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Phath & Pharm Lesson 3 Quiz

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Quiz on Phath & Pharm Lesson 3 Quiz, created by sschule on 07/12/2015.
sschule
Quiz by sschule, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sschule over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following factors greatly improves venous return to the heart during strenous exercise?
Answer
  • Rapid emptying of the right heart
  • Forceful action of the valves in the veins
  • Contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle
  • Peristalsis in the large veins

Question 2

Question
What results from increased secretion of epinephrine?
Answer
  • Increased heart rate and force of contraction
  • Decreased stimulation of the SA node and ventricles
  • Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and the kidneys
  • Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels

Question 3

Question
Which of the following arteries branch off of the aorta?
Answer
  • Common carotid arteries
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Coronary arteries
  • Subclavian arteries

Question 4

Question
Which of the following drugs decreases sodium and fluid retention in the body?
Answer
  • Warfarin (Coumadin)
  • Digoxin (Lanoxin)
  • Nitroglycerin (Isodil)
  • Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)

Question 5

Question
Which of the following are predisposing factors to thrombus formation in circulation: 1. Decreased viscosity of the blood 2. Damaged blood vessel walls 3. Immobility 4. Prosthetic valves
Answer
  • 1 and 3
  • 2 and 4
  • 1, 3, and 4
  • 2, 3, and 4

Question 6

Question
What drug is taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion?
Answer
  • Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
  • Streptokinase
  • Acetaminophen
  • Heparin

Question 7

Question
What will a partial obstruction in a coronary artery likely cause?
Answer
  • Pulmonary Embolus
  • Hypertension
  • Angina attack
  • Myocardial infarction

Question 8

Question
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because it _____.
Answer
  • reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance
  • decrease serum lipid levels
  • promotes thrombus formation
  • increases serum HDL levels

Question 9

Question
Loss of blood supply in a limb may lead to ___________.
Answer
  • necrosis
  • ulcers
  • gangrene
  • All of the above

Question 10

Question
What does the term "arteriosclerosis" specifically refer to?
Answer
  • Development of atheromas in large arteries
  • Changes in coronary arteries
  • Degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries
  • Ischemia and necrosis in the brain, kidneys, and heart.

Question 11

Question
A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is ________.
Answer
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • female over 40 years of age
  • exclusion of saturated fats from diet
  • familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 12

Question
An atheroma develops from _________.
Answer
  • a torn arterial wall and blood clots
  • accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occured
  • a thrombus forming in damaged walls of veins
  • repeated vasospasms

Question 13

Question
Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following except________.
Answer
  • eating a large meal
  • an angry arguement
  • walking down stairs
  • walking rapidly up a hill on a cold, windy day

Question 14

Question
When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true:
Answer
  • both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis
  • angina often occurs at rest, MI occurs during stressful time
  • pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI
  • angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; pain of MI is not

Question 15

Question
What describes the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction:
Answer
  • cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body
  • temporary vasospasm occurs in a coronary artery
  • total obstruction of a coronary artery causes myocardial infarction
  • heart rate and force is irregular, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries

Question 16

Question
What are the early signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?
Answer
  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm with labored breathing
  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse
  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea
  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness and numbness

Question 17

Question
Which statement describes a coronary artery bypass procedure?
Answer
  • removing the section of an artery containing plaque and thrombus
  • compressing the thrombus with an inflated balloon to provide a larger lumen
  • attaching a section of vein to the coronary artery proximal and distal to the obstruction
  • adding pieces of vein to the end of each coronary artery

Question 18

Question
Calcium channel blocking drugs are effective in ________.
Answer
  • reducing the risk of blood clotting
  • decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques
  • reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions
  • decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias

Question 19

Question
What is the most common cause of death immediately following a myocardial infarction?
Answer
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • ruptured ventricle
  • congestive heart failure
  • cerebrovascular accident

