Approaches Quiz- Psychology (A2)

Which researcher investigated the psychodynamic approach?

Label the image below of an iceberg with the correct terms for Freud's iceberg analogy

Conscious: the information we [blank_start]are aware of[blank_end] in the present moment Preconscious: thoughts and feelings which we may become aware of during dreams or [blank_start]Freudian slips[blank_end] (e.g. calling teacher 'mum' instead of 'miss') Unconscious: the [blank_start]majority[blank_end] of our mind. It stores all of our [blank_start]instinctive drives[blank_end] that have a significant effect on our behaviour and personality. It also represses [blank_start]traumatic[blank_end] memories (including, according to Freud, those experienced based on the Oedipus and Electra theory of childhood incestuous thoughts)

Freud describes personality as a tripartite, meaning there are 3 parts: 1. The id: this part operates on our [blank_start]pleasure[blank_end] principle and is based on [blank_start]unconscious[blank_end] drives and instincts. It develops at [blank_start]childbirth[blank_end], and is characterised by a need for immediate gratification. 2. The ego: the ego mediates between the id and the superego. It operates on the [blank_start]reality[blank_end] principle and develops at around [blank_start]2 years old[blank_end]. The main way in which it reduces the conflict between the id and the superego is by using [blank_start]defence[blank_end] mechanisms. 3. The superego: this part operates on the [blank_start]morality[blank_end] principle and forms at about [blank_start]5 years old[blank_end]. It is our internalised sense of [blank_start]right and wrong[blank_end], and it punishes the ego for wrongdoing via guilt.

Fill in the blanks of the diagram of Freud's psychosexual stages, including the stage, age, description, and consequences of unresolved conflict

Defence mechanisms for the [blank_start]ego[blank_end] 1. Repression: forcing a [blank_start]traumatic[blank_end] memory out of the conscious mind 2. Denial: Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of [blank_start]reality[blank_end] 3. Displacement: Transferring feelings from the [blank_start]true[blank_end] source of a distressing emotion to [blank_start]a substitute[blank_end] object

Name two advantages of the psychodynamic approach

Name four disadvantages of the psychodynamic approach

The humanistic approach believe in [blank_start]subjectivity[blank_end] and [blank_start]self[blank_end]-determination. In essence, all humans are [blank_start]unique[blank_end], and should be treated as such; trying to fit people into categories is [blank_start]unnatural[blank_end]. This approach is therefore classed as a [blank_start]person[blank_end]-centred approach.

Self-actualisation: the [blank_start]innate[blank_end] desire to grow [blank_start]psychologically[blank_end] and fulfil one's potential. This is classed as a '[blank_start]growth[blank_end] need' on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Label Maslow's hierarchy of needs (see explanation for examples)

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, there are 4 [blank_start]deficiency[blank_end] needs (physiological, safety, belonging/love, esteem). In order to move up the hierarchy, you must [blank_start]satisfy[blank_end] each need. For example, you cannot satisfy the safety need if the physiological need isn't satisfied. There is also a [blank_start]growth[blank_end] need, self-actualisation, which is achieved when [blank_start]all[blank_end] needs are satisfied. People in extreme poverty and privation often can't satisfy their physiological needs, let alone self-actualise. This can lead to [blank_start]restlessness[blank_end] and [blank_start]dissatisfaction[blank_end].

Characteristics of a self-actualised person 1. Good perception of [blank_start]reality[blank_end] 2. Can [blank_start]accept[blank_end] themselves and others as they are 3. [blank_start]Problem[blank_end]-centred, not ego-centred 4. [blank_start]Appreciative[blank_end] of life experiences 5. Have [blank_start]peak[blank_end] experiences 6. Maintain profound [blank_start]relationships[blank_end] 7. [blank_start]Creative[blank_end] 8. [blank_start]Independent[blank_end]

Which researcher investigated humanistic therapy?

Rogers claimed that, in order for a person to self-actualise, their view of themselves must be [blank_start]congruent[blank_end] to their ideal self (the person they want to be). If the gap between the self and the ideal self is too [blank_start]large[blank_end], [blank_start]incongruence[blank_end] occurs, and [blank_start]negative[blank_end] feelings of self-worth ensue. For example, if Person A's ideal self is a mechanic with 2 kids and a happy relationship with their partner while living in the UK, but their current self is unemployed with no kids or relationship and they live in Antarctica, incongruence would occur.

Rogers created [blank_start]client[blank_end]-centred therapy to [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] the gap between the self and the ideal self for clients. He found that many adult experiences, such as low self-esteem, are the result of early childhood experiences and a lack of [blank_start]unconditional[blank_end] love on their parents' part. Because of this, Rogers aimed to provide his clients with unconditional [blank_start]positive[blank_end] regard. This meant the atmosphere of the therapy was warm and [blank_start]non-judgemental[blank_end], and the client is encouraged to discover their own solutions.

Name two advantages of the humanistic approach

Name three disadvantages of the humanistic approach