Question 1
Question
Membrane potential operated channels are
Question 2
Question
Striated muscle are structure bases of
Question 3
Question
Muscle extraction is possible when
Question 4
Question
Action potential is shape depends on
Question 5
Question
Action potential is
Question 6
Question
Elevation of calcium concentration is for
Question 7
Question
Stable membrane is
Question 8
Question
Average power of contraction of smooth muscle per unit cross section
Question 9
Question
Actin and myosin are in [blank_start]cellular fiber network[blank_end]
Question 10
Question
Smooth muscle cells are organised in [blank_start]bundles[blank_end] in strong parallel layers or spherical structures
Question 11
Question
Ion channels are
Answer
-
tubular links between cells
-
ionized groove upon the membrane
-
protein structures in membranes through which ions pass
Question 12
Question
Ion channels conductivity during the action potential
Question 13
Question
On the border water-air (the free surface of the water) lipids from
Question 14
Question
In stationary state the membrane potential
Question 15
Question
Both smooth muscle contractions and skeletal muscle contractions involve thin (actin) filament over the thick (myosin) filaments
Question 16
Question
In smooth muscle contraction, the majority of calcium (Ca2+) needed for contraction enters from extracellular fluid.
Question 17
Question
Troponin and tropomyosin are attached to thick filaments of smooth muscle cells
Question 18
Question
Myosin of the thick filaments of smooth muscle cells must be phosphorylated in order to bind of the thin filaments
Question 19
Question
Nor-epinephrine released from sympathetic nerve terminals in the heart cause a decrease in the pacemaker activity.
Question 20
Question
The rapid upstoke (phase 0) of actin potentials in ventricular and atrial myocytes results from opening of Ca2+ channels.
Question 21
Question
Thick filaments are composed of myosin and thin filaments are primarily composed of actin.
Question 22
Question
Tropomyosin binds Ca2+ causing a conformational change that causes troponin to uncover binding sites on actin for crossbridge attachment.
Question 23
Answer
-
Calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker
-
Sodium (Na+) channel blocker
-
Potassium (K+) channel blocker
Question 24
Question
Tetraethylammonium is a blocker for which channel?
Answer
-
Calcium (Ca2+) channel
-
Sodium (Na+) channel
-
Potassium (K+) channel
Question 25
Answer
-
Calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker
-
Sodium (Na+) channel blocker
-
Potassium (K+) channel blocker
Question 26
Question
Which is not a type/class of carrier protein?
Answer
-
Uniport
-
Symport
-
Antiport
-
Microport
Question 27
Question
Ionophores have following action except
Question 28
Question
Diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane with different permeabilities for different substance is called:
Answer
-
Tran-Diffusion
-
Filtration
-
Osmosis
-
Diffusion
Question 29
Question
The pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis
Answer
-
Osmotic Pressure
-
Filtration Pressure
-
Osmotic Stability
Question 30
Question
Movement of liquid across a semipermeable membrane under hydrostatic pressure is called
Answer
-
Filtration
-
Hydrostatic Diffusion
-
Osmosis
-
None of these
Question 31
Question
GLUT1 and Ionophores valiomycin are examples of
Question 32
Question
Antiport is best described by
Answer
-
Carrier protein binds one solutes and transports it across the membrane
-
Carrier protein binds two different solutes and transport them together across the membrane
-
A substrate binds and is transported across the membrane then another substrate binds and is transported in the other direction
Question 33
Question
A factors that does NOT affect rate of facilitated diffusion:
Answer
-
Concentration gradient across the membrane
-
Amount of carrier proteins available
-
Speed of carrier and substrate attachment
-
How fast the protein changes shape after attachment
-
Mean Molecular Velocity
Question 34
Question
Which of these is not a type of ion channel?
Question 35
Question
Which of this is not a class of ATPase
Answer
-
P-Type
-
F-Type
-
V-Type
-
L-Type
Question 36
Question
Which statement is incorrect?
