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Human Lecture Three: Structuralism and Marxism

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Approaches to Geographic Knowledge (Human Approaches) Quiz on Human Lecture Three: Structuralism and Marxism, created by Monty Leaman on 20/05/2017.
Monty Leaman
Quiz by Monty Leaman, updated more than 1 year ago
Monty Leaman
Created by Monty Leaman over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the defintion of Structure (the other is agency)?
Answer
  • Structuralists. Society as an entity, individuals are merely part of the structure of society. Society determines the thoughts and actions of individuals
  • Humanists. Society is created by individuals, society is nothing more than the sum of all the individual members. The actions of individuals determine society

Question 2

Question
Which approach was empiricist; focusing on empirical observations over theoretical statements?
Answer
  • Spatial science
  • Structuralism

Question 3

Question
What approach ignored structures of various sorts that constrained and shaped human actions over space, which could not see causes beyond surface appearances; not socially responsible?
Answer
  • Spatial Science
  • Structuralism

Question 4

Question
How did Feminist Glossary of Human Geography, 1999, define Structuralism? (The other is not a quote but still a definition of Structuralism)
Answer
  • 'A widely used term in the social sciences and humanities referring to explanations and analyses that focus on the abstract or formal structures that are the invisible logics underpinning social organisation and language'
  • 'Involves moving beneath the visible and conscious designs of human beings to expose enduring and underlying structures. Importantly, these could not be measured but only exposed through a series of purely intellectual operations'

Question 5

Question
What was interested in the underlying structures that determine the operation of different modes of production; which can be theorised by intellectual effort. their existence is neither visible nor measurable, although the effects are empirically evident?
Answer
  • General Structuralism
  • Structural Marxism

Question 6

Question
Who were the two founder of Marxism in the 19thC - interested in 'historical materialism' focusing on the economic structure of society. This person was interested in the history of these changing economic structures, hence historical materialism?
Answer
  • Karl Marx
  • Friedrich Engels

Question 7

Question
Are the following quotes correctly combined with the geographer who said them?
Answer
  • Engels: 'Capital is money, capital is commodities. By virtue of it being value, it had acquired the occult ability to add value to itself'
  • Engels: 'Anyone who knows anything of history knows that great social change is impossible without feminine upheaval- social progress can be measured exactly by the position of the fair sex'
  • Marx: 'From the first day to this, sheer greed was the driving spirit of civilisation'
  • Marx: 'An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory'
  • Yes. They are correctly matched with the geographer
  • No. They are not correctly matched with the geographer

Question 8

Question
Which approach was related to production. Materialist: interested in the economic structure of society, and how these structures work to make society the way it is. Identified four modes of production: Asiatic, Ancient, Feudal and modern Bourgeois. Had internal contradictions eventually causing a new mode of production to be forged. The next mode of production was communism'
Answer
  • Structuralism
  • Marxism

Question 9

Question
Radical geographers saw patterns of inequality in urban areas. Some geographers explained this through Marxist ideas. What were these ideas?
Answer
  • The capitalist system divides society up into classes which were highly unequal in terms of wealth, property and power
  • Most fundamental division was between capital and labour
  • Owners of the means of production made profit, or surplus
  • All of the above

Question 10

Question
The appropriation of surplus value is what type of concept (it cannot be seen but we can measure its effects)?
Answer
  • Regional concept
  • Possibilism concept
  • Structuralist concept

Question 11

Question
Which of the following is an example of the impact Structural Marxism had on geography?
Answer
  • Impacted historical geography: e.g. 'the study of the transition from feudalism to capitalism and the rise of industrial capitalism'
  • Impacted economic geography: studying regional inequality in industrial restructuring
  • Impacted development geography: third world studies
  • Impacted urban geography: the inequalities inherent in contemporary urban life
  • All of the above

Question 12

Question
There was surprisingly little geographical research undertaken in the 1970s with an overtly structuralist framework
Answer
  • True
  • Flase

Question 13

Question
The most extreme structuralist positions were untenable
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
Structuralism was very able to deal with individual human actions
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 15

Question
Structuralism is a post-positivist philosophy
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Structuralists and Humanists agree on the relative significance of structure and agency in human affairs
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 17

Question
Structuralist argue that there are invisible but powerful structures that condition the conduct of everyday life. Which are only measurable by their effects
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Structural Marxism draws on Marx's historical materialism to argue that one of the most powerful structures is the economy
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Structuralism was praised because its most extreme positions were attainable
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 20

Question
Marxist thinking had no lasting impact on geographical thinking
Answer
  • False
  • True
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