Question 1
Question
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Answer
-
CO = PA - 1SVC
-
CO = AO x PA
-
CO = HR x SV
Question 2
Question
Stroke volume is...
Question 3
Question
Preload is most impacted by
Question 4
Question
A patient with chronic untreated hypertension would demonstrate...
Answer
-
Increased afterload
-
Decreased afterload
-
Decreased preload
Question 5
Question
Vascular resistance/pressure is most influenced by...
Answer
-
Radius of the vessel
-
Blood viscosity
-
Length of the vessel
-
BMI
Question 6
Question
The formula for BP is...
Answer
-
BP = SV x SVR
-
BP = CO x SVR
-
BP = HR x SVR
Question 7
Question
What component of a Pulmonary Capillary Wedge pressure indicates Mitral insufficiency?
Answer
-
A wave
-
C wave
-
P wave
-
V wave
Question 8
Question
An elevated RVEDP is found in which pathology?
Answer
-
LV infarct
-
Aortic stenosis
-
RV infarct
-
Mitral Regurgitation
Question 9
Question
If the RA waveform is 2x the normal value, where would this be demonstrated in the physical assessment?
Question 10
Question
What is the most common cause of Pulmonic stenosis?
Answer
-
Aging
-
Congenital
-
Cardiomyopathy
-
Mitral regurgitation
Question 11
Question
The blue proximal port of the swan is located how far from the distal tip of the swan?
Question 12
Question
When performing a thermodilution cardiac output, the operator injects 10 cc of saline into the ____________ and the temperature change is measured in the _____________
Answer
-
LA, AO
-
RV, PCWP
-
RA, PA
-
RA, LA
Question 13
Question
Based on these oxygen saturation so, what type of shunt is present?
SVC sat = 67% IVC sat = 71% RA sat = 85% RV sat = 85% PA sat = 85% LA sat = 98% LV sat 98% AO sat = 98%
Question 14
Question
The type of ASD, located in the middle 1/3 of the the atrial septum (the former site of the fossa ovalis) is called?
Answer
-
Ostium Primium
-
Sinus Venosus
-
Ostium Secundum
Question 15
Question
What is the Flamm's equation?
Answer
-
3 (SVC) +1 (IVC) / 4
-
6 (SVC) + 2 (IVC) / 2
-
3 (PA) + 2 (AO) / 4
Question 16
Question
The formula used to calculate MAP is...
Question 17
Question
Equalization of RVEDP and LVEDP are found in...
Answer
-
Tamponade
-
Restrictive Pericarditis
-
Acute MI
-
LV MI
Question 18
Question
Signs of right sided heart failure include...
Answer
-
Decreased O2 sat
-
SOB
-
JVD
-
Pulmonary embolism
Question 19
Question
What are the four anomalies associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Answer
-
ASD, VSD, LVH, RVH
-
VVH, PS, Over riding aorta, RVH
-
Over riding aorta, RVH, LVH, ASD
-
Pulmonic stenosis, over riding aorta, RVH, VSD
Question 20
Question
Which fetal anomaly is characterized by a large VSD over which a large single great vessel arises?
Question 21
Question
Pulsus Pardoxus is a sign of...
Question 22
Question
What does RAD stand for?
Question 23
Question
Which component of the X-Ray system converts light rays into images?
Answer
-
Image intensifier
-
X-Ray tube
-
Photon tube
-
Anode
Question 24
Question
What is the maximum annual dose of radiation one can receive annually?
Answer
-
5 RAD
-
5 Currie
-
0.5 REM
-
5 REM
Question 25
Question
Lead protection should be at least how many millimeters of lead?
Question 26
Question
What is the minimum safe distance to position oneself from the X-Ray source?
Answer
-
3 feet
-
6 feet
-
10 feet
-
15 feet
Question 27
Question
In an X-Ray tube the...
