12130422
Descripción
Test por Sarah Warburton, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Sarah Warburton
hace casi 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The central sulcus
Respuesta
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goes from the top of the brain to the lateral fissure
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separated the two hemispheres from one another
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forms one border of the occupational cortex
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is the seat of the primary auditory cortex
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
How is a cortical region that deals with more than low level perception called?
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superior cortex
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connected cortex
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association cortex
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interactive cortex
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following is most clearly associated with primary visual function?
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inter-hemispheric fissure
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calcarine fissure
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lateral fissure
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central sulcus
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
the primary auditory cortex is not
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a portion of the parietal lobe
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located within the lateral fissure
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located in the superior temporal cortex
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organised based on sensitivity to sound frequency
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The front of the brain is...
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on the side of the occiput
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where the brain is thinner rather than bulkier
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on the same side as the cerebellum
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none of the above
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Evolutionary increase of the human brain's computational power was made possible by
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neoteny, the ability of the human body to mature after birth
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the cortex becoming folded this is increasing the surface area
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neural selection and reduction of redundant connections between neutrons
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all of the above
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which direction is towards the top of the brain?
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ventral
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dorsal
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posterior
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temporal
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Looking at the brain from underneath, one can see:
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the central sulcus
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the corpus collosum
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the calcarine fissure
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none of the above
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The inter-hemispheric fissure
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runs from the top to the side of the brain
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runs along the top of the superior temporal cortex
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separates the left and right hemisphere of the brain
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none of the above
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
the primary visual cortex is located
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just behind the eyes, in the frontal cortex
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posterior to the central sulcus
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on the ventral surface of the brain
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in the Broca's area to the left and right of the brain
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
neurons
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are sensory cells whereas astrocytes are motor cells
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are the only type of cell encountered in the brain
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can communicate with one another through synapses
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are only found in the cerebral cortex of the brain
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
the thalamus
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acts as a pacemaker for the attention in the brain
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is located under the hypothalamus
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is not connected to the visual system
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is a single nucleus in the brain
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
the hypothalamus is primarily involved in
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visual perception
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central hormone control
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general body sensitivity
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language comprehension
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
a synapse is where
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action potentials jump from one neurone to another neurone
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neurotransmitters from the presynaptic enter the post synaptic neurone
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action based potential communication is relayed by chemical communication
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neurones have their membranes fuse together to make a network
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
oligodendrocytes are
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neurone with many axonal extensions
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cells specialised in the immune response
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proteins set in the membrane of neurones
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cells insulating the axon of several neurones
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
all neurones have
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a soma, dendrites and an axon
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an axon, myelin sheaths, and neurotransmitters
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a soma, dendrites and synapses
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all of the above
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
the resting potential is the difference of charge
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between the inside and the outside of the neurone when it is firing
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between the axon hillock and the presynaptic membrane
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across the neurones membrane when a neurone has died
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none of the above
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
the action potential
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is adaptable in size so that the neurone to communicate stimulus intensity
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happens whenever the power of electrical stimulation received by the neurone
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can be produced every millisecond to support frequency coding
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can only happen when the neurone is at resting potential
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
neurones
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are born a few weeks before we are born and normally stay alive all our life
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can be up to a meter long in order to reach the sacrum of the spinal cord
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are always covered in myelin sheaths to increase communication speed
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are only found in the cerebral cortex and the internal nuclei of the brain
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
saltatory conduction
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correct is not possible on the surface of neurones that have ranvier nodes
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corresponds to the jumping of action potentials from one neurones to the next
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is prevented by the insulating sheath of myelin covering neurones
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allows action potentials to travel faster down the myelinated axon
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
images presented in the nasal field of view are
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percieved by the dominant right visual cortex
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half-percieved by the left visual cortex and half-percieved by the right visual cortex
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processed mainly by the fovea
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provide more detail but less motion information
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
the face inversion effect
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is an argument in favour of non-specificity for face processing in the human brain
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is the proof for the exsistence of a face module in the inferior temporal lobe
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corresponds to a change in facial expression when a face if shown upside-down
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none of the above
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
pure prosopagnosia is a syndrome in which the patient
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is unable to produce and comprehend language although vision is normal
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has a selective incapacity to identify colours and shapes
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is unable to recognise faces although object recognition can be close to normal
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is unable to name faces but can still recognize photos of them
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
which of the following does not usually relate to visual function?
