514535
Question 1
Question
Anaphylaxis can be defined as:
Answer
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A systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can cause multi-organ failure and is often an emergency.
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A severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction.
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An immune response mediated almost exclusively by IgG and IgM.
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The inability to breathe due to swollen airways.
Question 2
Question
Generally Type I hypersensitivity reactions require multiple exposures to an agent before occurring.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 3
Question
Potentiation of mast cell degranulation is most often attributed to:
Answer
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Not removing the inciting agent.
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Patient stress.
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Histamine release.
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Organ failure and an inability to compensate.
Question 4
Question
Clinical signs that accompany anaphylaxis may include: (select all that apply)
Answer
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Pruritis, wheals, or edema on the skin.
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Bronchodilation.
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Increased gastric motility.
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Hypertension.
Question 5
Question
A localized anaphylactic reaction has the potential to progress to a systemic anaphylactic reaction.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 6
Question
Which of the following is true?
Answer
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Dogs are more likely to present with dyspnea, collapse, and excessive mucous production as signs of anaphylaxis than are cats.
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Cats are more likely present with dyspnea, collapse, and excessive mucous production as signs of anaphylaxis than are dogs.
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Cats are more likely to present with cutaneous lesions as signs of anaphylaxis than are dogs.
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More than one of these answer choices is correct.
Question 7
Question
Like anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactoid reactions require previous sensitization, but occur more frequently on the third or fourth exposure than on the second.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 8
Question
The difference between localized and systemic anaphylaxis is:
Answer
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The immunoglobulins involved, as the skin creates a different type of immunoglobulin than does the blood.
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Where the exposure occurred, for example a bee sting in the skin versus ingesting an allergen.
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Localized anaphylaxis is characterized by histamine as a mediator of degranulation, whereas localized anaphylaxis relies on serotonin.
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Localized anaphylaxis tends to be restricted to one location (often the skin), whereas systemic anaphylaxis involves 2 or more organ systems.
Question 9
Question
Why is epinephrine such a key player in the treatment of systemic anaphylaxis?
Answer
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It reduces mast cell degranulation.
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It increases heart rate, and the subsequent increased movement of blood through the system pulls fluid from the interstitial spaces and reduces edema.
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It promotes bronchoconstriction, allowing a patient to slow their breathing and take deeper breaths.
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It induces peripheral vasodilation, allowing for better tissue perfusion.
Question 10
Question
Which of the following follows appropriate dosing protocol for epinephrine? Select all that apply.
Answer
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Continuous rate infusion at 0.05 mg/kg/min
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Intratracheal dose at 0.02-0.04 mg/kg, diluted.
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IV dose at ~0.05-0.1 mL/10 lbs
Question 11
Question
Dexmethasone:
Answer
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Is an antihistamine that can be given either orally (1 mg/lb) or IM (1-2 mg/kg).
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Is an anti-inflammatory that can be given IV (0.1-0.2 mg/kg).
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Is the name of a complex anaphylactic treatment protocol that involves extensive analgesics, sedatives, antihistamines, and fluids.
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Is much better at addressing hypotension than is epinephrine.
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