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Ecology

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midterm ecology 2483a
Lindsay Daly
Quiz by Lindsay Daly, updated more than 1 year ago
Lindsay Daly
Created by Lindsay Daly over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Four results of genetic drift in a small poopulation:
Answer
  • fixation
  • loss of genetic variation
  • increase in mildly harmful alleles
  • increased differences between populations
  • increased genetic variation
  • stabilizing selection

Question 2

Question
Prairie chickens showed what results of genetic drift:
Answer
  • decrease in genetic variation
  • increase in mildly harmful alleles
  • fixation
  • increased differences from other populations

Question 3

Question
Gene flow can result in:
Answer
  • increased similarities between populations
  • introduction of new alleles
  • decrease in genetic variation

Question 4

Question
Mosquitoes in africa were an example of gene flow
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
[blank_start]Adaptations[blank_end] are features of organisms that improve their ability to survive and reproduce.
Answer
  • Adaptations

Question 6

Question
Soapberry bugs and the goldenrain vine were an example of [blank_start]adaptive evolution[blank_end].
Answer
  • adaptive evolution
  • natural selection
  • disruptive selection

Question 7

Question
[blank_start]Clines[blank_end] are patterns of change in a characteristic pattern over a geographic region.
Answer
  • Clines
  • Temperate zones
  • Inter tropical convergence zones

Question 8

Question
In drosophila, the AdHs gene is less functional in cold, so the frequency increases with latitude
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Bentgrass at mine sites was an example of [blank_start]natural selection[blank_end] overcoming gene flow
Answer
  • natural selection
  • genetic drift
  • sexual selection

Question 10

Question
Constraints on natural selection:
Answer
  • evolutionary history
  • ecological trade offs
  • lack of genetic variation
  • environment
  • cline

Question 11

Question
[blank_start]Genetic drift[blank_end] can result in reproductive barriers, but [blank_start]gene flow[blank_end] can prevent this from happening.
Answer
  • Genetic drift
  • Gene flow
  • gene flow
  • genetic drift

Question 12

Question
One introduced species started a cascade of speciation in which example:
Answer
  • Maggot flies, wasps and apples
  • Planorbella and Ribeiroia
  • White-tailed deer and ticks

Question 13

Question
Examples of life history characteristics are
Answer
  • Amount and timing of reproduction
  • Age and size at sexual maturity
  • Survival and mortality rates
  • Diet

Question 14

Question
Clown fish have a size hierarchy to reduce conflict
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Phenotypic plasticity was occurring in these species:
Answer
  • Evergreens in different climates
  • Spadefoot toads
  • Prairie hens
  • Aspen trees

Question 16

Question
Phenotypic plasticity may be a [blank_start]continuous[blank_end] range of sizes, or may have discrete intervals, called [blank_start]morphs[blank_end].
Answer
  • continuous
  • limited
  • random
  • discrete
  • morphs
  • life history stages
  • discrete intervals

Question 17

Question
C. elegans was used as an example of:
Answer
  • Pros and cons of asexual vs sexual reproduction
  • Phenotypic plasticity
  • Polyphenism

Question 18

Question
[blank_start]Semelparous[blank_end] species reproduce once in a lifetime, [blank_start]iteroparous[blank_end] species reproduce many times in a lifetime.
Answer
  • Semelparous
  • Iteroparous
  • Metamorphic
  • iteroparous
  • semelparous
  • polyphenic

Question 19

Question
[blank_start]r- slection[blank_end] is the growth strategy that is rapid and advantageous in new environments. [blank_start]K-selection[blank_end] is the growth strategy that is slower and is valuable in high-density environments.
Answer
  • r- slection
  • K-selection
  • intrinsic selection
  • K-selection
  • r-selection
  • intrinsic selection

Question 20

Question
Low stress, low disturbance is best for [blank_start]competitive plants[blank_end]. High stress, low-disturbance is best for [blank_start]stress-tolerant plants[blank_end] with [blank_start]slow rates of water and nutrient use[blank_end]. Low stress, high disturbance is best for [blank_start]ruderal plants[blank_end], with [blank_start]heavy investment in seed production[blank_end].
Answer
  • competitive plants
  • stress-tolerant plants
  • slow rates of water and nutrient use
  • ruderal plants
  • heavy investment in seed production

