PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice English Lesson Esle (binary/octet-stream)

Caption: : Passive constructions consist of an appropriate tense of be followed by the past participle of the main verb

COMPARE THE FOLLOWING  SENTENCES: PROMINENT PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCHERS CONDUCTED THIS STYDY THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED BY PROMINENT PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCHERS   THESE SENTENCES CONVEY IDENTICAL MEANING INFORMATION. YET 1) AND 2) DIFFER IN THAT THEY VIEW THE EVENTS IN THE QUESTION FROM DIFFERENT ANGLES: IS ABOUT PROMINENT PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCHERS. IS ABOUT THIS STUDY IN SENTENCE 2)THE  PASSIVE VOICE IS USED.

SPEAKERS / WRITERS TEND TO RESERVE FINAL POSITION FOR NEW INFORMATION.  E.G. THIS BOOK IS DESIGNED TO HELP TEACHERS WHO WANT TO ENCOURAGE GENUINE COMMUNICATION AMONG STUDENTS SOMETIMES SPEAKERS/WRITERS WANT TO LEAVE THE AGENT UNMENTIONED BECAUSE: THE AGENT IS NOT KNOWN THE AGENT'S IDENTITY IS NOT IMPORTANT THE SPEAKER/WRITER WANTS TO HIDE THE AGENT'S IDENTITY E.G. IDIOGRAMS WERE USED TO EXPRESS CERTAIN IDEAS. IN THIS BOOK CROSS REFERENCES ARE SHOWN WITH AN ARROW. IN THE FUTURE SOME STORIES WILL BE PRODUCED AS COMPUTER SOFTWARE, NOT BOOKS.

PASSIVE VOICE

Active Passive Voice (binary/octet-stream)

Caption: : When the agent is mentioned it is introduced by the word by.

The Passive Voice Basic Summary Sheet (binary/octet-stream)

PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

Impersonal Passive     It is said.... The phrase It is said...is an impersonal passive construction. We often use it in news. Passive Sentence1--------- It is said children are afraid of ghosts. Passive sentence 2-------- Children are said to be afraid by ghosts. The correct active sentence would be: Active sentence------------People say that children are afraid of ghosts.

PASSIVE VOICE

More Examples... Active: People believe that he is the hero of the town Passive 1: It is believed that he is the hero of the town Passive 2: He is believed to be the hero of the town   Active: We understand that he dislikes children Passive 1 : It is understood  that he dislikes children Pasive 2:  He is understood to dislike children   Active:  People claim that he left the country two months ago. Passive 1 : It is claimed that he left the country two months ago. Passive 2 : He is claimed to have left the country two months ago.

  Active: They say that he was very rich in the past Passive 1: It is said that he was rich in the past Passive2_ He is said to have been rich in the past-   Active: People think that he has deserted his family. Passive 1: It is thought that he has deserted his family Passive 2: He is thought to have deserted his family.   Active 1: People expect that the range of crime will go down soon. Passive 1:It is expected that the rate of crime will go down soon. Passive 2: The rate of crime is expected to go down soon.