11844895
Descripción
Test por Plymouth Med, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Plymouth Med
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
How much Vitamin D should you take during pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
10 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
-
400 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
-
100 mg every day throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding
-
10 mg every day during 1st trimester
-
100 mg every day during 1st trimester
-
400mg every day during 1st trimester
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Why is Folic Acid important?
Respuesta
-
Significantly reduces chances of neural tube birth defects
-
improves brain functionality and development of fetus
-
Helps maintain pregnancy
-
Reduces chances of polydactyl
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
How much folic acid during pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
400mg everyday 1st trimester (wk 0-12)
-
400mg everyday throughout pregnancy
-
40mg everyday 1st trimester (wk 0-12)
-
40mg everyday throughout pregnancy
-
400 mg everyday for the first few weeks of each trimester
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which are characteristic of patent ductus arteriosus?
Respuesta
-
Systolic murmur loudest in upper left sternal border
-
respiratory distress
-
reduced oxygen saturation
-
high fever
-
extensive crying
-
sternal swelling
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What does the ductus venosus shunt allow?
Respuesta
-
blood from the fetus' heart to bipass the liver
-
blood from the placenta to bypass the liver
-
blood from the fetus' heart to bypass the lungs
-
blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What are the fetal heart shunts?
Respuesta
-
ductus arteriosus
-
ductus venous
-
foramen ovale
-
ductus deferens
-
ductus foramen
-
ductus thramensus
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What regarding fetal circulation is true?
Respuesta
-
vasoconstriction in pulmonary circulation
-
most important organ needing oxygenated blood supply: heart
-
most important organ needing oxygenated blood supply: brain
-
Blood "recieved" by heart in right atrium
-
Higher pressure in left atrium than right atrium
-
oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood kept strictly separate
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
How does right atrial deoxygenated blood streaming occur?
Respuesta
-
Superior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
-
Inferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
-
Superior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> upper body
-
Inferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Arteriosus--> Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)-->descending aorta--> upper body
-
Superior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Venosus--> Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)-->descending aorta--> lower body
-
Inferior Vena Cava--> Right Atrium--> Right ventricle-->Ductus Venosus-->Mixing of blood (partially oxygenated)--> descending aorta--> lower body
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
How does streaming of oxygenated blood occur?
Respuesta
-
Inferior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->left atrium-->left ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
-
Superior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->left atrium-->left ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
-
Inferior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->right atrium-->right ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
-
Superior Vena Cava-->Foramen Ovale-->right atrium-->right ventricle--> ascending aorta-->brain
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Whats the purpose of Foramen Ovale
Respuesta
-
allows flow of blood between right and left atriums because right atrium has more pressure than left atrium
-
allows flow of blood between right and left atriums because left atrium has more pressure than right atrium
-
allows blood to bypass the liver
-
allows blood to bypass the lungs
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is NOT correct regarding ductus arteriosus?
Respuesta
-
allows blood from the pulmonary artery to descending artery
-
allows blood from the pulmonary artery to ascending artery
-
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) controls the patency of ductus arteriosus
-
allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Infants with Down's syndrome should be checked for hearing, ECG for congenital heart disease, and eye abilities before 6 months of age
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What leads to lungs activation?
Respuesta
-
First breath--> oxygen pressure rises--> pulmonary vasodilation
-
placenta circulation cut off--> left heart pressure increases
-
right heart pressure decreases
-
foramen ovale closes
-
ductus arteriosus closes immediately upon first breath
-
further decrease in left heart pressure
-
surfactant proteins and enzymes actiavte upon increased oxygen pressure
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Foramen Ovale becomes what post-parturition?
Respuesta
-
Fossa Ovale
-
Foramen Ovalum
-
Foramen Ovale
-
Foramen Fossa
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Ductus Arteriosus becomes Ligamentum Venosum
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Ductus Venosus becomes Ligamentum Venosum
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What to remember regarding patent ductus arteriosus?
