Question 1
Question
Acronym for early stroke awareness
Question 2
Question
What does the 'F' in FAST stand for?
Answer
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Face
-
Fast Response
-
False
-
Finish a sentence
Question 3
Question
Movement of arms like a 'C' inward toward spinal cord is called:
Answer
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decerebrate
-
'C'eizure
-
decorticate
-
muscle spasms
Question 4
Question
A transient ischemic attack or 'TIA' usually
Answer
-
lasts 2-3 hours
-
has permanent effects
-
lasts less than 1 hour
-
due to hemorrhage
Question 5
Question
Hemiplegia describes paralysis involving
Answer
-
unilateral side of body
-
lower extremeties
-
all four extremeties
-
muscles of the mouth
Question 6
Question
Clinical manifestations of CVA include:
Answer
-
HTN, dysphagia, arm drift, facial droop
-
burning in throat, epigastric pain
-
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
-
chest pain and SOB
Question 7
Question
Types of ischemic stroke are:
Answer
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thrombotic
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hemorrhagic
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transient
-
embolic
Question 8
Question
Cells involved in clearing blood debris of a hemorrhagic stroke include:
Answer
-
RBCs
-
lymphokines
-
astrocytes
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macrophages
Question 9
Question
What are clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke?
Question 10
Question
Decerebrate posturing is described as:
Answer
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extensor posturing
-
arms like an 'X'
-
arms like a 'C'
-
stiff neck
Question 11
Question
Neurological symptoms of a stroke appear as:
Answer
-
symmetrical
-
opposite side of injury
-
gradual onset
-
hypotension
Question 12
Question
Pt is exhibiting signs of right brain stroke, which side of the body will you see s/s?
Answer
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left side
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right side
-
both sides
-
neither side
Question 13
Question
Documenting a pt as lethargic means
Answer
-
easy arousal
-
no verbal response
-
minimal verbal response
-
disorientation to time
Question 14
Question
Pt only opens eyes w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Answer
-
coma
-
obtundation
-
lethargy
-
stupor
Question 15
Question
Increased intracranial pressure causes decrease in cerebral perfusion
Question 16
Question
The most common cause of osteomyelitis is:
Question 17
Question
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves:
Answer
-
inadequate mineralization
-
impaired synthesis of bone organic matrix
-
alteration in the OPG/RANKL/RANK system
-
formation of sclerotic bone
-
none of these
Question 18
Answer
-
destruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue
-
inflammation of ligaments
-
destruction of the articular cartilage
-
softening of the articular cartilage
-
destruction of the joint capsule
Question 19
Question
The causes of OA include which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
Question 20
Question
Ankylosing spondylitis: (More than one answer may be correct.)
Answer
-
is a systemic immune inflammatory disease
-
is characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine.
-
causes instability of synovial joints
-
begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage
-
is manifested early by low back pain and stiffness
Question 21
Answer
-
the pathogenesis is formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues.
-
purine metabolism is altered.
-
affected individuals likely have an inherited enzyme defect.
-
the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
-
all of these
Question 22
Question
A muscle contracture is:
Answer
-
the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
-
muscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury
-
often helped by relaxation training and biofeedback
-
a consequence of reduced muscle protein synthesis
-
all of these
Question 23
Answer
-
articular cartilages lose contact entirely
-
articular cartilages are partially separated
-
complete separation of a tendon or a ligament
-
a ligament tear
Question 24
Question 25
Question 26
Question 27
Question 28
Question 29
Question
muscle diagnosis in which there is muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber
Answer
-
fibromyalgia
-
myopathy
-
neuropathy
-
sprain
Question 30
Question
A sarcoma is a group of tumors arising from connective tissue
Question 31
Question
Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by damage or destruction in the _____ or _____ and by systematic signs of inflammation (select all that apply)
Answer
-
connective tissue
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synovial membrane
-
articular cartilage
-
nerve fibers
Question 32
Question
Non-inflammatory disease caused by a progression of loss in cartilage
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
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RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 33
Question
Non-infectious disease caused by an autoimmune reaction
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 34
Question
Sclerosis of bone underneath the cartilage and formation of bone spurs is possible with _____
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 35
Question
_____ has a higher incidence in the elderly and is primarily idiopathic
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 36
Question
Chronic condition caused by deterioration of cartilage (damaging chondrocytes). Cartilage becomes thin, flaky, then absent. Bone surfaces become less protected and therefore pt experiences pain upon weight bearing and mobilization
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 37
Question
Risk factors for _____ include: advancing age, joint trauma, long-term mechanical stress, drugs, obesity, and endocrine DOs
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 38
Question
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: deformity/nodules at ends of digits, worsening pain with activity, and asymmetrical symptoms
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 39
Question
Pain worsens with activity
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 40
Question
AM pain/stiffness diminishes in about 30 minutes after getting out of bed
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 41
Question
Diagnosis of _____ can be done with an x-ray
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 42
Question
An inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, primarily involving damage to the connective tissue in the synovial membrane. Cause is unknown, but multifactorial contributors and genetic predisposition have been noted
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 43
Question
Neutrophils and other cells in synovial fluid become activated and thicken becoming inflammatory exudate. Joint become swollen and inflamed. Inflammation causes small venules to become occluded w/ cells --> decrease in vascular flow to the joint. Inflammatory cytokines induce enzymatic breakdown of cartilage and bone.
