Science test revision

science test revision

core science

Science test revision - Its elementry - Chemical reactions 20-24

  20. Describe the signs & evidence associated with chemical change (change in:                                                                                                        -change in temperature                                                                                                       -gas produced                                                                                                       -odor produced                                                                                                       - precipitate produced                                                                                                       -sound produced                                                                                                       -light produced                                                                                                       - solid disappears                                                                                                       -permanent colour change 21. identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction (refer page in workbook for practice) 22. identify that photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, corrosion are examples of chemical change that occur in everyday life chemical changes are:  a change that produces a new substance involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds difficult or impossible to reverse   photosynthesis ->  Since new chemical species are formed, photosynthesis is clearly a chemical change. respiration -> Since glucose is converted into new products with different composition, respiration is a chemical change. combustion -> When organic molecules combust the reaction products are carbon dioxide and water corrosion ->  converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form 23. write the word equations for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, respiration, and combustion photosynthesis -> energy + carbon dioxide + water = glucose and oxygen respiration -> oxygen + glucose = water and carbon dioxide and energy  combustion -> A combustion reaction always has oxygen as one reactant. The second reactant is always a hydrocarbon, which is a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen. corrosion ->iron + water + oxygen = corrosion 24 assess why society should support scientific research (e.g. developing new pharmaceuticals and polymers)

Science test revision - All mixed up - 1-22

 Kinetic theory of matter 1 Explain the kinetic theory of matter in terms of energy (motion), between particles and forces of attraction between the particles. all matter is made up of particles these particles are always moving  the particles are held together by forces vary in strength  2 use the kinetic theory of matter to explain the properties of each state of matter. solids particles are close together particles are held tightly together particles are not free to move particles only can only vibrate in their fixed positions liquid particles are close together particles are held less tightly than in solids particles roll over one another gas particles are much further apart  particles are not held together  particles are free to move particle collisions with container walls cause gas pressure   3 discuss the benefits and limitations of using models to classify matter. Change of state 4 predict what happens to particles as substances are heated and cooled in terms of the kinetic theory of matter cooling = slowed down particles can cause freezing heating = speeds up particles can cause melting or gas 5 relate the physical changes and energy transfers during evaporation, condensation, boiling, melting, freezing, sublimation in terms of the kinetic theory of matter. evaporation - liquid -> gas boiling - liquid -> gas melting - ice -> solid condensation = water vapor + cold surface freezing = liquid -> solid sublimation - solid -> gas 6 identify the change in the state of water as it is heated or cooled ice - solid - shape cannot be changed easily - cannot be compress  water - liquid - shape can be changed easily - cannot be compressed air -   shape can be changed easily - can be compressed  7 explain that density is a measure how much matter there is in an object, relative to how much space it takes up. matter has a property called density.  density is a measure of how much matter there is in an object (its mass) compared with how much space it takes  (its volume) the density of an object depends on how closely packed the particles are. 8 calculate density using the formula: density=mass/volume Aqueous "a fourth state" 9 list the properties of water: liquid, transparent (clear), odorless and colorless, low viscosity, tasteless, boiling point 100 degrees C, melting point 0 degrees C 10 describe the importance of water as a solvent in daily life, industry and the environment. 11  distinguish between solute, solvent, and solution solute dissolves in a solvent solvent dissolves solute solution = solvent + solute 12 identify an aqueous solution occurs when water is the solvent cordial  13 Identify that water the solvent in an aqueous solution 14 compare soluble and insoluble substances in water insoluble - coin soluble -sugar 15 explain that the process of dissolving the result interactions of molecules and the solute particles particles in solid are held together by forces  forces between water and solid particles pull solid apart - solid dissolves  forces between solid particles are so strong that it cannot be dissolved in water   16 explain the difference between dilute, concentrated, and saturated solutions. dilute - low solute  concentred - high solute  saturated - as much as possible solute 17 distinguish between pure substances and mixtures and identify some common mixtures.  pure substances only contain 1 type of particle mixed contain more than 1 type of particle separating substances in a mixture 18 construct a flowchart to show how matter is classified into pure (elements and compounds)and impure substances (mixtures) 19 identify that a mixture is made up with 2 or more substances with different properties  20 identify soluble and soluble mixtures that are found in everyday life fanta orange juice coca cola lemonade tea 21 describe and compare the following techniques used to separate insoluble mixtures: magnetism, hand sorting, sieving, separating, decanting, centrifuging. magnetism - using a magnet to take a metallic object out of a mixture hand sorting, -  picking things out of a mixture with your hands or tweezers sieving - separates solid particles of different sizes decanting - undissolved solid sits at the bottom while a liquid is poured off centrifuging - placed in a container and spun at high speeds 22 describe and compare the following techniques used to separate soluble mixtures: evaporation, crystallization, chromatography, distillation.  evaporation - liquid turns into gas leaving behind solid crystallization - occurs when saturated solution evaporates slowly and arranges to form crystals chromatography - separating solutions dissolved in solutions distillation - evaporation but vapors are condensed and collected in a separate container 