Respuesta
-
common with pre-term infants
-
common with maternal Rubella infection
-
problems with PGE2 receptors can lead to patent ductus arteriosus
-
low oxygen can lead to patent ductus arteriosus
-
common with "late" babies
-
common in multiple births
-
may have apnea or tachypnea
-
ECG is how to diagnose
-
Ultrasound is how to diagnose
-
NSAIDS (Indomethicin) can induce closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Malfunction in lungs' surfactant production can lead to baby struggling to breathe and problems in oxygen saturation
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is inadequate production of surfactant in the baby's lungs known as?
Respuesta
-
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)
-
Surfactant Deficiency Syndrome (SID)
-
Hypopneumocytomia
-
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
-
Infant Lung Collapse
-
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What is part of the presentation of Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Respuesta
-
commonly pre-term delivery
-
presents quickly after birth
-
can rapidly progress to hypoxia, fatugue or apnea
-
detectable in the womb
-
wheezing noises
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
How may you prevent infant respiratory distress syndrome?
Respuesta
-
Antenatal corticosteroids EX: Dexamethasone
-
Delaying Labor EX: Atosiban
-
Inducing Labor Ex: Oxytocin drips
-
NSAIDS Ex: Indomethacin
-
Placing mother on ventilator during labor
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Not all ectopic pregnancies must be surgically/immediately removed as not all are dangerous
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is an Ectpic pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
when the egg implants elsewhere than in the uterus
-
when benign tumor in uterus tricks body into thinking its a pregnancy
-
when 8 ovums are simultaneously implanted
-
A pregnancy in pre-menopause
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which is not a prominent risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
fertility treatment
-
smokers
-
older age (more than 30)
-
previous spontaneous miscarriages
-
the combined pill
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Methotrexate can terminate ectopic pregnancies
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
How does ectopic pregnancy present
Respuesta
-
amenorrhea
-
abdominal pain
-
vaginal bleeding
-
breast tenderness
-
palpable mass
-
dysmenorrhea
-
fluctuating temperature
-
abdominal edema
-
pain and swelling in extremities ex: ankles
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks?
Respuesta
-
Miscarriage
-
Abortion
-
pre-parturition death
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What type of miscarriage?
Cervical os (exocervix): closed
Bleeding: mild
Pain: mild
Respuesta
-
threatened miscarriage
-
inevitable miscarriage
-
missed miscarriage
-
complete miscarriage
-
incomplete miscarriage
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What type miscarriage?
Bleeding: heavy, clotting
Pain: Intense
Cervical Os: Open
Respuesta
-
Inevitable Miscarriage
-
Threatned Miscarriage
-
Incomplete Miscarriage
-
Complete Miscarriage
-
Missed Miscarriage
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is characteristic of a missed miscarriage?
Respuesta
-
Dead fetus within womb
-
Closed cervical os
-
None-mild bleeding
-
None-mild pain
-
Open cervical os
-
Heavy bleeding
-
Heavy-medium pain
-
Fetus expelled/disintegrated early on
-
Remains are removed surgically
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
WIth close monitoring of the mother, a threatned abortion means that a miscarriage might not happen
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
As soon as she learns that it is an inevitable miscarriage, mother will undergo an abortion pronto
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
As there is still some leftover tissue in incomplete miscarriages, surgical removal necessary
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is the maternal portion of the placenta known as?
Respuesta
-
decidua basalis
-
chorion
-
duodenum
-
amnion
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What does the placenta metabolize?
Respuesta
-
glycogen
-
fatty acids
-
cholestrol
-
glyucose
-
maternal hemoglobin (convert into fetal hemoglobin)
-
proteins
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What does the placenta transport?
Respuesta
-
IgGs
-
Urea and uric acid
-
Iron
-
Oxygen
-
Carbon Dioxide
-
Glucose
-
Amino Acids
-
some drugs/metabolites Ex: nicotine, alocohol
-
IgEs
-
Sodium
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What hormones does the placenta produce?