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a lesion in the visual association cortex
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Brocas asphasia
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a lesion in the primary visual cortex
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prosopagnosia
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
neurons in the visual association cortex
Respuesta
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all have the ability to respond to stimulus lightess
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cannot respond to contrast and motion at the same time
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cannot respond to shape and motion simulateneously
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can indivually respond to faces without responding to face parts
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
which of the following is part of the human eye
Respuesta
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the lens
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the pupillus
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the retinalis
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the filter
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
images received on the retina are inverted (left-right, up-down), and it is overall the same in the
Respuesta
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the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
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the visual association cortex
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the primary visual cortex
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none of the above
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
the visual cortex is where
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decisions regarding the response to visual information are made
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visual information is selectively merged with olfactive information
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the most basic aspects of visual information are processed
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none of the above
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
prosopagnosia is generally the consequence of a lesion in the
Respuesta
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visual association cortex
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superior temporal lobe
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calcarine fissure
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fronto-temporal regions
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
pure prosopagnosia is a syndrome in which the patient
Respuesta
-
is unable to produce and comprehend language although vision normal
-
has a selective incapacity to identify colour and shapes
-
is unable to recognise faces although object recognition can be close to normal
-
is unable to name faces but can still recognize them on photographs
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
which of the following does not usually relate to visual function
Respuesta
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a lesion in the visual association cortex
-
Brocas asphasia
-
a lesion in the primary visual cortex
-
prosopagnosia
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
images presented in the nasal field of view are
Respuesta
-
percieved by dominant right visual cortex
-
half-percieved to the left visual cortex and half-percieved by the right visual cortex
-
processed mainly by the fovea
-
provide more detail but less motion information
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
prosopagnosia is generally the consequence of a lesion in the
Respuesta
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visual association cortex
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superior temporal lobe
-
calcarine fissure
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fronto-temporal regions
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
the philosophy, the earliest systematic interest in the mind-body problem in phliosophy began
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an ancient greece
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with Rene Descartes
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with Thomas Hobbes
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With BF Skinner
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
As regards the mind-brain problem, the materialist monist position holds that
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there is only kind of object: the mind
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there is only kind of object: the brain
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there are two kinds of objects: the brain and the mind
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there are three kinds of objects: the brain, the mind and the soul
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
as regards the mind-brain problem, the idealistic monist position holds that
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there is only the kind of object: the brain
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there is the only kind of object: the mind
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there are two kinds of objects: the brain and mind
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there are three kinds of objects: the mind, the brain, and the soul
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
as regards the mind-brain problems, which approach holds that hat there is only one kind of object, but that it appears quite different when viewed through different classes of sense organ
Respuesta
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materialist monism
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idealist monism
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substance dualism
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dual aspect monism
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
which of the following is NOT true of Rene Descartes
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he emphasised the importance of the pineal gland for mind and brain interactions
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he reported the important case of Phineas Gage
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he is regarded as the key thinker for the position of dualism
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he is well known for his phrase 'Cogito ergo sum' (i think therefore i am)
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
which behaviourist psychologist believed that mind was an epihenomenon, or an illusion, and thus that humans might be regarded as zombies or robots?
Respuesta
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JB Watson
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BF Skinner
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Antonio Damasio
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David Chalmers
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
lesions to which brain structures produce loss of conciousness and coma?
Respuesta
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frontal lobe
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hippocampus
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upper brain stem
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pituitary gland
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
if we could locate the brain systems that underpin consciousness we would have solved (following Charmers) the:
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the hard problem of conciousness
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the easy problem of conciousness
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the problem of core conciousness
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the problem of extended conciousness
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
which of the following disorders can be regarded as examples of loss of core consciousness?
