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Exam 1

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Chapters 1 & 2
Yuliya Klyashtof
Quiz by Yuliya Klyashtof, updated more than 1 year ago
Yuliya Klyashtof
Created by Yuliya Klyashtof about 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Biology is ______________________.
Answer
  • Mostly a collection of facts that can be ordered and memorized
  • the study of living things
  • a separate branch of science from the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment
  • Both a) and b) are true

Question 2

Question
A buffer is a chemical that:
Answer
  • can quickly absorb H+ ions to keep a solution from becoming too acidic
  • can quickly release H+ ions to counteract any increases in the OH- concentration in a solution
  • Is identical to baking soda
  • restore the pH of a solution to 7.0
  • a) and b) are both true

Question 3

Question
Pure water and aqueous solutions that are neither acidic nor basic are said to be:
Answer
  • Buffers
  • Neutral
  • Translucent
  • Transparent
  • Alkaline

Question 4

Question
The nucleus of an atom is usually made up of:
Answer
  • protons, neutrons, and proteins that hold them together
  • Protons, which have positive electrical charge, and proteins, which hold them together
  • neutrons, which have no electrical charge
  • protons, that which a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge

Question 5

Question
A solution's acidity is:
Answer
  • a measure of its negative charge (the stronger the negative charge, the more acidic the substance)
  • a measure of the number of nucleotide bases in the solution
  • a measure of the amount of buffer molecules in the solution
  • a measure of the number of all dissolved molecules in a solution
  • a measure of the H+ (free floating protons) in it

Question 6

Question
The pH of a fluid is a measure of:
Answer
  • its capacity to function as a soap
  • how acidic or basic it is
  • the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in it
  • its enzymatic stability
  • the concentration of phosphate groups

Question 7

Question
Multiple atoms linked together are collectively called:
Answer
  • a molecule
  • an element
  • a reactant
  • a substance
  • an isotope

Question 8

Question
Helium is not a reactive molecule because:
Answer
  • its first-level shell is full with two protons
  • its second-level shell is full with two electrons
  • its first-level shell is full with two neutrons
  • its first-level shell is full with two electrons
  • Helium is a reactive molecule

Question 9

Question
Which of the following molecules is NOT formed by covalent bonding?
Answer
  • NaCl
  • H2
  • H2O
  • CH4
  • O2

Question 10

Question
All matter on earth, both living and nonliving, is made up of:
Answer
  • carbohydrates
  • atoms
  • DNA
  • cells
  • phospholipids

Question 11

Question
There are three principal types of bonds that hold multiple atoms together.
Answer
  • hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and glycosidic linkages
  • covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds
  • covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds
  • ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ester bonds
  • phosphate bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 12

Question
Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules?
Answer
  • disulfide bridges
  • ionic bonds
  • hydrogen bonds
  • covalent bonds
  • Van der waals bonds

Question 13

Question
An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing:
Answer
  • a neutron
  • an orbital shell
  • an electron
  • a proton
  • an isotope

Question 14

Question
______________________ is the smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance
Answer
  • an atom
  • a proton
  • a molecule
  • an amino acid
  • a cell

Question 15

Question
which five chemical elements make up 93-97% of the biomass in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria?
Answer
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorous
  • carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, potassium

Question 16

Question
The number of protons in an element, also called its _____________, identifies the element.
Answer
  • nucleus
  • atomic number
  • ion
  • charge
  • atomic weight

Question 17

Question
Biology is to science as _______________ is to ____________________.
Answer
  • college baseball; professional baseball
  • basketball; sports
  • American soccer; European football
  • baseball; tennis
  • the home team; the visiting team

Question 18

Question
An element:
Answer
  • is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substance
  • is an atom that has lost a proton or an electron
  • must occur naturally on earth somewhere
  • is a component of an atom
  • All of the above are true

Question 19

Question
All of the following are elements of biological literacy EXCEPT:
Answer
  • the ability to communicate with others about issues having a biological component
  • the ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues having a biological component
  • the ability to integrate thoughts about issues having a biological component into your decision-making
  • the ability to write clearly and precisely about your observations, data gathering. and conclusions
  • all of the above are elements of biological literacy

Question 20

Question
Biological literacy is the ability to:
Answer
  • use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component
  • communicate ideas about biology to others
  • integrate ideas about biology into your decision making
  • all of the above are components of biological literacy
  • only b) and c) are components of biological literacy

Question 21

Question
Thinking scientifically relies on which of the following?
Answer
  • objective observation and experimentation
  • learning a list of facts
  • intuition
  • applying your preconceptions
  • statements from authorities

Question 22

Question
Which of the following terms and phrases best describes the application of scientific purposes?
Answer
  • deduction
  • technology
  • junk science
  • statistics
  • pseudoscience

Question 23

Question
Statistical methods make it possible to:
Answer
  • unambiguously learn the truth
  • choose the best answer to value-based questions
  • test non-falsifiable hypotheses
  • determine how likely it is that certain results may have occurred by chance
  • reject any hypothesis

Question 24

Question
The scientific method will never prove or disprove:
Answer
  • the existence of God
  • the beauty of Shakespeare's sonnets
  • the ability of echinacea to prevent the common cold
  • all of the above are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove
  • only a) and b) are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove

Question 25

Question
Scientific data:
Answer
  • must be collected in laboratories
  • cannot be collected in a completely unbiased way
  • are used to support or refute a hypothesis
  • are always true
  • all of the above are true

