Pregunta 1
Pregunta
How much Vitamin D should you take during pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
10 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
-
400 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
-
100 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
-
10 mg every day during 1st trimester
-
100 mg every day during 1st trimester
-
400mg every day during 1st trimester
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Why is Folic Acid important?
Respuesta
-
Significantly reduces chances of neural tube birth defects
-
improves brain functionality and development of fetus
-
Helps maintain pregnancy
-
Reduces chances of polydactyl
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
How much folic acid during pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
400mg everyday 1st trimester (wk 0-12)
-
400mg everyday throughout pregnancy
-
40mg everyday 1st trimester (wk 0-12)
-
40mg everyday throughout pregnancy
-
400 mg everyday for the first few weeks of each trimester
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which are characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus?
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What does the ductus venosus shunt allow?
Respuesta
-
blood from the fetus' heart to bipass the liver
-
blood from the placenta to bypass the liver
-
blood from the fetus' heart to bypass the lungs
-
blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What are the fetal heart shunts?
Respuesta
-
ductus arteriosus
-
ductus venous
-
foramen ovale
-
ductus deferens
-
ductus foramen
-
ductus thramensus
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What regarding fetal circulation is true?
Respuesta
-
vasoconstriction in pulmonary circulation
-
most important organ needing oxygenated blood supply: heart
-
most important organ needing oxygenated blood supply: brain
-
Blood "recieved" by heart in right atrium
-
Higher pressure in left atrium than right atrium
-
oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood kept strictly separate
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
How does right atrial deoxygenated blood streaming occur?
Respuesta
-
Superior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
-
Inferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
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Superior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> upper body
-
Inferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus--> Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)-->descending aorta--> upper body
-
Superior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Venosus--> Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)-->descending aorta--> lower body
-
Inferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Venosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
How does streaming of oxygenated blood occur?
Respuesta
-
Inferior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->left atrium-->left ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
-
Superior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->left atrium-->left ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
-
Inferior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->right atrium-->right ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
-
Superior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->right atrium-->right ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Whats the purpose of Foramen Ovale
Respuesta
-
allows flow of blood between right and left atriums because right atrium has more pressure than left atrium
-
allows flow of blood between right and left atriums because left atrium has more pressure than right atrium
-
allows blood to bypass the liver
-
allows blood to bypass the lungs
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is NOT correct regarding ductus arteriosus?
Respuesta
-
allows blood from the pulmonary artery to descending artery
-
allows blood from the pulmonary artery to ascending artery
-
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) controls the patency of ductus arteriosus
-
allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Infants with Down's syndrome should be checked for hearing, ECG for congenital heart disease, and eye abilities before 6 months of age
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What leads to lungs activation?
Respuesta
-
First breath--> oxygen pressure rises--> pulmonary vasodilation
-
placenta circulation cut off--> left heart pressure increases
-
right heart pressure decreases
-
foramen ovale closes
-
ductus arteriosus closes immediately upon first breath
-
further decrease in left heart pressure
-
surfactant proteins and enzymes actiavte upon increased oxygen pressure
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Foramen Ovale becomes what post-parturition?
Respuesta
-
Fossa Ovale
-
Foramen Ovalum
-
Foramen Ovale
-
Foramen Fossa
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Ductus Arteriosus becomes Ligamentum Venosum
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Ductus Venosus becomes Ligamentum Venosum
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What to remember regarding patent ductus arteriosus?
Respuesta
-
common with pre-term infants
-
common with maternal Rubella infection
-
problems with PGE2 receptors can lead to patent ductus arteriosus
-
low oxygen can lead to patent ductus arteriosus
-
common with "late" babies
-
common in multiple births
-
may have apnea or tachypnea
-
ECG is how to diagnose
-
Ultrasound is how to diagnose
-
NSAIDS (Indomethicin) can induce closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Malfunction in lungs' surfactant production can lead to baby struggling to breathe and problems in oxygen saturation
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is inadequate production of surfactant in the baby's lungs known as?