Answer
-
Cathode is positive and the anode is negative
-
Cathode is negative and the anode is positive
-
The charges alternate depending on the heat generated
Question 28
Question
Which view exposes the operator to the GREATEST amount of radiation?
Answer
-
AP
-
LAO Cranial
-
Lateral
-
RAO with cranial 30
Question 29
Question
What converts X-rays into an image?
Answer
-
Filament
-
Image intensifier
-
X-Ray tube
-
Kvp
Question 30
Question
The contrast that is best for a patient is...
Answer
-
Low osmolality
-
High osmolality
-
Renografin
Question 31
Question
Radiolucent means...
Answer
-
X-Rays are not permitted to pass through
-
X-rays are randomly deflected
-
X-rays are permitted to pass through
Question 32
Question
Radiopaque means...
Answer
-
X-rays are permitted to pass through
-
X-rays are not permitted to pass through
-
X-rays are randomly deflected
Question 33
Question
ReoPro works on...
Answer
-
Fibrin
-
Prothrombin
-
Antithrombin
-
IIb/IIIa receptors
Question 34
Question
Heparin potentiates (increases) the action of...
Answer
-
Antithrombin
-
Factor III
-
Factor IX
-
Factor VIII
Question 35
Question
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin by the action of...
Answer
-
Pro thrombin
-
Tissue factor
-
Platelates
-
Thrombin
Question 36
Question
There are ___ known pathways to imitate the clotting cascade.
Question 37
Question
Aspirin inhibits the action of...
Answer
-
Von Willebrand Factor
-
Factor VIII
-
Thrombin
-
Arachidonic Acid
Question 38
Question
Which agent is not an antiplatelet?
Answer
-
ASA (aspirin)
-
Heparin
-
Plavix
-
Reopro
Question 39
Question
If a patient has diabetes and renal failure with a creatinine of 2.0, what would you give?
Answer
-
Lasix
-
Fluids to hydrate
-
Ionic contrast
Question 40
Question
If a patient is taking NPH (injectable) insulin, which medication should not be given?
Question 41
Question
Which medication is most commonly given to a patient with Supravetricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Answer
-
NTG
-
Lidocaine
-
Dopamine
-
Adenosine
Question 42
Question
If a patient has a creatinine greater than 1.4, contrast volume should be minimized.
Question 43
Question
Lidocaine converts from 2gm in 500cc to...
Answer
-
8gm in 1cc
-
400mg in 250cc
-
4mg in 1cc
Question 44
Question
Dopamine concentration 1600 mcg/ml in 250 cc yields a concentration of...
Answer
-
200 mg in 250 cc
-
400 mg in 250 cc
-
100 mg in 250 cc
Question 45
Question
The best short acting medication/anxietolytic to sedate a patient is...
Answer
-
Fentanyl
-
Valium
-
Versed/Midazilam
Question 46
Question
The drug of choice for treating coronary spasm is...
Question 47
Question
Amiodarone is used to treat...
Question 48
Question
What medication is used as a preload and afterload reducer?
Answer
-
Dopamine
-
Dobutamine
-
NTG (nitroglycerin)
-
Lidocaine
Question 49
Question
Diabetic patients have a greater incidence of developing ______________ post contrast administration.
Answer
-
Renal failure
-
Infarct
-
Pulmonary embolism
-
Systemic infection
Question 50
Question
Which rhythm is most likely to become lethal?
Answer
-
1st degree block
-
Wenchebach
-
Mobitz 2
Question 51
Question
The Impella catheter most clearly resembles...
Question 52
Question
When performing an LV gram with the LV injector, what is the purpose of setting a "rate of rise"?
Answer
-
It controls the total volume injected
-
It makes for a smoother injection, less catheter whip, limits ectopy
-
It adjusts the PSI for the correct catheter size
Question 53
Question
The EKG demonstrates ST elevation in leads II, III, and AVF. Which coronary would you suspect?