Question 26

Question
A scientific theory is one that:
Answer
  • is supported by many years of experimentation all supporting the hypothesis
  • is based on hunches with no actual supporting evidence
  • sounds the most plausible
  • is the result of all scientific experiments
  • changes each time a different observation is made

Question 27

Question
Despite all of the intellectual analyses the scientific method gives rise to and objective conclusions it makes possible, it CANNOT:
Answer
  • affect one's opinions about social issues
  • generate new hypothesis
  • reject false claims
  • aid in technical advances
  • generate moral statements

Question 28

Question
Carbohydrates:
Answer
  • act as a relatively quick available source of fuel
  • serve as carbon skeletons that can be rearranged to form other molecules that are essential for biological structures and functions like nucleic acids
  • in the form of oligosaccharides are often covalently bonded to proteins and lipids on the outer cell surface, where they serve as cell recognition signals
  • are a good source of sustained energy when they come in the form of polysaccharides
  • all of the above

Question 29

Question
The figure represents which class of chemical compounds?
Answer
  • fats
  • acids
  • sterols
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins

Question 30

Question
The secondary structure of a protein refers to:
Answer
  • the linear assembly of amino acids into a chain
  • the way two or more polypeptides bind to each other
  • the twisting of the amino acids chain into a corkscrew - like shape or into a zigzag folding pattern
  • the configuration of the folded protein when bounded to other proteins
  • none of the above is correct

Question 31

Question
Organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon are called:
Answer
  • carbohydrates
  • enantiomers
  • hydrocarbons
  • fats
  • hydroxyls

Question 32

Question
An unsaturated fatty acid in one in which:
Answer
  • carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain
  • not all of the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • there is an odd number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain
  • there is an even number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain
  • carbon-carbon double bounds are not present i the hydrocarbon chain

Question 33

Question
Glycogen belongs in the class of molecules known as:
Answer
  • amino acids
  • monosaccharides
  • proteins
  • polysaccharides
  • nucleic acids

Question 34

Question
Phospholipids assemble spontaneously into bilayers driven by the attraction of their "tail" portions to each other and of their "head" portions to each other. The tail regions are:
Answer
  • hydrophilic
  • cohesive
  • hydrophobic
  • molecularly charged
  • adhesive

Question 35

Question
If your hypothesis is rejected then,
Answer
  • you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing
  • you should change the level of statistical significance until your hypothesis is accepted
  • your experiment was poorly designed
  • your experiment was a success
  • your experiment was a failure

Question 36

Question
On food packages, "insoluble fiber" refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):
Answer
  • amino acid
  • carbohydrate
  • protein
  • lipid
  • nucleic acid

Question 37

Question
When conducting a scientific experiment, which of the following is tested?
Answer
  • a prediction
  • a result
  • a theory
  • a question
  • an observation

Question 38

Question
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disorder. Affected individuals have a defective enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. The substance these individuals cannot break down is a(n)
Answer
  • protein
  • carbohydrate
  • nucleic acid
  • lipid
  • amino acid

Question 39

Question
Lactose is a combination of:
Answer
  • glucose and ribose
  • sucrose and fructose
  • glucose and galactose
  • glucose and maltose
  • glucose and fructose

Question 40

Question
A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and _________________________, all linked together by covalent bonds.
Answer
  • a triglyceride
  • a polypeptide
  • a phosphorus-containing base
  • a potassium-containing base
  • a nitrogen-containing base

Question 41

Question
DNA is made of:
Answer
  • nucleotides
  • four interconnected carbon rings
  • amino acids
  • glucose molecules
  • fatty acids

Question 42

Question
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
Answer
  • enzymes are permanently changed when they take place in a chemical reaction
  • enzymes are proteins
  • enzymes speed up chemical reaction
  • enzymes often induce shape changes in the molecules to which they bind
  • enzymes help initiate chemical reations

Question 43

Question
One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by?
Answer
  • cytosine, replaced by guanine
  • guanine, replaced by cytosine
  • thymine, replaced by guanine
  • thymine, replaced by uracil
  • adenine, replaced by uracil

Question 44

Question
Enzymes:
Answer
  • catalyze reactions that release energy, but not those that consume energy
  • sometimes increase the amount of energy necessary to initiate a reaction
  • reduce the energy released by a reaction by one of four different mechanisms
  • are always consumed by catalyzing a reaction
  • increase the rate at which a reaction occurs

Question 45

Question
Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?
Answer
  • thymine and cytosine
  • adenine and guanine
  • adenine and cytosine
  • thymine and guanine
  • adenine and thymine

Question 46

Question
Which type of macromolecules is an informational molecule?
Answer
  • DNA
  • fatty acid
  • protein
  • polysaccharide
  • monosaccharide

Question 47

Question
An amino acid is to a polypeptide as:
Answer
  • testosterone is to a steroid hormone
  • a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
  • triglycerides are to fats
  • a phospholipid is to a plasma membrane
  • glycogen is to glucose

Question 48

Question
Scientific study always begins with:
Answer
  • hypotheses
  • experiments
  • conclusions
  • predictions
  • observations

Question 49

Question
In a well-designed experiment:
Answer
  • the prediction will be highly probable if the explanation is true
  • the prediction will be highly improbable if the explanation is not true
  • the null hypothesis will not be tested
  • the prediction will most likely be true
  • a) and b) are both correct
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