Biology Chapter 3 Test Review

The primary purpose of flowers is to produce [blank_start]seeds[blank_end] for reproduction.

Another name for a flower stalk is a [blank_start]pedicel[blank_end].

The chief factor affecting when most plants flower is the length of [blank_start]daylight[blank_end] and [blank_start]night[blank_end].

Choose the eight groups of simple fruits.

Choose five important cereal grains.

Choose the 4 parts of a wheat kernel.

Choose the three main parts of a seed.

Choose the three technical names for the parts of the embryo.

Choose the five factors that favor seed germination.

What is the difference between complete and incomplete flowers? Complete flowers have [blank_start]sepals[blank_end], [blank_start]petals[blank_end], [blank_start]stamens[blank_end], and [blank_start]pistils[blank_end]; incomplete flowers lack one or more of these four basic parts.

What is the difference between staminate and pistillate flowers? Staminate, or male, flowers lack pistils and bear only [blank_start]stamens[blank_end]; pistillate, or [blank_start]female[blank_end], flowers lack stamens and bear only [blank_start]pistils[blank_end].

Explain the difference between monoecious plants and dioecious plants. A monoecious plant produces both [blank_start]staminate[blank_end] and [blank_start]pistillate[blank_end] flowers. A [blank_start]dioecious[blank_end] plant may produce staminate [blank_start]or[blank_end] pistillate flowers, but the two types of flowers are born by [blank_start]separate[blank_end] plants.

Distinguish between self-pollination [blank_start]and[blank_end] cross-pollination.

Distinguish between self-pollination and cross-pollination. In self-pollination, pollen from the anther is transferred to the stigma of a pistil in the [blank_start]same[blank_end] flower or to the another flower of the [blank_start]same[blank_end] [blank_start]plant[blank_end]. In cross-pollination, the pollen from an anther of one plant is transferred to a stigma of a flower on [blank_start]another[blank_end] [blank_start]plant[blank_end].

How does pollination lead to fertilization and the development of a seed? Pollination is the transfer of [blank_start]pollen[blank_end] from an [blank_start]anther[blank_end] to the [blank_start]stigma[blank_end] portion of a pistil. Pollination brings sperm cells to the [blank_start]pistil[blank_end], making fertilization possible. Fertilization is the fusion of a [blank_start]sperm[blank_end] cell with an [blank_start]egg[blank_end] cell within the ovule. Fertilization determines the blueprint for the new [blank_start]plant[blank_end] and triggers the development of the [blank_start]seed[blank_end] and fruit.

Explain the difference between simple fruits, aggregate fruits, and multiple fruits. Simple fruits form from a [blank_start]single[blank_end] flower with only [blank_start]one[blank_end] pistil. Aggregate fruits form from [blank_start]one[blank_end] flower that has [blank_start]several[blank_end] pistils. Multiple fruits form from [blank_start]several[blank_end] flowers.

Describe the stages of germination of a bean seed. When a bean is planted and begins to germinate, it absorbs a great deal of [blank_start]water[blank_end]. The presence of water triggers chemical changes, causing the [blank_start]embryo[blank_end] to swell and grow. The water also softens the [blank_start]seed[blank_end] [blank_start]coat[blank_end] so that the root and [blank_start]shoot[blank_end] can push through the coat and begin growing into the soil.

Why does whole wheat flour tend to be more nutritious than white flour? When white flour is made, the [blank_start]bran[blank_end] and [blank_start]germ[blank_end], which contain most of the nutrients are removed during the milling process; the extra processing and bleaching also causes some loss of [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end] (although vitamins and minerals are commonly added during processing).

The primary function of fruits is to [blank_start]scatter the plant's seeds.[blank_end]

Two kinds of seed dispersal are [blank_start]agent[blank_end] dispersal and [blank_start]mechanical[blank_end] dispersal.

[blank_start]Agent[blank_end] dispersal is when an outside [blank_start]agent[blank_end] such as an animal, a man, the wind, or water, carries the seeds to good soil.

[blank_start]Mechanical[blank_end] dispersal is when the fruit scatters its seeds by bursting open when they are ripe to catapult them to a new location.

Which method of seed dispersal (agent or mechanical) can spread seeds farther from the plant? [blank_start]Mechanical[blank_end] dispersal is limited to the maximum distance that a seed can be thrown, which would be a few yards at the most. [blank_start]Agent[blank_end] dispersal, on the other hand, can carry seeds for hundreds or even thousands of miles by means of winds, flowing water, or migrating animals.

A viable seed is one that is still able to [blank_start]germinate[blank_end].