Answer
-
Inferior wall
-
Lateral wall
-
Apical wall
Question 54
Question
An EKG demonstrates ST elevation in leads V5, V6, lead I, and AVL. Which coronary artery is most likely occluded?
Question 55
Question
How do you test the defibrillator?
Question 56
Question
What happens if you deliver a shock to a patient on the T wave?
Answer
-
They are easily cardioverted to a sinus rhythm
-
You could put them into Vfib
-
You could make them hypertensive
Question 57
Question
In 1st degree heart block, where is the conduction delay?
Answer
-
AV node
-
SA node
-
Bundle of His
-
In the RA
Question 58
Question
What is the normal PR interval
Answer
-
.08 - .12
-
> .20
-
.12 - .20
Question 59
Question
If a patient is attached to the monitor, Vtach is the rhythm, the patient has no pulse and is not responding, what should you do?
Answer
-
Synchronized cardioversion
-
Unsynchronized cardioversion
-
Call the MD before taking action
-
Check a blood pressure
Question 60
Question
If a patient is on a monitor in SVT, systolic BP is 70, the patient is diaphoretic, dusky and short of breath. What should you do?
Answer
-
Call the MD before taking action
-
Do immediate unsynchronized cardioversion
-
Do immediate synchronized cardioversion
-
Give adenosine 6mg
Question 61
Question
A common complication of placing a pacing electrode/wire is...
Question 62
Question
A pacing generator that paces in both chambers, senses in both chambers, and inhibits QRS complexes is a...
Question 63
Question
A pacing generator that paces both chambers, senses in both chambers, and triggers or inhibits pacing is a...
Question 64
Question
A pacing generator that paces in the atria, senses in the atria, and inhibits pacing is a...
Question 65
Question
What is the formula for calculating SVR
Answer
-
Mean AO - Mean RA/CO
-
Mean PA - Mean PCWP/CO
-
EDV - ESV / EDV
Question 66
Question
Which cardiac output would be more accurate in a patient with tricuspid regurgitation?
Question 67
Question
Which right heart pressure best reflects LV preload?
Answer
-
PA systolic pressure
-
PCWP
-
RA pressure
Question 68
Question
Which balloon is used for valvuloplasty?
Answer
-
ICE balloon
-
Tran-septal balloon
-
Inoue
-
Self-expanding
Question 69
Question
Aortic stenosis demonstrates a pressure that is elevated in the left ventricle and a pressure that is lower in the ____________.
Answer
-
Left atrium
-
Aortic arch
-
Pulmonary artery
-
RV
Question 70
Question
If a patient has a pulsatile mass below the sheath site, and a bruit is present, what should be suspected?
Answer
-
Hematoma
-
Aortic dissection
-
Thrombus
-
Pseudoaneurysm
Question 71
Question
An abdominal aortic pulsation greater than 3.0cm can be a finding for what?
Answer
-
Normal finding
-
Anomalous renal artery
-
Increased BMI
-
Aortic aneurysm
Question 72
Question
Back pain not relieved with nitroglycerin, morphine or oxygen and not associated with EKG changes can indicate...
Answer
-
PVD
-
Renal failure
-
Aortic dissection
-
Occluded LAD
Question 73
Question
Which stent is self expanding?
Question 74
Question
A catheter has a diameter of 2.66mm. What French size is it?
Question 75
Question
In relation to a coronary lesion where should the wire not be placed?
Question 76
Question
Which lesion is best addressed with a Rotoblador?
Answer
-
Calcified
-
Soft thrombus
-
New dissection
-
Very small vessels
Question 77
Question
Which catheter should be used to cannulate an LAD with a high take off?
Question 78
Question
Landmarks for an internal jugular approach include the...
Answer
-
Head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the clavicular head
-
Superior and inferior carotid pulsations
-
2cm proximal to the xyphoid process
Question 79
Question
When performing a myocardial biopsy where are the tissue samples taken from?
