Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The tendency for test takers to agree on most of the items is called a(n)
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
This test item is an example of a
Respuesta
-
polytomous format
-
dichotomous format
-
Likert format
-
category format
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Distractors that are obviously incorrect
Respuesta
-
lower the reliability of the test
-
increase the reliability of the test
-
have no impact on the reliability of the test
-
reduce the likelihood of correct guessing
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
True-false examinations use
Respuesta
-
a dichotomous format
-
a polytomous format.
-
a Likert format
-
a category format.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
In multiple choice examinations, incorrect alternatives are called
Respuesta
-
flags
-
non-categories
-
distractors
-
miss rates
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The expected level of chance performance, for a 200-item multiple-choice exam with four choice alternatives, is
Respuesta
-
25 correct
-
50 correct
-
75 correct
-
100 correct
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
In order to correct for guessing
Respuesta
-
a correction formula can be used.
-
distractors should be eliminated.
-
the number of items should be increased.
-
distractors should be increased.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Suppose that you are taking a multiple choice test where there is no correction for guessing. If you aren't sure of the answer,
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What describes the chances that a low-ability test taker will obtain each score?
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What format do some personality tests use because it requires an absolute judgment?
Respuesta
-
multiple-choice
-
Likert
-
dichotomous
-
category
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which item format can best be factor analyzed to find which ones group together?
Respuesta
-
multiple-choice
-
Likert
-
dichotommous
-
forced-choice
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Suppose you got 75 items correct on a 100-item, six alternative, multiple-choice exam. What would your score be after we corrected for guessing?
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Under what circumstance is it NOT to your advantage to guess on a multiple-choice exam?
Respuesta
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when you are making a "wild guess" and a correction formula is being used
-
in any test situation where you are making a "wild guess"
-
when you can rule out one or more of the alternatives as being incorrect
-
when the guessing threshold is low
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The difference between Likert scales and category formats is that
Respuesta
-
category formats are used only in health settings.
-
category formats tends to be dichotomous while Likert scales tends to be polytomous.
-
category formats tend to have a smaller number of choices.
-
Likert scales tend to have a smaller number of choices.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A test format that is typically used for attitude measurement is the
Respuesta
-
checklist format
-
dichotomous format
-
category format
-
Likert format
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
When distractors are likely to be selected as alternative responses on multiple-choice tests,
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
One method for measuring chronic pain asks the respondent to group statements according to how accurately they describe his/her discomfort. This would be an example of the
Respuesta
-
Q-sort format
-
checklist format
-
Likert format
-
category format
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The following is an item from an attitude scale:
Physical punishment is essential in order to control children.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neither agree or disagree
Agree
Strongly agree
This item is in the
Respuesta
-
category format
-
Likert format
-
dichotomous format
-
polytomous format
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
One problem with the use of category rating scales is that
Respuesta
-
many respondents are confused by dichotomous formats.
-
responses are sometimes influenced by the context in which objects are rated.
-
rating scales must be at least 100 points in order to be meaningfully interpreted.
-
category rating scale data do not have ordinal scale property.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Describing the chances that low-ability test takers will obtain each score is called the
Respuesta
-
dichotomous format.
-
polytomous format.
-
guessing threshold.
-
50% threshold.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In general, studies have indicated that the race of the examiner
Respuesta
-
should be the same as that of the subject.
-
should be different than that of the subject.
-
is unrelated to test performance.
-
is not as important as sex of the examiner.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Studies on the effect of the race of the tester have demonstrated that
Respuesta
-
African-American children consistently score higher when they are tested by African-American examiners.
-
African-American children consistently score lower when they are tested by African-American examiners.
-
White children consistently score higher when they are tested by White examiners.
-
that the race of the examiner does not have a significant effect on the test scores of African-American or White children.
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
For children up through about the 3rd grade, a friendly examiner
Respuesta
-
significantly affects performance on a test.
-
does not significantly affect performance on a test.
-
increased IQ scores by nearly one standard deviation.
-
decreased IQ scores by nearly one standard deviation.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Dominic, a Caucasian male, is in the first grade and his reading skills are being assessed for placement next year. His teacher is out sick on the day of his assessment test. You can expect his test score to be
Respuesta
-
substantially higher than if the test were administered by the regular teacher
-
unaffected by the change in examiner.
