophs (50%) Lactotrophs (20%) Gonadotrophs (10-15%) Corticotrophs (10%) Thyrotrophs (5%)
  • Gonadotrophs (50%) Lactotrophs (20%) Corticotrophs (10-15%) Thyrotrophs (10%) Somatotrophs (5%)
  • Somatotrophs (50%) Lactotrophs (20%) Corticotrophs (10-15%) Thyrotrophs (10%) Gonadotrophs (5%)
  • Corticotrophs (50%) Lactotrophs (20%) Somatotrophs (10-15%) Gonadotrophs (10%) Thyrotrophs (5%)

Question 5

Question
What are the 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer
  • ADH
  • Oxytocin
  • GH
  • FSH/LH
  • Prolactin
  • ACTH
  • TSH

Question 6

Question
Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer
  • Corticotrophic releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Dopamine

Question 7

Question
Which test results would indicate cranial diabetes insipidus?
Answer
  • Water deprivation test - patients are desperate to drink; urine osmolality remains low Response to ADH - DI improves
  • Water deprivation test - patients are desperate to drink; urine osmolality stays low Response to ADH - DI does not improve
  • Water deprivation test - urine osmolality becomes high (i.e. concentrated) Response to ADH - DI improves
  • Water deprivation test - urine osmolality becomes high (i.e. becomes concentrated) Response to ADH - DI does not improve

Question 8

Question
What is the correct order for rates of functional pituitary adenomas?
Answer
  • Prolactinomas (30%) Cushing's disease (20%) Acromegaly (15%) TSHoma (<1%)
  • Prolactinomas (30%) Cushing's disease (20%) TSHomas (15%) Acromegaly (<1%)
  • Acromegaly (30%) Cushing's disease (20%) Prolactinomas (15%) TSHoma (<1%)
  • Prolactinomas (30%) TSHoma (20%) Acromegaly (15%) Cushing's disease (<1%)

Question 9

Question
Describe the process of thyroid hormone production: 1. Iodine is actively transported into the [blank_start]follicular thyroid cells[blank_end] via [blank_start]sodium iodide transporters[blank_end] on the basolateral side of the cell (this is called [blank_start]iodide trapping[blank_end]) 2. Iodine diffuses to the luminal side of the cell 3. Iodine is transported into the follicle lumen by [blank_start]pendrin[blank_end], a membrane transporter 4. The follicle cells secrete [blank_start]thyroglobulin[blank_end] (containing ~70 [blank_start]tyrosine[blank_end] amino acids) into the lumen 5. Iodide ions undergo [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] to form [blank_start]iodine[blank_end] via the action of the enzyme [blank_start]hydrogen peroxidase[blank_end] 6. [blank_start]Organification[blank_end] of the thyroglobulin molecule: ---Iodine binds to tyrosine amino acids within the thyroglobulin molecule via the action of [blank_start]thyroid peroxidase[blank_end] ---This forms [blank_start]monoiodotyrosine[blank_end] ---This undergoes further iodine binding to form [blank_start]diiodotyrosine[blank_end] ---MIT/DIT molecules are coupled to each other 7. If two DIT molecules couple together, [blank_start]T4 (thyroxine)[blank_end] is formed 8. If one MIT molecule couples with one DIT molecule, [blank_start]T3 (triiodothyronine)[blank_end] is formed
Answer
  • follicular thyroid cells
  • sodium iodide transporters
  • iodide trapping
  • pendrin
  • thyroglobulin
  • tyrosine
  • oxidation
  • iodine
  • hydrogen peroxidase
  • Organification
  • tyrosine peroxidase
  • monoiodotyrosine (MIT)
  • diiodotyrosine (DIT)
  • T4 (thyroxine)
  • T3 (triiodothyronine)

Question 10

Question
How much more concentrated is iodine in the thyroid than in the blood?
Answer
  • x30
  • x60
  • x90
  • x120
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