Science test revision - rock your world - 1-24

structure of the earth 1  describe and label the structure of the earth (ore, mantle, crust, and lithosphere) Rocks and minerals 2  distinguish between minerals and rocks minerals - naturally occurring in the earth's crust, chemical (elements or compounds) structure formed by the geological process.  rocks - 1 or more minerals, physically mixed and cemented or fused together 3 identify the properties that geologists use to distinguish between different types of minerals.  colour, luster, crystal shape & size, streak, hardness, cleavage 4 using tables or classification keys identify some, minerals based on their properties 5 identify that rocks can be divided into 3 main groups, based on how they are formed: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. using tables or classification keys to identify some common minerals based on their properties igneous rocks 6 describe how igneous rocks are formed molten rock or magma underneath the earth's crust 7 distinguish between different types of igneous rocks observable properties (pumice, basalt, granite, scoria, obsidian) pumice - very light, buoyant basalt - heavy, grey, smooth, small grains granite - coarse, large grains, heavy scoria - similar to pumice, heavier, darker in colour obsidian - smooth, high lustre, black sedimentary rocks 8 describe how sediment is deposited to form sedimentary rocks weathering -> sediments get carried-> deposited-> compacted-> sedimentary rocks 9 distinguish between types of sedimentary rock (coal, limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, and shale) coal - black, hard rock, fuel limestone - made of marine skeletons conglomerate - grey, made of different types of rocks sandstone - beige, made of sand shale - compact mud that has gone under lots of pressure 10  discuss how examination of sedimentary layers reveals information about earth history the further the rock layers, the older the earth surface 11 state that the oldest rocks in sedimentary layers are at the base and the youngest at the top fossils 12 identify that a fossil is evidence of a past life 13 describe the conditions under which fossils are formed fossils are formed under heat and pressure metamorphic rocks 14 describe how metaphoric rock is formed from other rock types they are formed through the change of igneous and sedimentary rocks melt and crystallise or squeezed and deformed 15 distinguish between some common examples of metamorphic rocks: slate, quartzite, marble and the parent rock slate-parent rock: shale ->heat and pressure->slate quartzite-contact metamorphosim-molten magma forced into cracks crust marble-limestone->melts->recrystallises->marble erosion and weathering 16 distinguish between erosion and weathering erosion=In earth science, erosion is a processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location weathering=the action of the weather conditions in altering the colour, texture, composition, or form of exposed objects specifically  17 give examples of how human activity causes a change to the earth's surface mining, deforestation, building, global warming, pollution, highways, roads, cities, farming, damns, transportation, etc. 18 identify examples of chemical and physical weathering chemical Chemical Weathering from Water Chemical Weathering from Oxygen Chemical Weathering from Acids Chemical Weathering from Living Organisms physical When water in a river or stream moves quickly, it can lift up rocks from the bottom of that body of water. When the rocks drop back down they bump into other rocks, and tiny pieces of the rocks can break apart. Many rock surfaces have small crevices on them. Water can freeze in these crevices when it is cold, and then melt when the weather is warmer. This repeated freezing and thawing creates ice wedges, which can cause rocks to break. Roots of plants growing into cracks may put pressure on the surrounding rock, eventually breaking rocks apart as the roots grow. 19 identify the agents of weathering and erosion Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature  20 explain how rock weathers and how the process of erosion redistributes sediment Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. rock cycle 21  identify that the rock cycle describes the constant reformation of rocks from one type into another in the lithosphere     land forms 22 research the processes (physical and chemical weathering, erosion and deposition) that form a range of landforms Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Science  in action: mining 23  describe examples of how the understanding of science is used in the exploration, mining, and processing of minerals in Australia coal bauxite,ilmenite, iron ore, rutile and zircon; the second largest producer of gold, lead, lithium, manganese ore and zinc 24 recall how metals are mined and how valuable metal is extracted mines and building production facilities 

Science test revision - Circle of life - 1-7

types of living organisms  1 recall the characteristics of living things  Move - parts of the body moves Reproduce - produces offspring  Sensitive - responds & reacts to the environment around them Gow - gets to adult size Respire - turns food into energy Excrete - gets rid of waste Nutrition - needs food 2 recall that all living things are made up of cells -  a cell is a building block of an organism  3 distinguish between plant and animals cells  organelles shared by both plant and animal: nucleus, cystol, cell membrane organelles only plants have: chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall 4 distinguish between unicellular and multicellular  classification 5 outline reasons why biologists classify living things Biologists classify organisms to make it easier to study, analyze and research them. 6 use and construct dichotomous keys   A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish a dichotomous key is a flowchart to classify living things   7 extract information from different types of classification keys