Child Psychopathology Test B

A 7-year-old boy in second grade displays significant delays in his ability to reason, solve problems, and learn from his experiences. He has been slow to develop reading, writing, and mathematics skills in school. All through development, these skills lagged behind peers, although he is making slow progress. These deficits significantly impair his ability to play in an age-appropriate manner with peers and to begin to acquire independent skills at home. He requires ongoing assistance with basic skills (dressing, feeding, and bathing himself; doing any type of schoolwork) on a daily basis. Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?

Which of the following statements about the diagnosis of intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is false?

Which of the following statements about development of and risk factors for intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is true?

A 10-year-old boy with a history of dyslexia, who is otherwise developmentally normal, is in a skateboarding accident in which he experiences severe traumatic brain injury. This results in significant global intellectual impairment (with a persistent reading deficit that is more pronounced than his other newly acquired but stable deficits, along with a full-scale IQ of 75). There is mild impairment in his adaptive functioning such that he requires support in some areas of functioning. He is also displaying anxious and depressive symptoms in response to his accident and hospitalization. What is the least likely diagnosis?

A 3½-year-old girl with a history of lead exposure and a seizure disorder demonstrates substantial delays across multiple domains of functioning, including communication, learning, attention, and motor development, which limit her ability to interact with same-age peers and require substantial support in all activities of daily living at home. Unfortunately, her mother is an extremely poor historian, and the child has received no formal psychological or learning evaluation to date. She is about to be evaluated for readiness to attend preschool. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Which of the following was a criterion symptom for autistic disorder in DSM-IV that was eliminated from the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder in DSM-5?

A 10-year-old boy demonstrates hand-flapping and finger flicking, and he repetitively flips coins and lines up his trucks. He tends to “echo” the last several words of a question posed to him before answering, mixes up his pronouns (refers to himself in the second person), tends to repeat phrases in a perseverative fashion, and is quite fixated on routines related to dress, eating, travel, and play. He spends hours in his garage playing with his father’s tools. What do these behaviors represent?

An 11-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder displays no spoken language and is minimally responsive to overtures from others. She can be somewhat inflexible, which interferes with her ability to travel, do schoolwork, and be managed in the home; she has some difficulty transitioning; and she has trouble organizing and planning activities. These problems can usually be managed with incentives and reinforcers. What severity levels should be specified in the DSM-5 diagnosis?

A 5-year-old girl has some mild food aversions. She enjoys having the same book read to her at night but does not become terribly upset if her mother asks her to choose a different book. She occasionally spins around excitedly when her favorite show is on. She generally likes her toys neatly arranged in bins but is only mildly upset when her sister leaves them on the floor. These behaviors should be considered suspicious for an autism spectrum disorder; true or false?

Which of the following characteristics is generally not associated with autism spectrum disorder?

The parents of a 15-year-old female tenth grader believe that she should be doing better in high school, given how bright she seems and the fact that she received mostly A’s through eighth grade. Her papers are handed in late, and she makes careless mistakes on examinations. They have her tested, and the WAISIV results are as follows: Verbal IQ, 125; Perceptual Reasoning Index, 122; Full-Scale IQ, 123; Working Memory Index, 55th percentile; Processing Speed Index, 50th percentile. Weaknesses in executive function are noted. During a psychiatric evaluation, she reports a long history of failing to give close attention to details, difficulty sustaining attention while in class or doing homework, failing to finish chores and tasks, and significant difficulties with time management, planning, and organization. She is forgetful, often loses things, and is easily distracted. She has no history of restlessness or impulsivity, and she is well liked by her peers. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 5-year-old hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive boy presents with hypertelorism, highly arched palate, and low-set ears. He is uncoordinated and clumsy, he has no sense of time, and his toys and clothes are constantly strewn all over the house. He has recently developed what appears to be a motor tic involving blinking. He enjoys playing with peers, who tend to like him, although he seems to willfully defy all requests from his parents and kindergarten teacher, which does not seem to be due simply to inattention. He is delayed in beginning to learn how to read. What is the least likely diagnosis?

What is the gender ratio of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?

Which of the following is not associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Which of the following statements about comorbidity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

Which of the following statements about the diagnosis of specific learning disorder is false?

Which of the following statements about developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is true?

Which of the following statements about the developmental course of stereotypic movement disorder is false?

A 5-year-old girl is referred to your care with a DSM-IV diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder. Under DSM-5, she would meet criteria for persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder. Which of the following statements about her new diagnosis under DSM-5 is false?

Which of the following statements about speech sound disorder is true?

Which of the following types of disturbance in normal speech fluency/time patterning included in the DSM-IV criteria for stuttering was omitted in the DSM-5 criteria for childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)?

Tics typically present for the first time during which developmental stage?

By what age should most children have acquired adequate speech and language ability to understand and follow social rules of verbal and nonverbal communication, follow rules for conversation and storytelling, and change language according to the needs of the listener or situation?

Below what age is it difficult to distinguish a language disorder from normal developmental variations?

Which of the following would likely not be an important condition to rule out in the differential diagnosis of speech sound disorder?