-
significantly lower as a result of an unfamiliar examiner
-
nothing more than a reflection of his reading ability
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Studies have demonstrated that
Respuesta
-
disapproving comments by an examiner can hinder test performance.
-
disapproving comments by the examiner can actually motivate children and enhance their performance.
-
too much approval by the examiner can hinder performance.
-
there is no relationship between the examiner's comments and test performance.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The "Rosenthal effect" occurs when
Respuesta
-
race of the tester produces a bias.
-
the administrators' expectations influence the respondents' scores.
-
test-takers do poorly because they are fatigued.
-
the gender of the test administrator is different than that of the examinee.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Rosenthal asserted that expectancy effects are likely to result from subtle uses of
Respuesta
-
reinforcement
-
nonverbal communication
-
disapproving comments
-
gender and racial bias
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Research on the effects of examiners' expectations upon test scores have shown that
Respuesta
-
examiners' expectations influence scores only when rapport has developed.
-
examiners' expectations have little effect upon test scores.
-
there is inconsistency with regard to the effect of examiners' expectations
-
too few studies have been done to draw any conclusions.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The school board decided to send professional test administrators into the schools in an attempt to establish stricter standardization procedures for the administration of IQ tests. If you are from a socio-economically disadvantaged area, you can expect that the test scores for your school district will
Respuesta
-
benefit greatly from the use of outside examiners.
-
be equal to the scores received by students in upper socio-economic groups.
-
be more negatively impacted by the use of unfamiliar examiners than for wealthier districts.
-
be more positively impacted by the use of unfamiliar examiners than for wealthier districts.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Studies on the effect of reinforcement upon intelligence test performance by African-American children (by Terrell and colleagues) suggest that
Respuesta
-
African-American children will improve their performance if given simple verbal praise such as "Excellent performance".
-
African-American children will not be affected by the administration of tangible awards.
-
only "culturally relevant" verbal praise will help boost performance by African-American children.
-
culturally specific feedback such as "Nice job, blood" alienates African-American youngsters and may damage test performance.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Mrs. Morgan and Mrs. Malcolm are African-American and only want an African-American examiner to administer an IQ test to their children. They
Respuesta
-
are justifiably concerned that their children's scores will be adversely affected by a Caucasian examiner.
-
are operating under the widely held myth that the race of the examiner impedes performance of African-American children.
-
realize that strict standards for proper test administration do not exist.
-
realize that it is important to have an examiner that is new and unknown to the test-taker.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Mr. and Mrs. Lozano have recently moved to Ohio from Mexico and have been notified that their son Reuben will be given an English IQ test to determine school placement. They should
Respuesta
-
not be concerned about the language of the test because one of the secretaries has offered to translate.
-
be pleased because the school is hiring a professional to translate the test especially for Reuben.
-
ask the school to only use a test that has been translated and subjected to reliability and validity studies in Spanish speaking populations.
-
realize that by testing their son in English, they are helping him to acculturate to his new environment much faster
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Because situational variables can affect test scores, testing requires
Respuesta
-
standardized conditions.
-
at least two test administrators.
-
a test administrator and an observer.
-
test administrators with similar backgrounds and characteristics.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Patty has just received a graduate degree in psychology and has been hired by a local organization to administer the WAIS-R. They should
Respuesta
-
have no qualms about her qualifications for this position because she has a degree.
-
have no qualms about her qualifications because her program required that she engage in at least 5 practice administrations of this test.
-
be aware that errors are likely to be high unless she has completed at least 10 practice sessions.
-
realize test administer training is a highly standardized process with high quality standards.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Mrs. Collins and Mrs. Grey both administered the same IQ test to their regular classes by reading instructions, refraining from providing any verbal feedback, and generally following strict procedural guidelines. Even though the classes were comparable, Mrs. Grey's class had much lower test scores than Mrs. Collins. It is likely that
Respuesta
-
the instructions were not clear.
-
standard test administration does not work.
-
some subtle non-verbal cue or body language affected scores.
-
the race of the teachers affected test scores.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The Rosenthal effect
Respuesta
-
appears to be consistent but relatively small.
