11844503
Descripción
Test por Plymouth Med, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Plymouth Med
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which is not part of the spermatic cord's contents?
Respuesta
-
Cremasteric Artery
-
Ductus Deferens
-
Artery of the Ductus Deferens
-
Pampiniform Plexus
-
Lymphatic Vessels
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Genitofemoral Nerve (Genital Branch)
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Testicular Artery
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Parasympathetic Nerve fibers
-
Sympathetic nerve fibers
-
Cremasteric Muscle
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What is true regarding descent of the gonads?
Respuesta
-
Originally from level T10
-
Pulled down by ligamentous cord gubernaculum
-
Bring along blood supply, nerves, and lymphatics
-
In women Gubernaculum becomes the round ligament of the uterus
-
In women gubernaculum becomes ligament of ovary proper
-
In men, the gubernaculum disintegrates
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In men, part of the gubernaculum becomes the scrotal ligament that "anchors" the scrotum in place outside the body
-
Originally from Level L4
-
Descent happens early--middle pregnancy
-
Descent happens in late pregnancy/early birth
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What is of clinical importance of varicocele?
Respuesta
-
sometime chronic pain
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acute pain
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"Bag of worms" appearance
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testicular blood supply is blocked
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testicular veins widen due to dysfunctioning
-
can affect fertility/potency
-
irreversible damage
-
may have swelling
-
extreme pain
-
usually unpainful
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is the clinical importance of hydrocele?
Respuesta
-
"transilluminate" test
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painful swelling
-
painless swelling
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excess fluid accumulate around testis
-
fluid escapes tunica albuginea
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fluid escapes tunica vaginalis
-
can affect fertility/potency
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which are layers of the scrotum
Respuesta
-
Skin
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Dartos Fascia
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External Spermatic Fascia
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Cremaster fascia
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Dartos Muscle
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Internal Spermatic Fascia
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Tunica Albuginea
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Tunica Vaginalis
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Corpus Cavernosum
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Ischiocavernous muscle
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What does the Cloaca give rise to?
Respuesta
-
Genital tubercle
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Urethral folds
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Anal Fold
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Genital Swelling
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External Genitalia
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Uterus
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Bladder
-
Prostate
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What are the symptoms characteristic of Hypospadias?
Respuesta
-
multiple urethral openings on ventral side
-
multiple urethral openings on dorsal side
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abnormal urination
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apyrexial
-
high fevers
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normal vital signs
-
highly visible swelling
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
What is sensitivity?
Respuesta
-
How likely to give true positives
-
How likely not to give false negatives
-
How likely not to give false positives
-
How likely to give false negatives
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the probability of correctly identifying a non-diseased person?
Respuesta
-
Sensitivity
-
Specifity
-
Likelihood
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Positive predictive values tell us how likely we are to get the disease
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Negative predictive value is how likely patient does not have the condition
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What are the defining characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? (POS)
Respuesta
-
Hyperandrogenism (high testosterone) and anovulation
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Dysmennorea
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Painful abdomen
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Increased surge of estrogens
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Diagnosis requirements of PCOS?
Respuesta
-
oligo-ovulation or anovulation
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12< cysts on ovaries
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symptoms like hirsutism, alopecia, and acne
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20< cysts on ovaries
-
polyovulation
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dyspareunia
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
PCOS can lead to ______________.
Respuesta
-
Hyperprolactemia
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Cushing's Syndrome
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Thyroid Disorder (Hypothyroidism)
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Androgen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors
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Addison's Disease
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Diabetes II
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Heart Disease
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What is endometriosis?
Respuesta
-
growth of endometrial tissue elsewhere than the uterine cavity
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inflammation of the endometrium
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excessive proliferation of the endometrium
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Tumor of the endometrium
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Important clinical factors of endometriosis?
Respuesta
-
cyclic or chronic pelvic pain
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infertility
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dysmennorea
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dyspareunia
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menorrhagia
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discolored discharge
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endometrial tissue most commonly in pouch Douglas, pelvic cavity, uterosacral ligaments, and bladder
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endometrial tissue most commonly in vagina, cervix, and rectum
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diagnosis using ultrasound (see lesions, cysts, and peritoneal deposits)
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diagnosis using laporoscopy (see lesions, cysts, and peritoneal deposits)
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Management of endometritis?
