SOCIAL STUDIES: Chapter 1

Location of the Mi’kmaq, Anishinabe, Ouendat, Haudenosaunee and Beothuk First Nations (what modern-day provinces they lived in originally) Mi'kmaq - New Brunswick Anishinabe - Ontario/Above Great Lakes Ouendat - Quebec/Ontario Haudenauseunee - Below Great Lakes Beothuk - Labrador

First Nations Traditional Values & Spirituality (Booklet: How Does Christianity Compare to FN Spirituality?):  Respect for Creation - Worship the Creator, not the creation. Jesus created all things, He is above and before all things, not in them. Different from us! Value of Other People - We are all one in the Spirit and each has special giftings from God. Use our gifts/talents to benefit others and glorify God. Simular to us! Material Wealth/Possessions - Love of money causes evil; money itself is not evil, but the love of it is. Life is meaningless without Jesus, even if you have everything. Similar to us! Use of the Land - The earth belongs to God. God wants us to take care of our belongings and the natural world. Let the land rest, use it to feed the poor. Simular to us! Leadership - Leaders should be wise. Leaders should fear God and be honest. Leaders have integrity and use their skills. Leaders should be servants. Simular to us! Seven Sacred Teachings of Inspiration - Love God and love others. Be courageous, God is with you. Be honest (don’t lie, steal, deceive others). Be humble, value others above yourself. JESUS IS THE TRUTH (the way, the life). Many similarities BUT Jesus is a BIG DIFFERENCE Traditional Values boxes on p. 13, 17, 23 and Aboriginal Spiritual Beliefs handout if you want more information

Comparison – Christianity vs. First Nations Spirituality SHORT ANSWER:  Know what the Bible says about the First Nations Values & Spirituality (above) – how God’s truth is either similar or different to the FN teachings (Booklet: How Does Christianity Compare to FN Spirituality?) ** you do NOT need to quote bible verses, but you need to know what the Christian worldview is – what God says about the topic in general Similarities:  Belief in God/Creator Ritual or ceremony Belief in spirits/angels] Prayer Song Rites of passage - baptism/communion, naming ceremony, a feast of berries Fasting Alters  Sacred objects/icons Differences: JESUS - trinity, atonement, resurrection, salvation Animism - non-human creatures & inanimate objects have spirits, can be guides Shamanism - Shaman ensures communication between the spirit world and material world, vision quests, healing Pipe  Sweat lodge Dances Drums Sacred order - man least important Everyday integration of spirituality Origin stories  Culture 

Economic & Social Structures of the Mi’kmaq, Anishinabe, and Haudenosaunee (Handout 1-4: Comparing First Nations Societies) :    Economic Structure (Using Resources):  Identify examples of how society used the land. Identify examples of technologies the society used. Mi’kmaq -  Hunting Ponds to farm freshwater fish Sea resources - fishing Forest resources - gathering Toboggans Snowshoes Canoes Medicines Farming fish Hunting weapons/harpoons Evergreen mattresses Cooking vessels Boxes  Anishinabe -  Hunted in the forest (winter) Fishing/gathering (summer) Harvested wild rice Canoes Tools to collect maple syrup Fishnets and harpoons Rice harvesting tools Bows and arrows Haudenosaunee Farming - corn, beans, squash Forest - hunted animals, collected berries, roots, syrup (gathering) Fishing - rivers Cornstalk mattresses Fertilizer - fish heads Baskets Longhouses Bows and arrows   Social Structure (Making Decisions):  Identify examples of how society made decisions. Identify examples of the role of women in decision making. Identify examples of the role of men in decision making. Mi’kmaq -  Group decisions (consensus) Saqamaw - a local leader Council of Elders - chose/advised leaders Grand Council - met once/year to make major decisions Could listen in meetings but did not make decisions All leaders were men, talked and made decisions in meetings Anishinabe -  Consensus Dodems (clans) with different roles Ogimauh - leaders Midewin Society - spiritual leaders and healers, an important role in decisions Participated in decision-making meetings Male leaders - listened to all, made decisions best for group Haudenosaunee -  discussion/agreement (consensus) Grand Council - 50 chiefs made major decisions Hoyaneh - leaders Clan mothers - advised Clan mothers - leaders of clans, raised future leaders, advised (and chose) Hoyaneh Male leaders (Hoyaneh) - made final decisions for the group

Terms to know:  Consensus - A general agreement hen everyone agrees Alliance - An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined to work together Midewin Society - The Midewiwin or the Grand Medicine Society is a secretive religion of some of the indigenous peoples of the Maritimes, New England and Great Lakes regions in North America. Council of Elders - For example, the Six Nations' definition of their Elders includes Faith Keepers, Clan Mothers, Hereditary Chiefs, and Spiritual Leaders. Dodems/clans - Clan has been used to designate social groups whose members trace descent from either male or female ancestors.  Grand Council - An executive council in a high or supreme position especially as an assistant to a governor or chief executive.

I hope you enjoy! Plz, take a look at my other chapter reviews while you're at it.