-
is limited to human subjects
-
has been consistently replicated
-
shows no gender effect
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Worry, emotionality, and lack of self-confidence are the three components of
Respuesta
-
test anxiety
-
expectancy effects
-
human factors
-
reactivity
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
As sample size increases, expectancy effects tend to
Respuesta
-
become more important
-
decrease
-
remain stable
-
increase
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The study by Terrell, et al. in which four groups of African-American children were provided four different kinds of feedback shows
Respuesta
-
an effect of race of examiner.
-
no difference between types of feedback.
-
the importance of culturally relevant rewards.
-
that tangible rewards outperform any verbal feedback.
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Why is it of concern that there is not a standardized protocol for training on how to administer the WAIS-R?
Respuesta
-
Individuals with only undergraduate degrees are permitted to administer it, making training especially important.
-
The courts have repeatedly ordered the development of standardized training for the WAIS-R, but it has not been done.
-
There is no evidence that training will improve the ability of examiners to administer and score the WAIS-R.
-
Research indicates that errors are common until examiners have administered 10 practice tests and declines thereafter.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The personnel manager of ABC Company asked all of the applicants she interviewed the same questions in the same systematic fashion. She was conducting a(n) ____ interview.
Respuesta
-
nondirective
-
unstructured
-
structured
-
diagnostic
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
An interview in which the person being interviewed is allowed to determine the direction of the interview is called a(n) ____ interview.
Respuesta
-
nondirective
-
directive
-
structured
-
selection
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which of the following differentiates between an interview and psychological tests in general?
Respuesta
-
how they are evaluated
-
whether they are administered individually or in groups
-
whether there is a standardized format
-
their importance for gathering information in clinical settings
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which test cannot be properly used without interview data?
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The reciprocal nature of interviewing means
Respuesta
-
the participants of an interview do not influence each other's mood.
-
the participants of an interview are interdependent upon and influence each other.
-
an interview involves high activity among both participants.
-
if the interviewer is tense and anxious, the interviewee will tend to calm down.
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Studies have shown that in an interview
Respuesta
-
high activity in one participant is associated with reduced activity in the other.
-
high activity in one participant is associated with increased activity in the other.
-
the activity of one participant has nothing to do with the activity of the other.
-
high activity in one participant tends to lead to hostility in the other.
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Criminal interrogations can result in misleading information if an interrogator is highly active because
Respuesta
-
they make the suspect nervous and prone to make misleading statements.
-
the suspect's activity level increases, which increases the interrogator's suspiciousness.
-
hyperactive interrogators tend to miss important cues given by the suspect.
-
active interrogators tend to cause the suspect to clam up and refuse to make a statement.
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
David had graduated and secured two job interviews. He was quite nervous and in one interview, the interview team bickered among themselves and was rude to each other. In the other, the interview team was calm, relaxed, and welcoming. When he later thought about the interviews, David described himself as feeling very tense and even frightened in the first interview, and calm and confident in the second one. This is consistent with the idea of
Respuesta
-
mirroring
-
social facilitation
-
active listening
-
probing
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
During a job interview, Geoffrey found his behavior began to mimic the behavior of the nervous and disorganized interviewer. This is best described as an example of
Respuesta
-
social facilitation
-
halo effect
-
interpersonal attraction
-
paraphrasing
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The degree to which one person is able to influence another is known as
Respuesta
-
interpersonal attraction
-
interpersonal influence
-
social facilitation
-
halo effect
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Social facilitation refers to
Respuesta
-
the phenomenon that we tend to act like the models around us
-
a method of interviewing
-
the best method of psychotherapy
-
a method of enhancing human relationships
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Good interview behavior is more a matter of ____ than ____.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
One study (Saccuzzo, 1975) found that the most important factor in a patient's evaluations of the quality of an interview was
Respuesta
-
the seriousness of their concerns
-
their mood state
-
the therapist's orientation
-
their perceptions of the interview's feelings
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
In social psychology, the degree to which people share a feeling of understanding, mutual respect, and similarity is known as
Respuesta
-
social facilitation
-
interpersonal influence
-
interpersonal attraction
-
halo effect
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Deliberately inducing discomfort or anxiety in an interviewee
Respuesta
-
should always be avoided.