Respuesta
-
asymptomatic: only analgesia if needed
-
goal: promotion of ovulation pills promoting LH
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goal: suppression of ovarian function Combined pill or GnRH agonists
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Give pills to manage stress
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Surgical removal of endometrial lining of the womb (Laparoscopic endometrial ablation)
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Surgical alteration of endometrial womb thickness (laparoscopic endometrial retroversion)
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Only can give analgesics because cannot cure
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
If post-menopausal bleeding at least 1 year after last period, endometrial carcinoma until proven otherwise.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Beta HCG isn't reliable for vaginal bleeds to rule out pregnancy/ectopic pregnancyy
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What is PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)
Respuesta
-
any infection of the womb
-
autoimmune disease of the pelvic bones
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any infection of the womb and fallopian tubes
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What most commonly causes PID (3 answers)?
Respuesta
-
STI ex: chlamydia
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Post parturition
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contraceptive device insertion ex: coil
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sexual activity
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hereditary; autosommal recessive
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Most noteworthy symptoms of PID?
Respuesta
-
pelvic pain/lower abdominal pain
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fever
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dyspareunia
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vaginal discharge
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post-sex vaginal bleeding
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vomiting
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red appearance of tummy and hips
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inability to walk at all
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which test is NOT done when investigating PID?
Respuesta
-
blood test
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urine test
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swabs and culture
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pregnancy test
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ultrasound
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X-ray fluroscopy
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Management of PID?
Respuesta
-
2 different types of Antibiotics broad-spectrum (IV if high fever or peritonitis)
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Avoid intercourse until full healing
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Remove IUD/ inserted contraceptive devices if severe
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Refer to GUM clinic if STD
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Specific antibiotics if cause known
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Surgical alteration
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Radiation/ chemotherapy
-
Phototherapy
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Because PID can cause scarring of fallopian tubes and uterus, it can lead to...
Respuesta
-
reoccurent PID
-
ectopic pregnancies (higher risk)
-
decreased fertility
-
peritonitis
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hypoxia of uterine tissue
-
widespread septicemia
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What hormone(s) increases after menopause?
Respuesta
-
LH
-
FSH
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LH and FSH
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LH and estrogen
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estrogen
-
estrogen and FSH
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is 2nd trimester?
Respuesta
-
wk 0-12
-
wk 13-24
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25-36/38
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wk-30-38
-
wk 20-40
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What pills can induce abortion?
Respuesta
-
Mifepristone and Misoprotol
-
Mifepristone
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Misoprostol
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Misonefer
-
Misonefer and Mysterin
-
Metaformin
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A skeletal muscle can be innervated by nerves from more than one single spinal cord level
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
[blank_start]Proprioception[blank_end] is how the body knows the relative position of our muscles. Specifically, the [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end] and [blank_start]cerebral[blank_end] [blank_start]cortex[blank_end] This is how we know what our feet are doing or where they are even if they're not visible.
Respuesta
-
Proprioception
-
cerebellum
-
cerebral
-
cortex
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What are examples of proprioception?
Respuesta
-
golgi tendon bodies
-
muscle spindles
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joints sensors
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skin sensors
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myotomes
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dermatomes
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deep tendon reflex
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
[blank_start]Golgi[blank_end] [blank_start]tendon[blank_end] [blank_start]bodies[blank_end] force you to relax to prevent muscle overexertion. They also help with [blank_start]fine[blank_end] movement.
Respuesta
-
Golgi
-
tendon
-
bodies
-
fine
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
During low intensity exercise, most of our energy comes from [blank_start]fatty[blank_end] [blank_start]acids[blank_end]. Once exercise hits [blank_start]70[blank_end]% max intensity, most our energy comes from [blank_start]carbohydrates[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
fatty
-
acids
-
70
-
carbohydrates
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