November 18th-2013

DICTIONWhere do we find good words to "nuance" our writing taking it to the next step?Dictionaries:- Unabridged dictionaries- Abridged dictionaries- Learner's dictionariesSlang- opposite of formal diction- limited scope of interpretation- Eat: scarf, wolf, pound- Vomit: ralph, puke, spewInformal-similar to slang-lacks emotion-Examples: a lot of, be sure and, try and ____ , eveningtime, noontimeFigurative LanguageMetaphor-Implicit comparison-Assumed to be identical---the essay is a mountain to be moved-one shovel full at a timeSimile-explicit comparisonMETAPHOR MISTAKES- Inappropriate---forcing something that doesn't work- Overextended---metaphor takes over the image- Dead---overused and deemed cliche- Mixed---combined metaphors in one descriptionDICTION- Concrete vs. Abstract- Weak generalizations (support your work)- Connotation vs. Denotation- Euphemism- Wrong word(s)- Idiom (expression particular to a certain language)- Wordiness (can it be communicated quicker?)- Repetition- Redundancy (advanced planning)- Triteness, Cliche (prefabricated phrase)- Jargon

COMMUNICATION - THE POWER OF PERSUASION1. Reciprocity- (be the first to give, do it in a personalized manner)2. Scarcity - ((whats unique, what stands to be lost, people want what is rare)3. Authority - (make yourself credible, with referrals etc.)4. Consistency - (start small, voluntary, active, public commitments, get it in writing)5. Liking - (we like people who are similar, who compliment us, and have similar goals)6. Consensus - (people look to actions of others, so point to other similar people to persuade the actions of your audience)TERMS- Dialectic (dialogue seeking a common understanding)- Debate (two opposing views trying to convince the other that they are correct)- Rhetoric (argument put forward by one presenter. an attempt to convince all of supposed truth)"Rhetoric is the art of finding arguments that persuade people something is true or usually true"RHETORICAL DEVICESCommon: Acrostic, Allegory, Analogy, Hyperbole, Metaphor, Oxymoron, Parallelism, Simile, UnderstatementAdvanced: Alliteration (The 5 C's, etc), Anaphora (repetition of same words at beginnings of successive sentences or statements), Apophasis (asserts of emphasizes something by pointedly seeming to pass over, ignore, or deny it), Assonance (the use of familiar vowel sounds containing different consanants), Chiasm (ancient memorization technique: deal with things front to back, then repeat back to front eg: Ideas: A, B. C, C, B, A or A, B, C, B, A), Distinctio (an explicit reference to a particular or various meanings of a word in order to prevent ambiguity), Epistrophe (the opposite of anaphora...the repetition of words comes at the end of phrases instead of the beginning)

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