Answer
-
LV
-
RV
-
LA
-
Left atrial appendage
Question 80
Question
Hypokinetic means...
Question 81
Question
In the formula BP = HR x SV x SVR, Dobutamine acts as an ____________, to _______________ by increasing ______________.
Answer
-
Chronotrope decrease stroke volume, contractility
-
Chronotrope, increase stroke volume, contractility
-
Inotrope, increase stroke volume, contractility
Question 82
Question
Which of the following are Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBS)?
Answer
-
Lisiopril
-
Losartan
-
Metoprolol
-
Valsartan
Question 83
Question
NTG works to decrease preload when given during an MI by dilating?
Answer
-
Peripheral arteries
-
Arterioles
-
Veins
-
Coronary arteries
Question 84
Question
Low dose Dopamine, 1-5mcg/kg/min...
Question 85
Question
If the patient complains of pain down the leg when attempting to cannulate the right femoral artery, which way do you move the needle?
Answer
-
Lateral
-
Medial
-
Anterior
-
Medial and superior
Question 86
Question
Coronary arteries perfume best during...
Question 87
Question
What is the purpose of the IABP?
Answer
-
Increased coronary perfusion, decreased afterload
-
Increased coronary perfusion, decreased preload
-
Raise systolic blood pressure
-
Increase renal perfusion
Question 88
Question
Inotropic drugs:
Answer
-
Digitalis
-
Dobutamine
-
Dopamine
-
Epinephrine
-
All the above
Question 89
Question
Another name for Versed
Answer
-
Diphenhydramine
-
Diazepam
-
Midazolam
-
None of the above
Question 90
Question
Another name for Valium
Answer
-
Midazolam
-
Diphenhydramine
-
Diazepam
-
None of the above
Question 91
Question
Another name for Benadryl
Answer
-
Diphenhydramine
-
Diazepam
-
Midazolam
-
None of the above
Question 92
Question
Sedatives with NO analgesic properties:
Answer
-
Versed
-
Ibuprofen
-
Benadryl
-
Demeral
-
Acetaminophen
-
Valium
Question 93
Question
Heparin prevents clot formation by preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
Question 94
Question
ReoPro inhibits IIb/IIIa receptors.
Question 95
Question
INR (international normalized ratio) measures the levels of Coumadin.
Question 96
Question
PT evaluates the coagulation factors VII, X, V, II and I (fibrinogen).
Question 97
Question
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) test evaluates coagulation factors XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, V, II (prothrombin), and I (fibrinogen)
Question 98
Question
Medication of choice for Supraventricular Tachycardia is Adenosine.
Question 99
Question
Normal RA pressure:
Answer
-
25/10
-
25/5
-
120/80
-
0-4
-
120/10
-
7-12
Question 100
Question
Normal PA pressure:
Answer
-
120/80
-
120/10
-
25/10
-
7-12
-
25/5
-
0-4
Question 101
Question
Normal RV pressure:
Answer
-
0-4
-
25/5
-
120/10
-
25/10
-
120/80
-
7-12
Question 102
Question
Normal PCW pressure
Answer
-
7-12
-
120/80
-
25/5
-
120/10
-
0-4
-
25/10
Question 103
Question
Normal LV pressure:
Answer
-
25/10
-
120/80
-
7-12
-
25/5
-
0-4
-
120/10
Question 104
Question
Normal AO pressure:
Answer
-
120/80
-
0-4
-
25/5
-
120/10
-
25/10
-
7-12
Question 105
Question
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) calculation:
Question 106
Question
Pulse Pressure calculation:
Answer
-
AO Systole - AO Diastole
-
AO Diastole - AO Systole
-
PA Systole - AO Diastole
Question 107
Question
Stroke Volume (SV) calculation:
Question 108
Answer
-
Cardiac Index
-
Regurgitant Fraction
-
Aortic Valve Flow
Question 109
Answer
-
Cardiac Index
-
CO Angiographic (LVMF)
-
Regurgitant Fraction
Question 110
Question
Gorlin's Constant used for Aortic valve area:
Question 111
Question
Gorlin constant for Mitral valve area:
Question 112
Question
Mean PA - Mean PCW / CO:
Question 113
Question
Mean AO - Mean RA / CO:
Question 114
Question
LV Systole - AO Systole:
Answer
-
PVR
-
SVR
-
Peak to Peak Gradient
-
Aortic Valve Area
Question 115
Question
CO / SEP ( systolic ejection period):
Answer
-
Aortic Valve Area (AVA)
-
Mitral Valve Area (MVA)
-
Aortic Valve Flow (AVF)
-
Mitral Valve Flow (MVF)
Question 116
Answer
-
Fick CO
-
Normal O2 consumption
-
Ejection Fraction
-
SV
Question 117
Question
What is the normal range of potassium (K+) in the blood?
