1193701
Descripción
Test por Melanie Yandell, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Melanie Yandell
hace más de 10 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behaviour is MOST consistent with the views of
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Carl Rogers
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Wilhelm Wundt
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B.F. Skinner
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Sigmund Freud
Pregunta 2
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The school of psychology that suggests psychologists should study only what can be objectively observed is
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humanism
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behaviourism
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structuralism
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functionalism
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following groups of psychologists would be MOST likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth in a person?
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behaviourists
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psychoanalysts
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humanists
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Gestalt psychologists
Pregunta 4
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After World War II, many psychologists began to specialise in
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clinical psychology
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research psychology
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experimental psychology
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industrial psychology
Pregunta 5
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The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is
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cognition
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pedagogy
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empiricism
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introspection
Pregunta 6
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Decision making, reasoning, problem solving, language and memory are topics MOST likely to be studied by
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evolutionary psychologists
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biological psychologists
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cognitive psychologists
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behavioural psychologists
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behaviour with a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principles of
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behaviorism
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humanism
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psychoanalysis
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fuctionalism
Pregunta 8
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The idea that psychology is empirical suggests that
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reason and logic are primary to psychology
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conclusions should be guided by theories
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conclusions should be based on direct observation
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research should focus on underlying, internal events
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Liam is reading a magazine article about a new "wonder drug" and finds himself wondering who participated in the study, and what evidence the claims are based on. Liam's thinking illustrates the idea that
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Motives and expectations can colour experiences
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information needs to be viewed with a certain degree of skepticism
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single-cause explanations are often inaccurate
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sciences do not exist in a cultural vacuum
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Dr Kline takes an eclectic approach in treating psychological disorders. She often prescribes medications that influence neurotransmitter levels, but she also works with her clients to change their behaviour and understand the role of social factors in their problems. Dr Kline's approach to therapy illustrates the idea that
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our cultural backgrounds exert a considerable influence over our behavior
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motives and expectations can color our experiences
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unconscious motivation has little impact on overt behavior
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differing theoretical perspectives can provide a more complete understanding of behavior
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
World War I and World War II stimulated the growth of psychology as a profession. This influence illustrates which of the textbooks unifying themes?
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Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
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Psychology is theoretically diverse
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Psychology is empirical
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Our experience of the world is highly subjective
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Roger and Lydia met for a blind date. Roger had been told by his best friend that Lydia was charismatic and vivacious. During their date Lydia was friendly but she was quite shy and didn't initiate much of the conversation. Still, Roger thinks that Lydia is one of the most exciting people that he has met, and he can't wait to see her again. Roger's reaction to his date with Lydia shows that
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unconscious motivation has little impact on overt behavior
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people's experience of the world is highly subjective
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behaviour is determined by multiple causes
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cultural heritage has a large impact on behavior
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The text's unifying theme of "heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour" is often referred to as describing the
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nature versus nurture issue
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state versus trait issue
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biological versus psychological issue
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psychological versus biological issue
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death is known as
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maturation
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the perinatal period
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development
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childhood
Pregunta 15
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The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called
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attachment
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dependency
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imprinting
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identification
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Mercedes takes her 1 year old son, Justice, to visit a day-care enter where she plans to enrol him. Justice eagerly explores the playroom as long as Mercedes is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Justice becomes somewhat upset, but when Mercedes returns, he quickly calms down. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who
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share an avoidant attachment relationship
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share an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationship
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share a secure attachment relationship
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have not yet developed an attachment relationship
Pregunta 17
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Harlow's research with monkeys raised with two types of artificial mothers found that when frightened, infant monkeys went to the artificial mother that
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provided food
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did not provide food
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was made of cloth
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was made of wire
Pregunta 18
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In Erikson's theory, the psychosocial crisis during adolescence is
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identity versus confusion
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generativity versus self-absorption
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industry versus inferiority
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intimacy versus isolation
Pregunta 19
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The major shortcoming of Erikson's psychosocial stages of theory of development is that
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he failed to look at adult development
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he placed too little emphasis on social forces in the development of personality
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like many stage theories, it pays little attention to explaining individual differences
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he fails to account for continuity in personality developmen
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
If an infant's basic biological needs are met by others and sound attachments are formed during the first year of life, the infant will, most likely, successfully resolve the crisis associated with the ______________ stage.
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industry versus inferiority
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trust versus mistrust
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autonomy versus shame and doubt
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initiative versus guilt
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
For children, in which Piagetian stage might we be correct with the old expression "Out of sight is out of mind"?
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concrete operational
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preoperational
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sensorimotor
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formal operations
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The assumption of preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it is an example of
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egocentrism
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centration
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conservation
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reversibility
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The stage of concrete operations is said to be "concrete" because
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the child attributes human qualities to concrete objects
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facts are taken t be set in stone, not to be given up easily
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an object must be present for the child to recognize its existence
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children can perform operations only on tangible objects ad actual events
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
If Lawrence Kohlberg were to present you with a moral dilemma, in which of the following would he be MOST interested?
