Fibres

All fabrics are made from tiny hair-like stuctures called fibres.they are either staple (short) fibres filament (long) fibres

3 main groups natural fibres synthetic fibres regenerated fibres

Natural fibres animals. e.g wool, silk, cashmere plants. e.g cotton, linen, jute, hemp

synthetic fibres are man made from oils. e.g arcryllic, aramid, nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Microfibres are exteremly fine synthetic fibres

regenerated fibres are made from a combination of chemicals and wood pulp. e.g viscose, acetate, modal

Yarns are made by spinning and twisting fibres together

The WORSTED spinnnig system creates a smooth yarnThe WOOLLEN spinning system creates a more hairy yarn.

Fibres can be spun in 2 ways S twist (anticlockwise) Z twist (clockwise)

The long lengths of yarns are wound onto spools or cones

the different types of yarn are spun yarns multi-filament yarns monofilament assembled yarns folded yarns piled yarns complex yarns fancy yarns

bulk yarns are heavier and thicker and are used to make hats, scarves and sweaters

Knitted fabrics are made from yarn in a series of interlocking loops

Fibres

Fabrics

Yarns