Bonding

All atoms want to have a full outer shell of electrons. They achieve this by bonding

Bonding simply means the way that atoms join together. There are two ways to achieve a full outer shell of electrons: Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding

An ion is an atom which has lost or gained electrons.

An ionic bond is the electrical force of attraction between positive and negative ions. An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons between 2 atoms

An ionic bond is the electrical force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

A covalent bond consists of a pair of electrons shared between two atoms

Ionic Compounds Usually solids High melting and boiling points Soluble in water Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water Undergo fast reactions 

Covalent Compounds Usually liquids or gases Low melting and boiling points Insoluble in water Do not usually conduct electricity Undergo slow reactions

ValencyThe valency of an element is the number of electrons an atom of that element wants to gain, lose or share in order to achieve a full outer shell

Why Elements React

Ionic Bonding

Covalent Bonding

Properties of Ionic/Covalent Compounds