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Chapter 24

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2 Anatomy Part 2 (Exam 4) Quiz on Chapter 24, created by Avi Chudasama on 15/12/2015.
Avi Chudasama
Quiz by Avi Chudasama, updated more than 1 year ago
Avi Chudasama
Created by Avi Chudasama almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
most of the body water is in
Answer
  • the intracelluar fluid
  • the extracellular fluid
  • tissue (interstitial) fluid
  • blood plasma and lymph
  • the transcellular fluid

Question 2

Question
osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by
Answer
  • the temperature difference between compartments
  • the relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
  • the relative volume in each compartment
  • the relative size of each compartment

Question 3

Question
in which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema
Answer
  • intracellular fluid
  • transcellular fluid
  • tissue (interstitial) fluid
  • blood plasma
  • lymph

Question 4

Question
most body water comes from ____ whereas most body water is lost via ____
Answer
  • metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
  • metabolic water; sweat
  • drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
  • drinking; urine
  • drinking; radiation

Question 5

Question
fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
Answer
  • baroreceptors
  • propioceptors
  • nociceptors
  • osmoreceptors
  • mechanoreceptors

Question 6

Question
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer
  • stimulates angiotensin II secretion
  • promotes water conservation
  • stimulates hypothalamic
  • osmorereceptors
  • argets the cerebral cortex

Question 7

Question
water output is significantly controlled through variations in
Answer
  • metabolic water
  • sweating
  • cutaneous transpiration
  • urine volume
  • drinking

Question 8

Question
when blood volume and pressure are too high
Answer
  • ADH release is inhibited.
  • ADH release is stimulated
  • renal tubules reabsorb more water
  • renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
  • the kidneys produce less urine

Question 9

Question
prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to
Answer
  • fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
  • hypotonic hydration.
  • hypovolemia.
  • positive water balance.
  • negative water balance

Question 10

Question
dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity. this makes osmoreceptors stimulate____ secretion by the hypothalamus ___ in the DCT and CD
Answer
  • ADH; decreasing water reabsorption
  • ADH; increasing water reabsorption
  • aldosterone; decreasing sodium and water reabsorption
  • aldosterone; increasing sodium and water reabsorption
  • angiotensin II; increasing sodium reabsorption

Question 11

Question
Hemorrhages...
Answer
  • decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity
  • decrease body water but increase osmolarity
  • decrease body water and decrease osmolarity
  • increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume
  • decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.

Question 12

Question
long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with
Answer
  • cooling of the mouth
  • distention of the stomach by ingested water
  • a drop in blood osmolarity
  • moistening of the mouth
  • increased salivation

Question 13

Question
this is the principal cation of the ECF
Answer
  • Ca 2+
  • Cl -
  • Na +
  • K +
  • Pi

Question 14

Question
aldosterone receptors are found on cells of
Answer
  • the adrenal cortex
  • the adernal medulla
  • the posterior pituitary
  • PCT
  • the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 15

Question
Aldosterone...
Answer
  • increases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.
  • increases both Na+ and K+ secretion.
  • increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
  • reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
  • causes the urine to be more diluted.

Question 16

Question
chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ____ homeostasis
Answer
  • H2PO4-
  • PO43-
  • HCO3-
  • Na+
  • K+

Question 17

Question
the calcium of the body fluids does/is not
Answer
  • participate in muscle contraction
  • a significant component of nucleic acids.
  • serve as a second messenger
  • activate exocytosis.
  • important in blood clotting.

Question 18

Question
calcium concentration is regulated by
Answer
  • hormones
  • sodium and calcium concentration in plasma
  • chloirde and phosphate concentration in plasma
  • the parasympathetic nervous system
  • the sympatheic neverous syster

Question 19

Question
the major chemical buffers system of the body are the ___ systems
Answer
  • urinary and respiratory
  • urinary and digestive
  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
  • bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate

Question 20

Question
what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma
Answer
  • fibrinogen
  • albumin
  • alpha globulins
  • gamma globulins
  • transferrin

Question 21

Question
what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes
Answer
  • albumin
  • fibrinogen
  • gamma globulins
  • hemoglobin
  • myoglobin

Question 22

Question
when the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they ___ at the same time
Answer
  • secrete potassium
  • secrete sodium
  • reabsorb potassium
  • secrete chloride
  • reabsorb sodium

Question 23

Question
proteins can buffer a drop of pH by their ____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their ____ side groups
Answer
  • -NH2; -PO4
  • -PO4; -COOH
  • -NH2; -COOH
  • -COOH; -NH2
  • -PO4; -NH2

Question 24

Question
in a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because
Answer
  • they are consumed by neutralizing H+.
  • they are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells.
  • they are exchanged for CO2.
  • they are exchanged for Cl-.
  • they rapidly diffuse into the renal tubule cells.

