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Biology Olympiad- Origin of Life

Description

To help revise for the Origins of Life section of the Biology Olympiad
Emma Lloyd
Quiz by Emma Lloyd, updated more than 1 year ago
Emma Lloyd
Created by Emma Lloyd almost 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
How long ago was the Earth formed from a cloud of dust particles surrounding the sun?
Answer
  • 200-300 million years ago
  • 480 billion years ago
  • 4500-5000 million years ago

Question 2

Question
How was the core of our Earth formed?
Answer
  • Heat generated by gravitational compression and radioactive decay melted the interior
  • The temperature from the sun was so hot that the rock formations on Earth simply melted inwards
  • Combustion of argon

Question 3

Question
What molten elements are the Earth's core made out of?
Answer
  • Nickel and Iron
  • Hydrogen and Oxygen
  • Magnesium and Nitrogen

Question 4

Question
The Earth's liquid mantle is made out of silicates of which two elements?
Answer
  • Silicon and Calcium
  • Magnesium and Iron
  • Carbon and Nitrogen

Question 5

Question
What is the Earth's crust made of?
Answer
  • Light silicate compounds
  • Only sedimentary rock
  • Molten lava

Question 6

Question
Which gases were present in the first atmosphere of Earth?
Answer
  • Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, methane, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide.
  • Hydrogen, water vapour, methane, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide.
  • Hydrogen, carbon, water vapour, methane and nitrogen.

Question 7

Question
Which property did the early atmosphere have?
Answer
  • Photolysis properties
  • Oxidising properties
  • Reducing properties

Question 8

Question
What was missing from the Earth's early atmosphere?
Answer
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Water Vapour

Question 9

Question
Where were most of the early useful molecules thought to have been created?
Answer
  • In shallow oceans
  • In the depths of igneous rock
  • In the atmosphere

Question 10

Question
Who conducted the 'Primordial Soup' experiment in 1953?
Answer
  • Stanley Müller
  • Henry Maller
  • Stanley Miller

Question 11

Question
What was the aim of the 'primordial Soup' experiment?
Answer
  • To recreate the explosions that began the Earth
  • To recreate the conditions of Earth before life evolved
  • To observe how gases combusted

Question 12

Question
In the first Primordial Soup experiment, which organic compounds were in the solution?
Answer
  • Ribose, Adenine, Hydrochloric Acid and Urea.
  • Deoxyribose, Glucose, Carbolic Acid and Iron Phosphates.
  • Glycine, Alanine, Lactic Acid and Urea.

Question 13

Question
Which molecules have been created from recent recreations of the 'Primordial Soup' experiment?
Answer
  • Ribose, deoxyribose, purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides.
  • RNA, water, hexose, phosphoric acid and nucleotides.
  • DNA, water, purines, pyrimidines and hexose.

Question 14

Question
How do you create ATP from purines?
Answer
  • Combine ribose and phosphates to adenine under UV light
  • Combine deoxyribose and phosphates to adenine with an electrical charge sent through it.
  • Combine ribose and phosphates to ammonia under UV light.

Question 15

Question
What is the name given to large aggregations of molecules?
Answer
  • Cofactor Droplets
  • Coacervate Droplets
  • Cervical Droplets

Question 16

Question
How were the droplets made by Oparin (which resembled living cells) created in the lab?
Answer
  • Dissolving glycerol and polysaccharides in water
  • Dissolving gelatin and proteins in water
  • Dissolving gelatin protein and polysaccharides in water

Question 17

Question
How did the droplets made by Oparin resemble living cells?
Answer
  • They acquired a membrane-like lipid coating
  • They developed nuclei
  • They could fully synthesis proteins

Question 18

Question
How did Oparin's stable droplets grow?
Answer
  • Mitosis
  • Absorbing chemicals from less stable droplets
  • Endocytosis

Question 19

Question
The first living cells are thought to have arisen from which kind of droplets?
Answer
  • Coacervate droplets that contained polynucleotides
  • Coacervate droplets that contained polysaccharides
  • Coacervate droplets that contained protiens

Question 20

Question
Which of the following is a reason that some of the first living cells broke down?
Answer
  • Not enough carbon dioxide to photosynthesis
  • Not enough oxygen to respire
  • Short supply of adenosine triphosphate

Question 21

Question
What is the definition of glycolysis?
Answer
  • The breakdown of glucose to provide energy for the production of ATP
  • The breakdown of glucose to provide energy for the production of proteins
  • The anabolism of glucose to provide energy

Question 22

Question
The first organisms were:
Answer
  • Heterotropic and aerobic
  • Heterotrophic and anaerobic
  • Homotrophic and aerobic

Question 23

Question
The first cells had nucleic acids organised into coding systems for protein synthesis but they did not have...
Answer
  • DNA
  • Nuclear membranes
  • Ribosomes

Question 24

Question
How did oxygen first appear in the atmosphere?
Answer
  • Respiration of the first living cells
  • Natural combustion
  • Ultra-violet radiation acting on water vapour

Question 25

Question
Why was atmospheric oxygen damaging?
Answer
  • It created hydrogen peroxide that could attack RNA and DNA
  • Oxygen over-exposure caused severe abnormalities in cells
  • There was not enough of it

Question 26

Question
Which enzyme protects against the effects of hydrogen peroxide?
Answer
  • Peroxase
  • Hydrogenase
  • Catalase

Question 27

Question
Which process produced atmospheric oxygen?
Answer
  • Photolysis
  • Respiration
  • Radical Substitution

Question 28

Question
What happened to the remaining organic chemicals of the 'Primordial Soup'?
Answer
  • They were broken down into hydrogen peroxide and reduced sediments
  • They were broken down into carbon dioxide and oxidised sediments
  • They were broken down into carbon monoxide and reduced sediments

Question 29

Question
Which processes do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
Answer
  • Glycolysis and respiration
  • Photolysis and protein synthesis
  • Glycolysis and photosynthesis

Question 30

Question
What does the Symbiotic Theory suggest?
Answer
  • All organelles work with one another, supporting the function of each other
  • All organelles used to be individual prokaryotes
  • All organelles can perform glycolysis

Question 31

Question
Which of the following are proof of the Symbiotic Theory?
Answer
  • Cells can respire
  • Mitochondria resemble aerobic bacteria
  • DNA resembles RNA

Question 32

Question
How can we estimate the age of rocks?
Answer
  • Measure their depth below the surface
  • Use TEM microscopy
  • Measure how much energy they release when combusted

Question 33

Question
In newer methods of determining the age of rocks, which element can be used?
Answer
  • Francium
  • Uranium
  • Argon

Question 34

Question
How old is the oldest found invertebrate (with hard shells or exoskeletons)?
Answer
  • 60 million years old
  • 600 million years old
  • 6000 million years old

Question 35

Question
How old are the first vertebrae fossils?
Answer
  • 5 million years old
  • 50 million years old
  • 500 million years old

Question 36

Question
How old are the oldest microfossils that resemble bacteria?
Answer
  • 1100 million years old
  • 3100 million years old
  • 5100 million years old
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