Respuesta
-
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)
-
Surfactant Deficiency Syndrome (SID)
-
Hypopneumocytomia
-
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-
Infant Lung Collapse
-
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What is part of the presentation of Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Respuesta
-
commonly pre-term delivery
-
presents quickly after birth
-
can rapidly progress to hypoxia, fatugue or apnea
-
detectable in the womb
-
wheezing noises
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
How may you prevent infant respiratory distress syndrome?
Respuesta
-
Antenatal corticosteroids
EX: Dexamethasone
-
Delaying Labor
EX: Atosiban
-
Inducing Labor
Ex: Oxytocin drips
-
NSAIDS
Ex: Indomethacin
-
Placing mother on ventilator during labor
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Not all ectopic pregnancies must be surgically/immediately removed as not all are dangerous
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is an Ectpic pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
when the egg implants elsewhere than in the uterus
-
when benign tumor in uterus tricks body into thinking its a pregnancy
-
when 8 ovums are simultaneously implanted
-
A pregnancy in pre-menopause
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which is not a prominent risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Methotrexate can terminate ectopic pregnancies
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
How does ectopic pregnancy present
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks?
Respuesta
-
Miscarriage
-
Abortion
-
pre-parturition death
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What type of miscarriage?
Cervical os (exocervix): closed
Bleeding: mild
Pain: mild
Respuesta
-
threatened miscarriage
-
inevitable miscarriage
-
missed miscarriage
-
complete miscarriage
-
incomplete miscarriage
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What type miscarriage?
Bleeding: heavy, clotting
Pain: Intense
Cervical Os: Open
Respuesta
-
Inevitable Miscarriage
-
Threatned Miscarriage
-
Incomplete Miscarriage
-
Complete Miscarriage
-
Missed Miscarriage
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is characteristic of a missed miscarriage?
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
WIth close monitoring of the mother, a threatned abortion means that a miscarriage might not happen
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
As soon as she learns that it is an inevitable miscarriage, mother will undergo an abortion pronto
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
As there is still some leftover tissue in incomplete miscarriages, surgical removal necessary
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is the maternal portion of the placenta known as?
Respuesta
-
decidua basalis
-
chorion
-
duodenum
-
amnion
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What does the placenta metabolize?
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What does the placenta transport?
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What hormones does the placenta produce?
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
"Antepartum haemorrhage is defined as any [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end] bleeding from the [blank_start]24th[blank_end] week of gestation until [blank_start]delivery[blank_end]"
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Placenta abruption is the [blank_start]premature[blank_end] separation of a normally placed placenta [blank_start]before delivery[blank_end] of the fetus, with [blank_start]blood[blank_end] collecting between the placenta and the [blank_start]uterus[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
premature
-
partial
-
late
-
before delivery
-
during development
-
after birth
-
blood
-
lymph
-
amniotic fluid
-
uterus
-
bladder
-
yolk sac
-
amniotic sac
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
[blank_start]Placenta previa[blank_end] exists when the placenta is inserted wholly or in part [blank_start]into the lower segment of the uterus[blank_end].
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What's important regarding placenta previa?
Respuesta
-
Painless bright red bleeding
-
Bleeding visible during third trimester usually
-
should NOT do manual pelvic examination
-
should NOT do ultrasound
-
C-section unless very minor placenta previa
-
painful vaginal bleeding
-
abdominal pain
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
How might uterine atony present as?
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Postpartum Hemmorhage is excessive bleeding post delivery. [blank_start]Primary[blank_end] Postpartum Hemmorhage is 500<ml within [blank_start]24 hours[blank_end] after birth. [blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] is [blank_start]post-24 hours[blank_end] to [blank_start]six weeks[blank_end] post-partum. It can be caused by [blank_start]infection[blank_end], [blank_start]endometritis[blank_end], and [blank_start]retained products of conception.[blank_end]
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
What fetal positions are normal?
Respuesta
-
longitudinal
-
cephalic
-
breech
-
oblique
-
transverse
-
occiput-anterior
-
occiput-posterior
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Uterine atony can be treated with [blank_start]oxytocin infusion[blank_end]. It is one of the most common causes of primary post-partum hemorrhage. The other is [blank_start]retained placenta.[blank_end] General causes of uterine atony are "pathology of the four T's:" [blank_start]tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin[blank_end]. Uterine atony can lead to hemorrhage because uterine contractions help with [blank_start]coagulability[blank_end] so lack can lead to extensive bleeding.