Answer
-
3.0 - 5.5
-
3.5 - 5.5
-
3.5 - 5.0
-
3.0 - 5.0
Question 118
Question
INR measures the levels of which drug?
Answer
-
Plavix
-
Ticlid
-
Aspirin
-
Coumadin
Question 119
Question
Lovenox impacts Antithrombin and Factor Xa.
Question 120
Question
Ticlid and Plavix turn off receptor sites on platelets.
Question 121
Question 122
Question
Troponin is the most accurate measurement of cardiac muscle fiber damage after a MI.
Question 123
Question
Which lab value does NOT evaluate the extent of an MI?
Answer
-
SGOT
-
Serum Creatinine
-
CK-MB
-
LDH
Question 124
Question
Check pulse for one minute is the best way to calculate pulse rate.
Question 125
Question
Metabolic Acidosis has a low level of HCO3 (bicarb)
Question 126
Question
A pH less than 7.35 or greater than 7.45 is called:
Answer
-
Compensated
-
Uncompensated
-
Metabolic
-
Respiratory
Question 127
Question
What would be the appropriate intervention for a patient with Respiratory Acidosis?
Answer
-
Decreased ventilation
-
Increased ventilation
-
Oxygen
-
Uncompensated acidosis
Question 128
Question
To increase arterial PO2:
Answer
-
Hyperventilation
-
Hold breath
-
Oxygen
-
Give bicarb
Question 129
Question
Interpret the following blood gas:
pH = 7.25 CO2 = 60 HCO (bicarb) = 22
Answer
-
Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis
-
Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
-
Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
-
Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis
Question 130
Question
How will a high CO2 level impact pH?
Answer
-
lower
-
raise
-
will not affect
-
Not enough information
Question 131
Question
How will an increase in HCO2 (bicarb) affect pH?
Answer
-
Have no affect
-
lower
-
raise
-
Not enough information
Question 132
Question
The inner most layer of an after is the intima.
Question 133
Question
When a patient has a DILATED AORTIC ROOT, what diagnostic catheter is best utilized to visualize the LAD?
Question 134
Question
During a pericardiocentesis, the needle enters the sub-xyphoid process.
Question 135
Question
Where should assist on the IABP be set when a patient has a heart rate of 150?
Question 136
Question
Jugular vein distention can be caused by:
Question 137
Question
Ventricular arrhythmias are most common during injection of the right coronary artery.
Question 138
Question
Osmolality refers to the ability of the contrast to pull fluid into the intravascular space.
Question 139
Question
Synchronous pacemakers sense the heartbeats intrinsic activity and pace only when needed.
Question 140
Question
The purpose of an ICD is to:
Answer
-
Monitor bradycardia, tachycardia, VT, and Vfib
-
Monitor bradycardia, tachycardia, VT, and Vfib; and convert if necessary
-
Monitor bradycardia only
-
Monitor tachycardia only
Question 141
Question
The R and the L in RAO and LAO refer to the position of the image intensifier
Question 142
Question
What shows a TRUE posterior infarct on an EKG?