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 44
Question
Pannus, which is associated with _____, grows over the articular surface and causes destruction
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 45
Question
Pain worsens w/ rest
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 46
Question
Morning pain/stiffness lasts 1+ hours after getting out of bed
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 47
Question
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: fever, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, joint pain/stiffness/tenderness, joints warm to touch, deformity (swan hands). and decreased ROM. Symptoms occur symmetrically
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 48
Question
Starts in fingers and wrists w/ later involvement in weight bearing joints (ankles & feet).
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 49
Question
Complications of _____ include: systemic effects including skin, cardiac valves, pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, and spleen; formation of nodules w/ central tissue necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 50
Question
Blood tests are used to diagnose _____
Answer
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 51
Question
Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by a _____ infection.
Question 52
Question
_____ osteomyelitis may originate from an open wound, open fracture, penetrating wound, or surgical procedure
Question 53
Question
_____ osteomyelitis may originate from pathogens carried in the blood from sites of infection elsewhere in the body
Question 54
Question
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: acute or chronic inflammation, fever, pain, and necrotic bone.
Answer
-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Question 55
Question
As you age, the amount of cartilage in your body starts to build up
Question 56
Question
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
Question 57
Question
band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones where they meet in a joint
Question 58
Question
tearing or stretching of a muscle or tendon is commonly known as a:
Question 59
Question
Ligament tears are commonly known as:
Question 60
Question
What makes up the CNS
Answer
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brain
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spinal cord
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cranial nerves
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spinal nerves
Question 61
Question
What makes up the PNS
Answer
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brain
-
spinal cord
-
cranial nerves
-
spinal nerves
Question 62
Question
The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are components of the _____ nervous system
Question 63
Question
What are the types of pain?
Answer
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visceral
-
somatic
-
referred
Question 64
Question
In promoting health maintenance for prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the highest risk for the most common type of CVA is seen in
Question 65
Question
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage
Question 66
Question
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. With speech, the messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue
Question 67
Question
is the inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific
Question 68
Question
means 'weakness'
Question 69
Question
means paralysis or no movement at all
Question 70
Question
Which is not a neuromodulator of pain?
Answer
-
prostaglandins
-
5-hydroxytryptamine
-
norepinephrine
-
lymphokines
-
heparin
Question 71
Question
An individual shows flexion in upper extremities and extension in lower extremities. This is:
Answer
-
decorticate posturing
-
decerebrate posturing.
-
excitation posturing
-
caloric posturing
Question 72
Question
Alzheimer disease:
Answer
-
can be caused by increased cerebral levels of acetylcholine
-
is most prevalent as a late-onset dementia
-
manifests as nerve cell tangles
-
manifests as neuron senile plaques.
-
all of these
Question 73
Question 74
Answer
-
orientation to person, time, and place
-
slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
-
inability to think clearly
-
vocalization in response to pain stimuli
-
no arousal
Question 75
Answer
-
orientation to person, time, and place
-
slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
-
inability to think clearly
-
vocalization in response to pain stimuli
-
no arousal
Question 76
Answer
-
unilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
-
generalized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every hour
-
focal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last more than an hour, and clear without evidence of infarction
-
neurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.
Question 77
Question
Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
Answer
-
polycythemia vera
-
HTN
-
DM
-
hyperhomocysteinemi
-
all of these
Question 78
Question
Which most typically characterizes the victims of a cerebral embolic stroke
Answer
-
individuals older than 65 years with a history of hypertension
-
individuals with a long history of TIA
-
middle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
-
individuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear
Question 79
Question
Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in which of the following cerebrovascular accidents.
Answer
-
TIA
-
thrombotic
-
embolic
-
hemorrhagic
Question 80
Question
Pain is a compensatory mechanism to stabalize the environment and maintain homeostasis
Question 81
Question
Not all pain involves tissue injury, release of chemical (inflammatory), mediators, and sensitization of spinal cord neurons
Question 82
Question
The _____ Theory asserts that non-painful input 'closes' the gates to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the CNS.
Answer
-
Gate Control
-
Specificity of Pain
-
Intensity of Pain
-
Pattern of Pain
Question 83
Question
These fibers are associated w/ 'fast' pain
Question 84
Question
These fibers are associated w/ 'slow' pain
Question 85
Question
Nociceptors are free nerve ending in the _____ PNS
Question 86
Question
_____ are widespread in the superficial layers of the skin, periosteum, arterial walls, and joint surfaces
Answer
-
nociceptors
-
neurons
-
neuromodulators
-
axons
Question 87
Question
_____ are myelinated
Question 88
Question
_____ fibers are associated with mechanical or thermal stimulation (needle stick, knife cut, acute burn) and are transmitted in less than 0.1 seconds
Question 89
Question
associated with acute pain
Question 90
Question
_____ fibers are stimulated by chemicals, mechanically, or thermally. Some examples include aches, throbbing, and nauseous pain
Question 91
Question
_____ fibers transmit signals at a rate of over 1 second
Question 92
Question
Associated w/ chronic pain
Question 93
Question
Neuromodulators are messengers released from a neuron in the _____, or in the periphery that affects groups of neurons or effector cells that have the appropriate receptors.