Respuesta
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expressive asphasia (after left frontal lesion)
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episodic memory impariment (after bilateral temporal lesions)
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dysexecutive disorder (after bilateral frontal lesion)
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none of the above are examples of loss of core consciousness
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
which of the following is not true of the disorder encephalitis lethargica (von Economo disease)
Respuesta
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it results from damage to dopamine producing cells
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it occured just after world war I, as a flu-like illness
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it resulted from a lesion to the hippocampus
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it produces a disorder of loss of initiation and agency, but with intact conciousness
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
In philosophy, the earliest systematic interest in the mind-body problem in philosophy began
Respuesta
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Ancient Greece
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Rene Descartes
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Thomas Hobbs
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BF Skinner
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
As regards with brain-mind problem, the materialist monist positions holds that
Respuesta
-
there is only one kind of object: the mind
-
there is only one kind of object: the brain
-
there are two types of objects: the brain and mind
-
there are three kinds of object: the brain, the mind and the soul
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
As regards to the brain-mind problem, the idealist monist postition holds that
Respuesta
-
there is only kind of object: the mind
-
there is only kind of object: the brain
-
there is two kinds of objects: the brain and the mind
-
that there are three types of objects: the brain, the mind and the soul
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
As regards for the brain-mind problem, which approach holds that there is only one kind of object, but that is appears quite different when viewed through different classes of sense organ?
Respuesta
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materialistic monism
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idealistic monism
-
substance dualism
-
dual aspect monism
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
which of the following is not true of Rene Descartes?
Respuesta
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he emphasised the importance of the pineal gland for mind brain interaction
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he reported the importance cause of phinease gage
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he is regarded as the key thinker for the position of dualism
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he is well known for his phrase 'cogito ergo sum' (' i think therefore I am')
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
which behaviourist psychologist believed that mind was a epiphenomenon, or an illusion, and thus humans might be regarded zombies or robots?
Respuesta
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JB watson
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BF Skinner
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Antonio Damasio
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David Chambers
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
lesion to which brain structure produces loss of consciousness and coma?
Respuesta
-
frontal lobes
-
hippocampus
-
upper brain stem
-
pituitary gland
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
which of the following disorders can be regarded as examples of a loss of core consciousness
Respuesta
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expressive aphasia (after a left frontal lesion)
-
episodic memory impairment (after bilateral temporal lesions)
-
dysexecutive disorder (after bilateral frontal lesion)
-
none of the above
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
if we could locate the brain systems that underpin conciousness we would have solved (following Chambers) the
Respuesta
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the hard problem of the consciousness
-
the easy problem of the consciousness
-
the problem of the core consciousness
-
the problem of the extended consciousness
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
which of the following is not true of the disorder encephalitis lethargica (von economo disease)?
Respuesta
-
it results from damage to the dopamine producing cells
-
it occurred after just after WW1, as like a flu like illness
-
it resulted from lesions to the hippocampus
-
it produces a disorder of loss of initiation and agency, but with intact consciousness
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
which of the following is not true of the way that corvids (such as crows and ravens) hide objects when observed by other birds
Respuesta
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they hide the object more quickly
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they hide behind an intervening object
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they distract the other bird by making loud noise
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they wait until other bird has left before hiding
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
which is true of the 'rouge' or spot test
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it is a measure of self-awareness
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it involves the use of a mirror
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is has been successfully passed by several non-human species
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it is usually passed by children after they reach an age of six months
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
which behaviour has not been observed in cephalopod species (squad, octopus ect)
Respuesta
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hiding in coconut shells, as examples of tool use
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moving coconut shells, as examples of tool use
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signing, using tenticles, as examples of language use
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opening jars as examples of problem solving
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
which of the following is true to chimpanzee language?