Question 21

Question
Lesser black-beaked gulls were an example of a tradeoff between clutch size and survival rate of offspring.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
High adult survival rates would favour allocating energy to [blank_start]growth[blank_end].
Answer
  • growth
  • reproduction

Question 23

Question
The Nassau grouper's change from being small and living in algae clumps to being larger and living in rocky areas is an example of a morph.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

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An adult mole salamander living in aquatic environments is an example of [blank_start]paedomorphism[blank_end].
Answer
  • paedomorphism
  • niche shift
  • a morph

Question 25

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A [blank_start]proximate[blank_end] cause is how the behaviour occurs, an [blank_start]ultimate[blank_end] cause is the evolutionary reason behind the behaviour. The [blank_start]latter[blank_end] is more interesting to biologists.
Answer
  • proximate
  • ultimate
  • latter
  • former

Question 26

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Cockroaches gaining an aversion to glucose after generations of exposure to an insecticide trap containing glucose is an example of:
Answer
  • adaptive behavioural change
  • evolution
  • niche shift

Question 27

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Old field mouse and deer mouse case study found that tunnel length is controlled by [blank_start]one loci[blank_end].
Answer
  • one loci
  • two loci
  • behaviour

Question 28

Question
P= E/t is an equation relevant to:
Answer
  • foraging theory
  • herbivory
  • competition
  • carrying capacity

Question 29

Question
Handling time refers to how long it takes a parent to bring offspring to maturity.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
Marginal value theorem states that an animal should stay in a patch until energy gain [blank_start]declines[blank_end] to average energy gain for the habitat.
Answer
  • declines
  • increases

Question 31

Question
Individuals from a single fertilization are a
Answer
  • genet
  • genetic
  • peanut

Question 32

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[blank_start]Regular[blank_end] dispersion can be the result of competition. Co-operative breeding can occur in [blank_start]high value[blank_end] habitats, when [blank_start]high quality[blank_end] habitat is rare.
Answer
  • Regular
  • Clumped
  • Random
  • high value
  • low value
  • high quality
  • low quality

Question 33

Question
N= (M*C)/R is the equation for line transect abundance
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Relative population size compares number of sightings in an area to effort or another area. Considered to model actual population
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

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lambda= Nt+1/Nt is the equation for growth rate
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
[blank_start]Geometric[blank_end] growth has a constant growth rate at [blank_start]discrete[blank_end] periods, Nt+1= lambda(Nt). [blank_start]Exponential[blank_end] growth has [blank_start]constant[blank_end] reproduction dN/dt= rN.
Answer
  • Geometric
  • Exponential
  • constant
  • finite
  • discrete

Question 37

Question
Density independent factors regulate population size.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

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The logistic equation is
Answer
  • Nt+1=lambda(N)
  • dN/dt= rN
  • dN/dt= rN(1-(N/K)

Question 39

Question
Demographic stochasticity
Answer
  • chance events affect reproduction and survival
  • finite increase decreases as the carrying capacity is approached
  • cyclic events affect an individuals survival rate

Question 40

Question
[blank_start]Demographic stochasticity[blank_end]- when chance event move the individual away from the norm while birth and death rates remain constant. [blank_start]Environmental stochasticity[blank_end]-changes in environment cause change in birth and death rates. [blank_start]Allee effect[blank_end]- small populations have decreased growth as it becomes harder to find a mate.
Answer
  • Demographic stochasticity
  • Environmental stochasticity
  • Allee effect

Question 41

Question
Metapopulation is an analysis of all populations in an environment
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Amensalism is where one species is harmed and the other is [blank_start]unaffected[blank_end].
Answer
  • unaffected
  • decreased
  • increased
  • driven to extinction

Question 43

Question
This is the equation for the
Image:
155ede5c-7633-4778-b3e7-f0ed8cdb180d (image/png)
Answer
  • Lotka-volterra competition model
  • logistic growth

Question 44

Question
This is the range where species can co-exist
Image:
9c09733c-251f-48e2-af6d-001c0d6f1ab4 (image/png)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Character displacement is where
Answer
  • through competition like species diverge
  • natural selection causes directional selection
  • competition drives one species to extinction
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