Respuesta
-
HCG
-
HPL
-
estrogens
-
Corticotropin releasing hormone
-
Prolactin
-
Progesterone
-
Dopamine
-
Oxytocin
-
GnRH
-
FSH
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
"Antepartum haemorrhage is defined as any [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end] bleeding from the [blank_start]24th[blank_end] week of gestation until [blank_start]delivery[blank_end]"
Respuesta
-
24
-
delivery
-
vaginal
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Placenta abruption is the [blank_start]premature[blank_end] separation of a normally placed placenta [blank_start]before delivery[blank_end] of the fetus, with [blank_start]blood[blank_end] collecting between the placenta and the [blank_start]uterus[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
premature
-
partial
-
late
-
before delivery
-
during development
-
after birth
-
blood
-
lymph
-
amniotic fluid
-
uterus
-
bladder
-
yolk sac
-
amniotic sac
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
[blank_start]Placenta previa[blank_end] exists when the placenta is inserted wholly or in part [blank_start]into the lower segment of the uterus[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Placenta previa
-
Placenta abruption
-
Pre-eclampsia
-
covering the endocervix
-
over the uterus upper part
-
suffocating the baby
-
entwines with the umbilical cord
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What's important regarding placenta previa?
Respuesta
-
Painless bright red bleeding
-
Bleeding visible during third trimester usually
-
should NOT do manual pelvic examination
-
should NOT do ultrasound
-
C-section unless very minor placenta previa
-
painful vaginal bleeding
-
abdominal pain
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
How might uterine atony present as?
Respuesta
-
afebrile
-
large boggy/soggy uterus
-
mild distress
-
vaginal bleeding and clotting
-
tight rigid/stiffened uterus
-
abdominal edema
-
abdominal pain
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Postpartum Hemmorhage is excessive bleeding post delivery. [blank_start]Primary[blank_end] Postpartum Hemmorhage is 500<ml within [blank_start]24 hours[blank_end] after birth. [blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] is [blank_start]post-24 hours[blank_end] to [blank_start]six weeks[blank_end] post-partum. It can be caused by [blank_start]infection[blank_end], [blank_start]endometritis[blank_end], and [blank_start]retained products of conception.[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Tertiary
-
Secondary
-
24 hours
-
48 hours
-
2 weeks
-
Secondary
-
Primary
-
Tertiary
-
post-24 hours
-
post-48 hours
-
post 2 weeks
-
six weeks
-
1 year
-
2 weeks
-
infection
-
cold/fever
-
early labor
-
endometritis
-
peritonitis
-
apendicitis
-
retained products of conception.
-
miscarriage
-
stress
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
What fetal positions are normal?
Respuesta
-
longitudinal
-
cephalic
-
breech
-
oblique
-
transverse
-
occiput-anterior
-
occiput-posterior
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Uterine atony can be treated with [blank_start]oxytocin infusion[blank_end]. It is one of the most common causes of primary post-partum hemorrhage. The other is [blank_start]retained placenta.[blank_end] General causes of uterine atony are "pathology of the four T's:" [blank_start]tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin[blank_end]. Uterine atony can lead to hemorrhage because uterine contractions help with [blank_start]coagulability[blank_end] so lack can lead to extensive bleeding.
Respuesta
-
retained placenta.
-
retracted placenta
-
placenta previa
-
oxytocin infusion
-
atosiban
-
synacthen
-
tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin
-
temperature, tiredness, tone, trauma
-
coagulability
-
anti-coagulability
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Descent of the baby is measured in comparison to...?
Respuesta
-
ischial spines
-
sacrum
-
illiac crests
-
coccyx
-
anterior superior illiac spines
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What is considered an abnormal APGAR score?