-
is likely to increase how much information an interviewee reveals
-
is related to the interviewer's training.
-
is appropriate for certain types of interviews.
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The fact that Roger is more impressed by how much his therapist appeared to care, rather than the numerous diplomas and certificates on the therapist’s walls, suggests that Roger will likely evaluate the quality of the interview as
Respuesta
-
poor
-
average
-
high
-
indeterminate
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Probing statements
Respuesta
-
will put the interviewee on the defensive
-
do no carry judgmental overtone
-
should usually be avoided in an interview
-
communicate a deep sense of empathy
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which of the following directs anger toward the interviewee?
Respuesta
-
evaluative statements
-
probing statements
-
hostile statements
-
reassuring statement
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following communicates "I don't approve of this aspect of you?"
Respuesta
-
evaluative statements
-
probing statements
-
hostile statements
-
reassuring statements
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Which of the following demands more information than the interviewee would be willing to provide voluntarily?
Respuesta
-
evaluative statements
-
probing statements
-
hostile statements
-
reassuring statements
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
What method of studying intelligence examines the properties of a test by evaluating its correlates and underlying dimensions?
Respuesta
-
factor analysis
-
psychometric
-
information-processing
-
cognitive
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Dr. Kang is investigating the mechanisms that underlie how humans learn and solve problems. She is using the ____ approach to investigate human intelligence.
Respuesta
-
information-processing
-
psychometric
-
cognitive
-
psychophysics
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Which of the following needs was the impetus for the development of intelligence testing?
Respuesta
-
classification of military recruits
-
identification of high quality civil service recruits
-
identification of individuals with intellectual disabilities
-
creation of vocational and technical colleges
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
In research investigating human intelligence, focusing on how humans adapt to real-world demands is called a ____ approach.
Respuesta
-
information-processing
-
psychometric
-
cognitive
-
psychophysics
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
What is the oldest approach to investigating human intelligence?
Respuesta
-
information-processing
-
psychometric
-
cognitive
-
psychophysics
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The finding that a correlation exists between scores on all standardized intelligence tests and ____ has been a problem in defining intelligence.
Respuesta
-
gender
-
profession
-
chronological age
-
socioeconomic status
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Which of the following is part of Binet's definition of intelligence?
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Binet believed that human intelligence was expressed through
Respuesta
-
socioeconomic status and level of education
-
positive self concept and gender.
-
judgment, attention, and reasoning
-
ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Binet's two major principles of test construction were
Respuesta
-
general mental ability and age differentiation
-
reliability and validity
-
norms and standardization
-
age differentiation and age scale
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
With the principle of age differentiation
Respuesta
-
one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child independently of chronological age.
-
one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child if their chronological age is known.
-
the deviation IQ can be ascertained
-
Binet freed himself from the burden of identifying each independent aspect of intelligence.
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
The tasks that Binet used to differentiate between age groups could be completed by what percentage of the children in a particular age group?
Respuesta
-
at least 50%
-
between 50% and 75%
-
between 66.67% and 75%
-
100%
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The concept that older children have greater capabilities than younger children is referred to as
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
What technique is more commonly used today in order to evaluate age equivalent capabilities?
Respuesta
-
item response theory
-
factor analysis
-
mental age
-
predictive validity
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
With the concept of general intelligence
Respuesta
-
Binet's search for tasks could be unrestricted.
-
Binet was forced to ascertain the relative contribution of each element to the whole.
-
the value of a task could be judged in terms of its correlation with the total score.
-
each element of intelligence must first be identified.
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Which of the following is an implication of Binet’s concept of general mental ability?
Respuesta
-
Individual items that do not correlate well with the total score can be eliminated.
-
A broad range of diverse items must be included
-
Variability in the ability to perform specific skills should be minimal.
-
Those who are high in general mental ability will also be high in specific mental abilities
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
A major implication of general intelligence is that
Respuesta
-
a person's intelligence can best be represented by a single score.
-
human intelligence is broad and general
-
human intelligence is the interaction among a broad range of specific abilities.
-
human intelligence refers to good judgment, reasoning, concentration, attention, etc.
