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Question:

The paper mentions cell death via two routes: apoptosis, and a necrotic core which generates death at the inner surface of the viable rim of the cancer cell. What is the difference between cell death through apoptosis and necrosis and what causes each of these processes to occur, and how do these relate to tumor growth?

Elaboration:

As the paper focuses on the effects of mechanical stress on tumor growth, it is important to understand the balance between cell death and cell division which this involves. Hence, it is vital to understand the difference between cell death caused by apoptosis and cell death which is caused by the formation of a necrotic core, such as is mentioned in pg 3 of the report.

Answer/References:

[1] - Explanation of apoptosis as programmed cell death (Ch10) - explains how a disruption in the balance between cell death and division can lead to disease. Explanation of necrosis as an accidental unprogrammed cell death (Ch 20)

Apoptotic Molecular Advances in Breast Cancer Management, By Pontsho Moela and Lesetja R. Motadi, DOI: 10.5772/61654, 2236-4, Published: December 16, 2015 under CC BY 3.0 license. © The Author(s). Pontsho Moela and Lesetja R. Motadi (2015). Apoptotic Molecular Advances in Breast Cancer Management, Cell Death - Autophagy, Apoptosis and Necrosis, Dr. Tobias Ntuli (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/61654. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/cell-death-autophagy-apoptosis-and-necrosis/apoptotic-molecular-advances-in-breast-cancer-management

Explains how cancers form and how disrupting the balance between cell death and cell division can lead to disease, since cancer growth leads to the interruption of several important processes in the cells, one of which is apoptosis, the programmed death of cells. Also explains what exactly happens in the biochemistry of the body for the cancer cells to prevent the apoptosis occurring.

[2] - Necrosis - types and further definition of necrosis (and a little on apoptosis)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430935/

[3] - How apoptosis is related to cancer

https://www.biooncology.com/pathways/cancer-tumor-targets/bcl-2/evading-apoptosis.html

[4] Cell death can switch between the two. The section 'Switches From Necrosis to Apoptosis After Ischemia/Reperfusion' explains how the 2 processes con conflict and interact with one another. Also it explains how ATP depletion can effect the cells and what processes this starts, and how this can cause necrosis.

http://academicdepartments.musc.edu/ccdir/Malhi.pdf

[5] Explanation of apoptosis and further explanation of the difference between that and necrosis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26873/

[7] Explanation of how apoptosis is different from necrosis in how it doesn't damage surrounding cells. Explains how the cells round up before programmed death to prevent themselves from damaging other cells

Cite this chapter as:

Thangaraj P. (2016) Induction of Apoptosis. In: Pharmacological Assays of Plant-Based Natural Products. Progress in Drug Research, vol 71. Springer, Cham

DOIhttps://doi-org.ezproxy.is.ed.ac.uk/10.1007/978-3-319-26811-8_27
Publisher NameSpringer, Cham
Print ISBN978-3-319-26810-1
Online ISBN978-3-319-26811-8

[8] What is ATP?

https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/atp-318

https://www.humpath.com/spip.php?article8790

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