Question 25

Question
in acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ____ the central nervous system
Answer
  • repolarized; inhibits
  • depolarized; stimulates
  • hyperpolarized; depresses
  • depolarized; depresses
  • hyperpolarized; stimulates

Question 26

Question
Blood Plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
the kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
Hypovolemic refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
a buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
Hypernatremia is a plasma___concentration above normal
Answer
  • Na+
  • K+
  • NaCl
  • Cl-

Question 42

Question
Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except
Answer
  • a reduction in plasma volume
  • a gain in plasma volume
  • reduction in blood
  • a again in blood

Question 43

Question
_____ is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.
Answer
  • Na+
  • K+
  • Cl-
  • H+

Question 44

Question
____does not stimulate aldosterone secretion
Answer
  • High blood sodium concentration
  • Low blood sodium concentration
  • High blood potassium concentration
  • Low blood Potassium concentration

Question 45

Question
women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of
Answer
  • aldosterone
  • plasma
  • blood
  • water

Question 46

Question
this is the most abundant cation of the ICF
Answer
  • K+
  • Na+
  • Cl-
  • H+

Question 47

Question
the total body water (TBW) contente of a 70 kg young male is about
Answer
  • 40L
  • 4L
  • 400L
  • 4000L

Question 48

Question
this is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume
Answer
  • K+
  • H+
  • Cl-
  • Na+

Question 49

Question
these scenarious are related with hyperkalemia except
Answer
  • resting membrane potential is more positive
  • resting membrane potential is more negative

Question 50

Question
In a state of hypokalemia
Answer
  • cells are hyperpolarized
  • cells are hypopolarized
  • cells remain the same

Question 51

Question
hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from
Answer
  • aldosterone hyposecretion 
  • aldosterone hypersecretion 

Question 52

Question
this is the moste abundant anion of the ECF
Answer
  • Cl-
  • Na+
  • K+
  • H+

Question 53

Question
the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids
Answer
  • form crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin
  • form crystals with potassium in the presence of calsequestrin

Question 54

Question
excretion of phosphate
Answer
  • increases free calcium ions in the ECF
  • increases free potassium ions in the ECF
  • decreases free calcium ions in the ECF
  • decreases free potassium ions in the ECF

Question 55

Question
___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.
Answer
  • CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
  • H2CO3 <--> CO2 + H20
  • H+ + CO3 <--> H2CO3

Question 56

Question
tissue fluid normally has a pHof
Answer
  • 7.35-7.45 
  • 8.35-8.45
  • 7.15-7.25
  • 7.85-7.95

Question 57

Question
A weak base
Answer
  • Binds little H+ and has a weak effect of pH
  • Binds little H+ and has a strong effect of pH

Question 58

Question
the pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by
Answer
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • fatty acids

Question 59

Question
the bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory sytem, which
Answer
  • expels CO2 produced by the buffer system
  • intakes CO2 produced by the buffer system
  • expels H2O produced by the buffer system
  • intakes H2O produced by the buffer system

Question 60

Question
an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells
Answer
  • exchanges K+ for Na+
  • exchanges Na+ for K+
  • exchanges K+ for H+
  • exchanges Na+ for Cl-

Question 61

Question
in acidosis, the kidneys compensate by
Answer
  • secreting more ammonia
  • secreting more water
  • secreting more plasma

Question 62

Question
breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to
Answer
  • respitory acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis

Question 63

Question
excessive intake of antacids can lead to
Answer
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • respitory acidosis

Question 64

Question
chronic vomiting can lead to
Answer
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • repiratory acidosis

Question 65

Question
emphysema can lead to
Answer
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • repiratory acidosis
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