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
To support the notion of g, Spearman developed a statistical technique called
Respuesta
-
correlation
-
principle components
-
factor analysis.
-
analysis of variance.
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Spearman suggested that the variance that is shared by a set of tests/scores represents
Respuesta
-
age differentiation.
-
positive manifold.
-
the g factor.
-
factor analysis.
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
According to Spearman, what percentage of the variance in a set of mental ability tests is represented by the g factor?
Respuesta
-
50%
-
between 66.67% and 75%
-
75%
-
100%
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
According to the concept of general intelligence, a person's intelligence score actually represents
Respuesta
-
differences in unique ability stemming from a specific task.
-
the additive score on a broad variety of tasks.
-
the shared variance underlying performance on a diverse set of tasks.
-
abilities on a particular test as compared to others within the same age group
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Among his motivations for the development of the Wechsler scales of intelligence, was David Wechsler's belief that
Respuesta
-
one underlying mental ability was solely responsible for the concept of intelligence.
-
a single intelligence score was the most appropriate measure of human intelligence.
-
human intelligence was significantly influenced by nonintellectual factors.
-
existing intelligence scales were adequate to measure the intelligence of all age groups.
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Because he used a point scale, Wechsler was able to
Respuesta
-
determine age level performance.
-
assign points on an all or none basis.
-
only analyze one area of ability.
-
group similar content items together.
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
The separate subscale used to measure nonverbal intelligence in the Wechsler scale is called a(n)
Respuesta
-
point scale
-
performance scale
-
memory scale
-
age scale.
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
One of the most influential advocates of the role of nonintellectual factors in intelligence tests is
Respuesta
-
Binet.
-
Terman.
-
Wechsler.
-
Rapaport.
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
A major criticism of the Binet scale by Wechsler was that
Respuesta
-
the Binet Scale was not an appropriate measure of adult intelligence.
-
the concept of an age scale was outdated.
-
it was not reliable.
-
the norms did not include non-whites.
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
The original Wechsler scale was the first one that
Respuesta
-
was capable of directly comparing verbal and nonverbal measures.
-
used a large, representative sample.
-
used a performance scale.
-
could be generalized to various populations.
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
The Wechsler-Bellevue
Respuesta
-
was well standardized.
-
had a normative sample consisting of a representative sample of adults.
-
included a standardization sample that was larger than any before or since.
-
used separate subscales to measure adult intelligence
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
The Wechsler tests employs a(n)
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
In a point scale,
Respuesta
-
items are grouped according to age level and content.
-
points are assigned to each item.
-
items cannot be presented in order of increasing difficulty.
-
subjects receive some points even for items that are missed.
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
The concept of a Performance Scale
Respuesta
-
was introduced by Wechsler in 1939
-
was introduced prior to the development of the Wechsler-Bellevue.
-
was found to be more applicable to adults than to children.
-
was found to be more applicable to children than to adults.
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of the Wechsler Scales?
Respuesta
-
Items have content validity for adults.
-
They are most useful with adults.
-
They are administered in groups
-
They have limited reliability in clinical settings.
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
The main reason for including a performance scale in a measure of intelligence is to
Respuesta
-
facilitate scoring.
-
increase ease of administration.
-
improve examiner-examinee rapport
-
overcome language, cultural, and educational factors.
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which of the following is a component of Wechsler's definition of intelligence?
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale?
Respuesta
-
It is appropriate for children but not adults.
-
Its normative sample was non-representative
-
It has a verbal scale, but, unlike the other Wechsler scales, not a performance scale.
-
It is unfair to older adults.
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
The information subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Respuesta
-
concentration.
-
anxiety.
-
range of knowledge.
-
abstract thinking.
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
The comprehension subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
The arithmetic subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Respuesta
-
concentration.
-
alertness to details.
-
planning ability.
-
common sense or judgment
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
The similarities subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
The digit span subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Respuesta
-
alertness to details.
-
nonverbal reasoning.
-
visual-motor functioning
-
anxiety.
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Which WAIS-IV subtest asks questions such as, "What should you do if you see an injured person lying in the street?"
Respuesta
-
information
-
comprehension
-
similarities
-
picture arrangement