Respuesta
-
retained placenta.
-
retracted placenta
-
placenta previa
-
oxytocin infusion
-
atosiban
-
synacthen
-
tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin
-
temperature, tiredness, tone, trauma
-
coagulability
-
anti-coagulability
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Descent of the baby is measured in comparison to...?
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What is considered an abnormal APGAR score?
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is FALSE regarding the APGAR test
Respuesta
-
first test given to newborns to assess condition of baby
-
c-section can give a low score
-
fluid in the airways can give a low score
-
difficulties during labor can give low score
-
hand and feet of baby commonly cold/blue-- professional's judgement needed
-
vaccination given to newborns to boost condition post birth
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Aneuploidy more common in maternal meoisis II
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What are the most common aneuploidies
Respuesta
-
chromosome 18
-
chromosome 21
-
chromosome 13
-
chromosome 15
-
chromosome 11
-
chromosome 9
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Characteristics of Down's Syndrome
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Most babies born with Edward's are able to live adequately long.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Patua's is basically incompatible with life: most die either miscarriage, stillborn, or in less than a week.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Clinical key factors of Turner's Syndrome
Respuesta
-
Short stature
-
Infertility and ammenorhea
-
Webbed neck
-
Underdeveloped breasts, usually lean
-
Abnormal IQ
-
Increased risk for chronic conditions
-
Genotype: X0
-
Genotype: XXX
-
Tachycardia
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Which is not characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What is pre-eclampsia?
Respuesta
-
Pregnancy induced hypertentsion and proteinurea after 20 weeks
-
Pregnancy induced hypertentsion after 20 weeks
-
Pregnancy induced proteinurea after 20 weeks
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
How might pre-eclampsia present?
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What's true regarding treatment of pre-eclampsia?
Respuesta
-
regardless of severity, admit into hospital
-
moderate-severe: oral labetalol if blood pressure <150/100
-
very close BP monitoring (check at least 4 times a day)
-
repeated tests of proteinurea
-
Blood tests 2-3 times weekly
-
Blood Thinners
(Warfarin)
-
NSAIDS, pain killers
-
severe cases: magnesium sulphate intravenously
-
severe cases: antihypertensives-- labetabol, nifedipine
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
You can "cure" pre-eclampsia
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Should aim to deliver baby early in case of pre-eclampsia
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Why can pre-eclampsia be a matter of concern? (choose BEST answer)
Respuesta
-
mandatory precursor to eclampsia which endangers both mother and child as it can include seizures and blackouts due to poor blood perfusion
-
can directly lead to heart failure and dysfunctionality
-
can compromise development of the fetus
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Placenta Abruption presents as vaginal bleeding and [blank_start]abdominal[blank_end] pain. Uterine contractions, [blank_start]shock[blank_end], and [blank_start]fetal[blank_end] distress are also signs. In this case, management would be [blank_start]ABCD[blank_end]. Ensuring fetus was okay, [blank_start]c-section[blank_end] delivery. If fetal dead, [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end] delivery.
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
What regarding the A in APGAR is correct?
Respuesta
-
complete activity= 0 points
-
total lack of action = 2 points
-
total lack of action = 0 points
-
complete activity= 2 points
-
complete activity= 1 point
-
flexed arm/leg = 1 point
-
flexed arm/leg = 2 point
-
flexed arm/leg = 0 point
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
What gives you 2 points on the APGAR
Respuesta
-
Pulse over = over 100 beats per min
-
Pulse over = over 80 beats per min
-
Grimace= immediate response
-
Grip= strong grip
-
Appearance= pink
-
Appearance= pink but extremities may be blue
-
Respiration= immense crying
-
Respiration= 15< breaths per minute
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which is how proteinuria determined?
Respuesta
-
protein:creatine ratio 30mg/mmol<
-
protein:creatine ration 30mg/mmol>
-
protein:serum ratio 50mg/mmol<
-
protein:serum ration 50mg/mmol>
-
protein:creatine ration 50mg/mmol>
-
protein:creatine ration 50mg/mmol<