Question 94
Question
_____ trigger responsiveness
Answer
-
nociceptors
-
neurons
-
neuromodulators
-
axons
Question 95
Question
Choose the following tissue injury neuromodulators
Answer
-
prostaglandins
-
bradykinin
-
lymphokines
-
substance P
-
histamine
-
glutamate
-
somatostatin
Question 96
Question
Choose the following excitatory neuromodulators
Answer
-
prostaglandins
-
bradykinin
-
lymphokines
-
substance P
-
histamine
-
glutamate
-
somatostatin
Question 97
Question
_____ pain is a protective mechanism against immediate harm. It is the response of excessive adrenergic (sympathetic) activity
Question 98
Question
Somatic, visceral, referred, and neuropathic pain are types of _____ pain
Question 99
Question
pain in the body framework (skin, bones, muscle)
Answer
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Question 100
Question
pain in the organs of the body (chest pain, abdominal pain)
Answer
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Question 101
Question
pain felt in remote areas away from the original point of pain generation
Answer
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Question 102
Question
The disruption of nerves or hypersensitization of nerves.
Answer
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Question 103
Question
_____ pain occurs in ppl w/ DM
Answer
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Question 104
Question
_____ pain may be treated (off-label) w/ tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or antiarrhythmics
Answer
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Question 105
Question
_____ pain lasts as little as a few seconds to as much as 3 months. There is a temporary or minor disruption in normal ADL's and lifestyle
Question 106
Question
_____ pain persists more than 3 months. It imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on pts and their family
Question 107
Question
Acute pain is a very costly health care problem. Is is usually caused from a complex underlying DO
Question 108
Question
_____ pain affect employment, finances, family structure, social relationships
Question 109
Question
Personality changes are apparent with chronic pain
Question 110
Question
Negative health consequences of _____ pain include increased stress, decreased GI motility and appetite, increased blood clotting, delayed healing, decreased immune system, interference with sleep, and hormonal imbalances
Question 111
Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves what increases or decreases the pain level
Question 112
Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves a description of what the pain feels like (sharp, dull, hot, stinging, ect)
Question 113
Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves where the pain is (localized, referred)
Question 114
Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves rating the pain on a scale of 1-10
Question 115
Question
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves how long the pain has been present (acute, chronic)
Question 116
Question
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
Question 117
Question
The somatic nervous system regulates _____ motor control
Question 118
Question
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating the body's internal environment thru involuntary control of organ systems
Question 119
Question
The _____ nervous system controls the body's fight or flight response
Answer
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Question 120
Question
The _____ nervous system conserves the body's energy
Answer
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Question 121
Question
The _____ pathway is ascending and messages go from the body to the brain
Question 122
Question
The _____ pathway is descending and messages travel from the brain to the body
Question 123
Question
_____ neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
Answer
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Question 124
Question
_____ neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
Answer
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Question 125
Question
_____ neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Answer
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Question 126
Question
A pts pain _____ is the lowest intensity of pain that a person can recognize
Question 127
Question
A pt's pain _____ is the greatest intensity of pain that a person can endure
Question 128
Question
_____ is a respiratory rate of less than 12 breathes a minute and is associated w/ neurological conditions, electrolyte disturbances, narcotic or barbituate OD, or is seen postanesthesia
Question 129
Question
_____ results in a persistent respiratory rate of more than 20 breathes per minute and is associated with trauma, injury, stress, pain; respiratory, cardiac, or liver disease
Question 130
Question
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by shallow breathing alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated with neurologic problems, head trauma, brain abscess, and heatstroke
Question 131
Question
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated w/ CHF, drug OD, increased intracranial pressure, and impending death
Question 132
Question
_____ are respirations of increased rate and depth and are associated w/ metabolic acidosis, DKA, and renal failure
Question 133
Question
Which of the following shows the stages of altered consciousness
Answer
-
confusion, disorientation, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma
-
disorientation, confusion, obtundation, lethargy, coma, stupor
-
confusion, disorientation, stupor, lethargy, obtundation, coma
-
obtundation, disorientation, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma
Question 134
Question
loss of ability to think, impaired judgement and decision making
Answer
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Question 135
Question
beginning loss of consciousness, unable to tell name, place, or time
Answer
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Question 136
Question
limited spontaneous movement or speech; easy arousal w/ normal speech or touch; may or may not be oriented to time, place, and person
Answer
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargic
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Question 137
Question
mild to moderate reduction in arousal w/ limited response to environment; fall asleep unless stimulated verbally or tactilely; answer questions w/ minimal responses
Answer
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Question 138
Question
condition of deep sleep or unresponsiveness; opens eyes only w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Answer
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Question 139
Question
no verbal response to external environment or to any stimuli
Answer
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Question 140
Question
_____ posturing include flexing and the arms are like 'C's' and move in toward the spinal cord
Question 141
Question
_____ posturing involves extension and the arms are like 'e's'