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your judgement of right and wrong in this situation
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what you would do in this situation
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whether your intended behaviour in this situation is consistent with your moral judgement about it
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your reasons for whatever moral judgement you had about the situation
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
In the 1960s, even though most his friends tried recreational drugs, Sebastian refused to experiment with drugs. He did not think the drugs were likely to be harmful, but using the drugs was illegal, and he believes each person has a moral obligation to obey society's rules. Sebastian's reasons for NOT experimenting with drugs reflect.
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preconventional moral reasoning
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conventional moral reasoning
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postconventional moral reasoning
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social moral reasoning
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
In an emergency, we would all react differently from one another because we all have different personalities and experiences. This quality of personality is called
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consistency
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differentiation
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constancy
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distinctiveness
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
According to the five-factor model of personality, people who score high in ___________ are characterized as anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure and vulnerable.
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neuroticism
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extraversion
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conscientiousness
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openness to experiences
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Janelle is suspicious and uncooperative. Her friend think she is a boastful person who is seldom sympathetic. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Janelle would probably score
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low in openness
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low in agreeableness
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high in neuroticism
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low in extraversion
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The id can be BEST described as having which of the following statements as its motto?
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Mom always liked you best
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do the right thing
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we can work it out
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if it feels good, do it
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Jason just sat down to work on his term paper when his friends called and invited him to a party. If Jason decides he will only go after he finishes outlining the term paper, his decision reflects the function of his
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id
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superego
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ego
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preconscious
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Observational learning and self-efficacy are associated with
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Roger's person-centred theory
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Bandura's social cognitive theory
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Jung's analytical theory
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Mischel's person-situation approach
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following approaches to personality is MOST likely to be criticized for denying the existence of free will and the importance of cognitive processes?
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Psychoanalytic approach
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behavioural approach
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cognitive approach
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humanistic approach
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?
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behavioural approach
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cognitive approach
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humanistic approach
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biological approach
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Thomas describes himself as an open and relaxed individual, but people who know him well would describe Thomas as secretive and tense. According to Carl Rogers, Thomas is likely to
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experience incongruence
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be low in self-monitoring
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experience congruence
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be low in self-efficacy
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which of the following is one of the major criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality?
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It is too deterministic
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It is too optimistic about human nature
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It presents a fragmented view of personality
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It de-emphasizes the subjective natre of self-concept
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
According to Rogers, parents who give their children affection both when the children meet, and also when they fail to meet expectations, provide their children with
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conditional love or affection
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unconditional love or affection
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continual love or affection
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generalized love or affection
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Skinner would explain why one student responds positively to receiving a B on a test whilst another student responds negatively to a B by noting that
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one student has a stronger superego than the other
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one student has more self-efficacy than the other
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the students have different personality traits
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the students have different histories of reinforcement and punishment
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The belief that one has the ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is referred to as
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self-efficacy
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self-monitoring
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self-control
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self-justification
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be least likely to rely on animal research
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behavioural approach
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cognitive approach
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humanistic approach
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biological approach
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Psychodynamic personality theories focus on
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an individual's freedom and potential for growth
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genetic factors
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unconscious mental forces
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learning
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Homeostasis is a state of
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physiological stability
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physiological instability
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psychological stability
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psychological instability
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following behaviours is consistent with a drive theory of motivation
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Eating an apple when hungry
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eating dessert after a large meal
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looking up information in the encyclopaedia
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studying hard to earn an "A" on the test
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives result in behaviours that
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restore homeostasis
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maximise reproductive success
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reduce biological needs
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reduce inentives
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
According to motivation theorists, we would expect people generally to be
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more similar in biological than in social needs
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more similar in social than in biological needs
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highly varied in both social and biological needs
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quite similar in both biological and social needs
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Rita has just finished a large meal at her favourite restaurant. Although she is quite full, when the waiter brings the dessert tray, she oers a piece of chocolate cheesecake. In this instance, Rita's behaviour is LEAST consistent with:
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incentive theories of motivation
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the expectancy-value theory of motivation
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the self-awareness theory of motivation
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drive theories of motivation
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Max has the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards for excellence. According to researchers such as McClelland and Atkinson, Max MOSY likely
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has high affiliation needs
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is high in achievement motivation
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is low in achievement motivation
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has a high fear of failure
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Esteban has a job that pays well and he recently moved to a neighbourhood where there is little crime. Lately, he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with, and raising a family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Esteban is MOST likely motivated by
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aesthetic needs
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belongingness and love needs
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esteem needs
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the need for self-actualization
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
According to goal setting theory what type of goals will most likely lead to the highest performance
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easy goals
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no specific goals
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challenging goals
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specific and challenging goals
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
According to expectancy theory, the concept of instrumentality refers to:
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how much you really want the outcome
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your confidence that if you put in the effort required you will achieve the goal
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the notion that the reward will satisfy an important need
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how confident you are that achieving the goal really well lead to the outcome
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