11465311
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which statement is not correct?
Respuesta
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Smell loss is an early symptom of Parkinson's disease.
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Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease can be distinguished by smell tasting.
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The majority of Parkinson's disease patients with smell loss are functionally anosmic or severely hyposmic
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Olfactory disturbances in Parkinson's disease may have diagnostic utility for the differentiation of Parkinson's disease from other movement disorders.
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Currently, there is no cure for smell loss in Parkinson's disease.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is correct?
Respuesta
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1. Olfactory receptor neurons regenerate
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2. Preferences for most odors are inborn
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3. Olfactory loss is commonly associated with brain lesion after stroke
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4. Olfactory loss is typically permanent
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5. The olfactory bulb volume is constant throughout lifetime
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which answer related to the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in adult humans is correct?
Respuesta
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1. Humans possess a vomeronasal nerve
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2. For humans, the vomeronasal system plays a crucial role in partner selection
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3. Humans possess an accessory olfactory bulb
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4. The vomeronasal system is probably not functioning in humans
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5. Damage to the vomeronasal duct in humans results in 60% loss of olfaction
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Smell disorders are frequently caused by
Respuesta
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Neurodegenerative diseases
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Scull fractures
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Side effects of drugs
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Diabetes mellitus Type I
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Kallmann Syndrome
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Mechanical stimuli excite mechanoreceptors in the skin by exciting what type of membrane receptors?
Respuesta
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Voltage gated calcium channels
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Trp channels
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TTX insensitive sodium channels
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G protein coupled receptors
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Mechanosensitive ion channels
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
One of these statements is WRONG
C-fiber nociceptors never:
Respuesta
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respond to brush stimuli
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make direct synaptic connections only with excitatory interneurons within lamina I and II
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can sometimes also respond to noxious cold
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are often activated by algogenic chemicals
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mediate flare response in the skin when activated
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
1. humans can generally hear sounds with frequencies between 20 Hz und 18 kHz
2. the anatomical structure in which the primary auditory cortex is located is also called Heshl’s gyrus
3. the main speech range in humans lies between 250 Hz und 3000 Hz
4. a temperature adjustment occurs in the middle ear between the air filled outer ear and the liquid filled inner ear
5. a spectral analysis of complex accoustic signals takes place in the cochlea
Respuesta
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just 2 and 4 are correct
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1-5, all are correct
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just 2 is correct
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just 1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct
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just 1 und 3 are correct
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
What is correct?
Respuesta
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1. Olfactory loss can be an early sign of measles.
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2. Olfactory loss can be an early sign of Parkinson’s disease.
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3. Olfactory loss is rarely seen in elderly people.
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4. Olfactory loss is commonly associated with brain lesion after stroke.
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5. Olfactory loss is not associated with Huntington’s disease.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Spontaneous recovery is found in postinfectious olfactory loss at a rate of
Respuesta
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45%
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15%
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30%
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0%
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more than 60%
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What afferent fiber type conveys first pinch sensation?
Respuesta
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Group Ia spindle afferents
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Thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers
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Large myelinated Aβ−fibers
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Sympathetic efferent fibers
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Merkel disk afferent fibers
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Smell disorders are frequently caused by ...
Respuesta
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Neurodegenerative diseases
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Scull fractures
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Side effects of drugs
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Diabetes mellitus Type I
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Kallmann Syndrome
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which statements are correct?
A) the starting point of the travelling wave in the cochlea is important for the place-pitch coding
B) loudness is coded by spike rate in the auditory nerve
C) frequency tuning curves are similar for all auditory neurons
D) the primary auditory cortex is tonotopically organised
E) the hearing threshold in humans is similar at all frequencies
Respuesta
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just A and C are correct
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just B and D are correct
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just B is correct
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A-E, all are correct
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just A, B, C and E are correct
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which statements are correct?
(several answers are correct)
Respuesta
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the starting point of the travelling wave in the cochlea is important for the place-pitch coding
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loudness is coded by spike rate in the auditory nerve
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frequency tuning curves are similar for all auditory neurons
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the primary auditory cortex is tonotopically organised
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the hearing threshold in humans is similar at all frequencies
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The most frequent causes of olfactory loss in adults are…
Respuesta
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drug abuse
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neurodegenerative diseases
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environmental pollution
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sinunasal diseases
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head trauma
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