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Nim Chimpsky is a famous chimpanzee language learner
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Noam Chimpsy is a famous chimpanzee language learner
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all chimpanzee language acquisition is a result of simple stimulus-response learning
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no chimpanzee has ever learned sign language
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
which of the following brain structures are best conserved across the last 500 million years of vertebrate solution
Respuesta
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the brain stem
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the frontal lobe
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the thalamus
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the hippocampus
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
which of brain structure is not associated with the experience of basic emotions
Respuesta
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the brain stem
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the frontal lobes
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the hypothalamus
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the anterior cingulate gyrus
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
which of the following is not true of the behaviour of mammals after parent infant seperation
Respuesta
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soon after seperation (ie acutely), the infant makes distress vocalisation
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after substantial time has passed seperation (ie chronically), the infant is passive and subdued
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distress vocalisation can be decreased in the infant by contact comfort
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distress vocalisation can be increased in the infant by administering opiates
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
in 1971, Jane Goodall described that a chimpanzee avoided retrieving a piece of fruit in front of the others, because she might have to share the fruit. Here Goodall was reporting an example of
Respuesta
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theory of mind
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mirror self awareness
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tool use
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problem solving
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Thomas Nagels famous essay about bats and animal minds suggested that...
Respuesta
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theres evidence
-
no current evidence
-
don’t know what it’s like as it’s impossible due to principle
-
none of the above
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Alex the parrot is not able to
Respuesta
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name qualities
-
name colours and shapes
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understand concepts such a larger and different
-
ask questions
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
the orbitalfrontal cortex
Respuesta
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lies behind the central sulcus
-
inhibits socially inacceptable behaviour
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is spared by prefrontal lobotomy
-
is another name for Brocas area
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
In a patient with bilateral destruction of the amygdala, which of these symptoms would be lease expected
Respuesta
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the incapability to determine that pictures depicit concrete or abstract objects
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low memorisation of emotionally negative events presented in a story
-
reduced bilateral activation of the amygdala while viewing the negative pictures
-
the same startle response while viewing neutral and unpleasant pictures
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
the limbic system is involved in
Respuesta
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emotions and balancing
-
memory and language
-
language, balance and sleep
-
memory and emotions
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
change in behaviour
Respuesta
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following brain injury can be exactly predicted from brain lesions
-
cannot modify the structure and/or function of the human brain
-
are more complex for association cortex lesions than primary sensory lesions
-
the result from physical alterations of brain tissue, not chemical changes
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
prefrontal lobotomy
Respuesta
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is the best method to treat patients with abnormal social behaviour
-
refers to the injection of neuroleptics in the prefrontal cortex
-
was developed because neuroleptics had not yet been invented
-
corresponds to the cutting of the corpus collosum
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
which of the following has least to do with emotions
Respuesta
-
the amygdala
-
the basal ganglia
-
the sense of smell
-
the peri-aqueductal grey matter
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
patients with a lesion in the amygdala
Respuesta
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tend to be hyper sensitive to sudden noises and are started by them
-
tend to only remember emotional details when they read a story
-
don't understand well the content of speech but are bothered by prosody
-
none of the above
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
a member of an African tribe who had never had contact with our civilisation expressed emotions that are highly recognisable by european observers. This shows that...
Respuesta
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people if Africa learnt to express emotion in the same way as Europeans
-
the African tribe in question in fact had unreported contacts with European civilisation
-
emotional expression has a genetic basis and is universal
-
all of the above
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
labotomy in the 1950s
Respuesta
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involved removing the majority of the frontal lobe from the patients brain leaving them only sound tissue
-
was used as a last resort to assist patients with severe and debiliating anxiety attacks
-
was inspired by the case of Phinease Gage who survived a terrible accident
-
involved anesthesia and several hours of operation for every patient
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
frontal patients
Respuesta
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have more violent urges to do things and are often seen as unstoppable by their family
-
manifest from major memory losses and struggle to remember things that have happened to them
-
show little interest in others and themselves and struggle to initate actions
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have severly dystfunctional language in both comprehension and production
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