Answer
-
V1, V2, V3
-
V1, V2, and V7-V9
-
V7-V9
-
V1, V2
Question 143
Question
Time is the most important factor in decreasing Xray exposure to a patient.
Question 144
Question
What is the normal amount of blood in the pericardium?
Question 145
Question
The most common renal stenosis is located in the ostial.
Question 146
Question
A dislodged lead will cause a fail to capture pacemaker in the RV.
Question 147
Question
Monophasic defibrillation protocol is:
Answer
-
200-300-360
-
200-300-400
-
200-300-600
-
200-300-630
Question 148
Question
What does the "c" wave represent?
Answer
-
Onset of atrial contractions
-
Onset of Systole
-
Onset of ventricular contractions
-
Does not represent anything
Question 149
Question
Inject in the RA and read in the PA measures THERMAL DILUTION cardiac output.
Question 150
Question
Which would likely increase pulmonary blood flow, possibly pulmonary edema?
Answer
-
VSD
-
PDA
-
ASD
-
Truncus Arteriosis
Question 151
Question
RVEDP and LVEDP are different because there is less space in the LV to do the workload.
Question 152
Question
When endothelium cells build a chemical to equalize the vessel pressure, it is called INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE.
Question 153
Question
A MI would increase LVEDP, but NOT LV systolic pressure
Question 154
Question
A/V stenosis would increase LV systolic pressure.
Question 155
Question
Every clotting factor is made in the liver
Question 156
Question
What is the complication shown at the arrow?
Answer
-
Thrombus formation
-
Coronary perforation
-
Wire fracture
-
Coronary dissection
Question 157
Question
This IVUS cross-section shows:
Question 158
Question
The smaller the stent, the lower re-stenosis rate.
Question 159
Question
The Rotoblator, 1.25-2.0 mm burrs should operate at approximately:
Answer
-
180,000 rpm
-
100,000 rpm
-
160,000 rpm
-
80,000 rpm
Question 160
Question
The Rotoblator 2.15 mm and larger burrs should operate at approximately:
Answer
-
80,000 rpm
-
180,000 rpm
-
100,000 rpm
-
160,000 rpm
Question 161
Question
Identify the venous and ECG waves marked.
Answer
-
a wave
-
c wave
-
x wave
-
v wave
-
y wave
-
p wave
-
qrs complex
-
t wave
Question 162
Question
Mitral regurgitation is virtually certain when atrial "v" waves:
Answer
-
Are over 40 mmHg
-
Exceed the height of the "a" wave
-
Exceed 3 times the atrial mean pressure
-
Occur throughout systole and extend into diastole
Question 163
Question
High PCWP with normal EDP is:
Question 164
Question
High "v" wave equals:
Question 165
Question
What is the normal range of pH in the blood?
Answer
-
7.45 - 7.55
-
7.25 - 7.35
-
7.35 - 7.45
-
None of these
Question 166
Question
What is the normal range of PaCO2 in the blood?
Answer
-
35 - 45
-
25 - 35
-
45 - 55
-
None of these
Question 167
Question
What is the normal range of HC03 in the blood?
Answer
-
22 - 26
-
20 - 30
-
25- 30
-
None of these
Question 168
Question
Identify the ports labeled.
Answer
-
Proximal
-
Guide wire
-
Thermistor connector
-
Balloon
-
Distal
Question 169
Question
What is the best view for visualization of a stent?
Answer
-
LAO 40, Cranial 0
-
RAO 40, Caudal 0
-
LAO 30, Cranial 0
-
LAO 60, Cranial 0
Question 170
Question
Which imaging results in a image with more NOISE?
Question 171
Question
Cine acquisition delivers a lower dose of radiation to the patient than Fluoro imaging.
Question 172
Question
Which image delivers a HIGHER amount of energy to the patient?
Answer
-
Cine imaging
-
Fluoro imaging