Immune System Quiz Notes (7th Grade)

Immune System - are organs, tissue, and cells that works together to prevent illnessesThe Immune System includes:• White blood cells• Lymph nodes• Tonsils• Thymus gland – makes T-cells (lymphocytes)• Bone marrow – makes B-cells• Spleen – filters blood and destroys bacteriaDisease - is any change that disrupts the normal functioning of the bodyExamples of Pathogens:• Virus (EX: varicella, herpes)• Bacteria (EX: E. coli, tetanus)• Fungi (EX: athlete’s foot)• Parasites (EX: worms, lice)How the Immune System Works• Human bodies have 3 lines of defense • 1st line - barriers • 2nd line – inflammatory response • 3rd line – immune response1st Line - Barriers• Skin keeps things out • Chemicals like sweat and tears are neutralized pathogens • Mucus & cilia – traps pathogens2nd Line - Inflammatory Response• Macro phage devours germ• Inflammation • Fever3rd Line - Immune Response• Specific immune response (body responds to a specific pathogen/antigen) • Has antigensMacrophage - devour invaders and launch the immune system attackHelper T Cells - coordinate immune system attacks by activating other immune system cellsAntibodies - attaches themselves to the foreign substanceB Cells - tag invaders with antibodies so that other immune system cells will know that they have to destroy themAntigens - are a substance made by pathogens that cause harm and are exposed to identify the invaderKiller T Cells - devour invaders or release toxic chemicals that kill invadersMemory Cells - make immune responses faster when the next time an invader comes aroundTypes of Immunity• Passive immunity – immunity that is temporary, it was transferred from another person(EX: Mother to newborn)• Active immunity – immunity resulting from exposure to a pathogen (EX: vaccinations)HIV - human immunodeficiency virusImmune Response to the HIV• Attacks helper T cells • Results in B and Killer T not coming which also results to the virus uncheckedAIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndromeA Person Has Aids When:• He/she has HIV • Has a CD4 cell count • has any opportunistic illnesses Opportunistic Illnesses- are any illness that a person has because they have no immunity