Respuesta
-
7-9
-
<7
-
10
-
<5
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is FALSE regarding the APGAR test
Respuesta
-
first test given to newborns to assess condition of baby
-
c-section can give a low score
-
fluid in the airways can give a low score
-
difficulties during labor can give low score
-
hand and feet of baby commonly cold/blue-- professional's judgement needed
-
vaccination given to newborns to boost condition post birth
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Aneuploidy more common in maternal meoisis II
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What are the most common aneuploidies
Respuesta
-
chromosome 18
-
chromosome 21
-
chromosome 13
-
chromosome 15
-
chromosome 11
-
chromosome 9
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Characteristics of Down's Syndrome
Respuesta
-
some degree of learning difficulty
-
single palmar crease
-
brachycephaly
-
protruding tongue
-
congenital heart defects
-
bulging eyes
-
creased forehead
-
lack of attention span
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Most babies born with Edward's are able to live adequately long.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Patua's is basically incompatible with life: most die either miscarriage, stillborn, or in less than a week.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Clinical key factors of Turner's Syndrome
Respuesta
-
Short stature
-
Infertility and ammenorhea
-
Webbed neck
-
Underdeveloped breasts, usually lean
-
Abnormal IQ
-
Increased risk for chronic conditions
-
Genotype: X0
-
Genotype: XXX
-
Tachycardia
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Which is not characteristic of Klinefelter's Syndrome
Respuesta
-
XXY genotype
-
gynecomastia
-
cryptorchardism
-
feminine physical traits (long slender legs and wider hips)
-
excessive hair growth over body area and acne
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What is pre-eclampsia?
Respuesta
-
Pregnancy induced hypertentsion and proteinurea after 20 weeks
-
Pregnancy induced hypertentsion after 20 weeks
-
Pregnancy induced proteinurea after 20 weeks
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
How might pre-eclampsia present?
Respuesta
-
edema
-
severe headache
-
right upper quadrant pain
-
vision problems
-
brisk tendon reflex
-
left upper quadrant pain
-
hearing problems
-
dizziness
-
persistent tremors
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What's true regarding treatment of pre-eclampsia?
Respuesta
-
regardless of severity, admit into hospital
-
moderate-severe: oral labetalol if blood pressure <150/100
-
very close BP monitoring (check at least 4 times a day)
-
repeated tests of proteinurea
-
Blood tests 2-3 times weekly
-
Blood Thinners (Warfarin)
-
NSAIDS, pain killers
-
severe cases: magnesium sulphate intravenously
-
severe cases: antihypertensives-- labetabol, nifedipine
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
You can "cure" pre-eclampsia
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Should aim to deliver baby early in case of pre-eclampsia
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Why can pre-eclampsia be a matter of concern? (choose BEST answer)
Respuesta
-
mandatory precursor to eclampsia which endangers both mother and child as it can include seizures and blackouts due to poor blood perfusion
-
can directly lead to heart failure and dysfunctionality
-
can compromise development of the fetus
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Placenta Abruption presents as vaginal bleeding and [blank_start]abdominal[blank_end] pain. Uterine contractions, [blank_start]shock[blank_end], and [blank_start]fetal[blank_end] distress are also signs. In this case, management would be [blank_start]ABCD[blank_end]. Ensuring fetus was okay, [blank_start]c-section[blank_end] delivery. If fetal dead, [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end] delivery.
Respuesta
-
abdominal
-
lower back
-
widespread pain
-
shock
-
vaginal discharge
-
fetal
-
maternal
-
immediate ABCD
-
immediate surgical management
-
c-section
-
vaginal
-
Vaginal
-
C-section
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
What regarding the A in APGAR is correct?
Respuesta
-
complete activity= 0 points
-
total lack of action = 2 points
-
total lack of action = 0 points
-
complete activity= 2 points
-
complete activity= 1 point
-
flexed arm/leg = 1 point
-
flexed arm/leg = 2 point
-
flexed arm/leg = 0 point
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
What gives you 2 points on the APGAR
Respuesta
-
Pulse over = over 100 beats per min
-
Pulse over = over 80 beats per min
-
Grimace= immediate response
-
Grip= strong grip
-
Appearance= pink
-
Appearance= pink but extremities may be blue
-
Respiration= immense crying
-
Respiration= 15< breaths per minute
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which is how proteinuria determined?
Respuesta
-
protein:creatine ratio 30mg/mmol<
-
protein:creatine ration 30mg/mmol>
-
protein:serum ratio 50mg/mmol<
-
protein:serum ration 50mg/mmol>
-
protein:creatine ration 50mg/mmol>
-
protein:creatine ration 50mg/mmol<
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