Answer
-
P-type- transport Na+, K+, Ca2+ through plasma membrane and in doing so they are phosphorylated
-
F-type- found in mitochondria where they are the prime producers of ATP by using the proton gradient generated by oxidative phosphorylation
-
V-type- only found in plant cells, catalysing ATP hydrolysis to transport solutes
Question 37
Question
The downhill (along concentration Gradient) movement of one species driving the uphill (against concentration Gradient) movement of another where metabolic energy is not utilised directly is called
Question 38
Question
Which part of the sodium-potassium pump (Na=/K+ ATPase) has an ATP binding site and 3 other sites which have a high affinity for Na+ ion
Question 39
Answer
-
Resting Potential
-
Depolarization
-
Repolarization
-
Hyperpolarization
Question 40
Question
The resting potential can be changed by chemical, mechanical or electrical stimulus
Question 41
Question
No refractory period is associated with graded potentials.
Question 42
Question 43
Question
If the membrane potential is changed slowly, the electrical current can pass without action potential needing to be initiated.
This phenomena is known as
Answer
-
Accommodation
-
Action Potential
-
Electronic Potential
-
None of these
Question 44
Question
Fill in the gaps: (symbols like K+ /Na+/Ca2+ are used instead of word)
Phase 0: Rapid depolarization: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] Na+ and [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] K+ conductances
Phase 1: Initial re polarization: decreased [blank_start]Na+[blank_end] and increased [blank_start]K+[blank_end] conductances
Phase 2: [blank_start]Plateau phase[blank_end]: increased [blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] conductance
Phase 3: Re-polarization: increased [blank_start]K+[blank_end] and decreased [blank_start]Ca2+[blank_end] conductances
Phase 4:[blank_start]Resting potential[blank_end]: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] [blank_start]K+[blank_end] and [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] Na+ and [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] Ca2+ conductance
Answer
-
increased
-
decreased
-
Plateau phase
-
Na+
-
K+
-
Ca2+
-
K+
-
decreased
-
Resting potential
-
increased
-
decreased
-
K+
-
Ca2+
Question 45
Question
What results in a decrease of AP amplitude and depolarization block therefore the heart stops in diastole?
Answer
-
Increased sodium (Na+) extracellularly
-
Increased Potassium (K+) extracellularly
-
Decreased Potassium (K+) extracellularly
Question 46
Question
What results in shortening of the refractory period therefore a defibrilation risk?
Answer
-
Increased extracellular potassium (K+)
-
Decreased extracellular potassium (K+)
-
Increased extracellular calcium (Ca+)
Question 47
Question
What would cause a sudden decrease of AP depolarization phase and its duration resulting in cells becoming unexcitable?
Answer
-
Increased extracellular potassium (K+)
-
Increased extracellular sodium (Na+)
-
Decreased extracellular sodium (Na+)
Question 48
Question
Which of these statements are true
More than one correct ans.
Answer
-
Z line – Where the myosin filaments are anchored
-
M line – Where the myosin filaments are anchored
-
A band – The length of a myosin filament, may contain overlapping actin filaments
-
I band – Contains only actin filaments
-
H Zone- Contains only myosin filaments
-
All are true
-
None are true
Question 49
Question
Which is true for Troponin T
Answer
-
Connect troponin to Tropomyosin
-
Suppress interaction between actin and myosin in absence of Ca2+
-
Reversible connection with Ca2+ when concentration of Ca2+ is high enough
Question 50
Question
Which best describes Isometric muscle contraction?
Answer
-
Muscles shortens in length in relationship to the production of movement (i.e. push ups)
-
Muscle length remains the same, no movement occurs but the force (muscle tension) is increased above tonic levels to resist gravity or other forces i.e. holding a shopping bag
-
Contraction against increasing force
Question 51
Question
[blank_start]Isotonic[blank_end]: Muscles shortens in length in relationship to the production of movement (i.e. push ups)
[blank_start]Isometric[blank_end]: Muscle length remains the same, no movement occurs but the force (muscle tension) is increased above tonic levels to resist gravity or other forces i.e. holding a shopping bag
[blank_start]Auxotonic[blank_end]: Contraction against increasing force
Answer
-
Isotonic
-
Isometric
-
Auxotonic
Question 52
Question
Force<load therefore axotonic/eccentric contraction speed of contraction (V) is
Question 53
Question
Electromechanical connection is the dependence between membrane potential and
Question 54
Question
How long is the latent period between stimuli and muscle contraction
Answer
-
2-3 ms
-
2-3 sec
-
No latent period
-
12-13 ms