Question 20

Question
Why does ventricle fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?
Answer
  • delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation
  • insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium
  • the ventricles contract before the atria
  • parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node

Question 21

Question
What happens in the lungs after the diaphragm relaxes?
Answer
  • air is forced out of the lungs
  • lung volume increases
  • intrapulmonic pressure decreases
  • intrapleural pressure decreases

Question 22

Question
Which of the following activities does not require muscle contractions and energy?
Answer
  • Quiet inspiration
  • Forced Inspiration
  • Quiet expiration
  • Forced expiration

Question 23

Question
What is the maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration?
Answer
  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Total lung capacity
  • Vital capacity

Question 24

Question
Which of the following causes bronchodilation?
Answer
  • Epinephrine
  • Histamine
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
  • Drugs that block beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Question 25

Question
What does the term "hemoptysis" refer to?
Answer
  • Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection
  • Reddish-brown granular blood found in vomitus
  • Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum
  • Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity

Question 26

Question
What does "orthopnea" mean?
Answer
  • Very deep, rapid respirations
  • Difficulty breathing in a recumbent position
  • Waking up suddenly, coughing and struggling to breathe
  • Noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi

Question 27

Question
How is acute sinusitis usually manifested?
Answer
  • Serous nasal discharge and chronic cough
  • Copious frothy sputum an dsyspnea
  • Severe localized pain and tenderness in the face
  • Fetid breath and sore throat

Question 28

Question
What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?
Answer
  • Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain
  • Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing
  • Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the mornings
  • Harsh barking cough and wheezing

Question 29

Question
What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Answer
  • Hyperinflation of the chest and stridor
  • Hoarse voice and barking cough
  • Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva
  • Sneezing, mild cough, and fever

Question 30

Question
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
Answer
  • Rhinovirus
  • Influenza virus
  • Haemophilus influenza
  • Pneumoccocus

Question 31

Question
Which of the following is a major factor contributing to the current increase in cases of tuberculosis?
Answer
  • Increased use of BCG vaccine
  • The increase of immunodeficient individuals
  • The lack of effective medications
  • Increased use of pasteurized milk

Question 32

Question
Cystic Fibrosis is transmitted as a ____________.
Answer
  • X-link recessive gene
  • autosomal recessive gene
  • autosomal dominant gene
  • chromosomal defect

Question 33

Question
Persistent thick mucus in the bronchioles of a child with cystic fibrosis may cause which of the following? 1. Air trapping 2. Atelectasis 3. Repeated infectious 4. Irreversible damage to tissue
Answer
  • 1 and 2
  • 2 and 4
  • 1, 3, and 4
  • All of the above

Question 34

Question
Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is typical of __________.
Answer
  • chronic bronchitits
  • acute asthma
  • emphysema
  • asbestosi

Question 35

Question
What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?
Answer
  • Chronic irritation, inflammation, and infection of the larger airways
  • A genetic defect causing excessive production of mucus
  • Hypersensitivity to parasympathtic stimulation in the bronchi
  • Deficit of enzymes preventing tissue degeneration

Question 36

Question
Which of the following would be significant signs of bronchiectasis?
Answer
  • Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue
  • Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough
  • Chronic cough producing large quantities of purulent sputum
  • Wheezing and Stridor

Question 37

Question
Which is the common source of a pulmonary embolus?
Answer
  • Mural thrombus from the left ventricle
  • Thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries
  • Thrombus forming in the femoral veins
  • A blood clot in the pulmonary vein

Question 38

Question
When does flail chest occur?
Answer
  • An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes
  • The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib
  • Several ribs are fractured at two sites
  • Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis

Question 39

Question
Infant respiratory distress syndrome results form______.
Answer
  • insufficient surfactant production
  • incomplete expiration shortly after birth
  • retention of fluid in the lungs after birth
  • immature neural control of repirations

Question 40

Question
Obstruction in the upper airway would be indicated by_______.
Answer
  • Stidor
  • Rales
  • Wheezing
  • Orthopnea
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